Combined radiation mechanism in the sun's active region No. 75 during the eclipse of 16 February, 1980

We assume that the physical conditions above an active solar region vary continuously from the centers of sunspots to the adjacent quiet region and try to take into account the influence of the magnetic field. Thus we calculate the three-dimensional distribution of the electron temperature and density based on the radio spectrum of active region No. 75 obtained from the solar eclipse observation of 16 February, 1980. If we assume a potential field, we calculated the magnetic field above the active region in terms of the solar photospheric magnetic field.Using the electron temperature, density, and the magnetic field as described above, and assuming the slowly varying radiation mechanism to consist of bremsstrahlung and gyro-resonance radiation, we obtained the flux density spectrum and the brightness temperature spectrum. The calculated results are essentially consistent with the observations.     

应用商用CCD配备录像机进行天体定位的试验

本工作是为今后在1.2米望远镜上利用商用CCD配备录像机进行人卫快速精密定位观测所做的初步试验,其目的是在实验室里模拟检测商用CCD配备录像机后对星像的绝对及相对定位精度。通过使用不同图像板及录像带在不同幅度的CCD视频信号情况下的分组试验,得到了满足人卫观测的结果,CCD对绝对位置及相对位置的定位误差均小于±0.5个象元。本文还对误差产生的原因进行了初步分析。     

Spectral behaviour of the eclipsing binary TX UMa around primary minimum

Sixty-one blue spectrograms of TX UMa were obtained in the years 1969–1970, mainly in phases close to the primary minimum of the eclipsing system. The radial velocity curve displays clear rotational effect from which much higher than synchronous rotational velocity of the blue (B8V) component has been formally derived. However, this discrepancy is probably due to the presence of the tenous accretion disk around the primary. The disk is apparently fed by the intermittent mass transfer as indicated by the occasional changes of orbital period of the system. From all available radial velocity data an improved set of spectroscopic orbital elements is derived. The behaviour of the spectral lines in and out of the primary minimum is compared. Metallic lines of the cold (F7IV) secondary component are clearly seen exclusively in phases 0.988 to 0.012.Paper presented at the 11th European Regional Astronomical Meetings of the IAU on New Windows to the Universe, held 3–8 July, 1989, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain.     

有关内蒙古地质构造的一线之见——江苏响水至内蒙古满都拉地学断面北段研究报道之一

本文概述了江苏响水至内蒙古满都拉地学断面北段——包头至满都拉的地质观察结果。内容包括从太古宙乌拉山群到第四系、基底构造到新构造特征的七个方面。重点论述了渣尔泰群和白云鄂博群的构造性质,它们约在14亿年前才褶皱回返,代表了华北地台基底固结最迟的地段。造成这一事件的构造运动,拟称为色尔腾运动。此外,还讨论了华北地台北侧陆缘区加里东期和华力西期的构造     

The effects of climate change on heating energy consumption of office buildings in different climate zones in China

Theoretical and Applied Climatology - Climate plays an important role in heating energy consumption owing to the direct relationship between space heating and changes in meteorological conditions....     

Characterization of landscape pattern based on land economic niche change: A case study in Ganzhou,Gansu Province,China

Land use change has a profound impact on biodiversity and ecological processes, and is closely related to changes in landscape patterns. This paper introduces the theory and method of land economic niche into landscape ecology, which provides a new method for spatial characterization of urban and rural spatial landscape patterns. Based on this theory, this paper analyzes the landscape pattern of Ganzhou District by using Landsat images as data source in 1995, 2000, 2005,2010 and 2015. We calculated the land economic niche by applying the niche potential theory. Combined with the theory of landscape ecology, we explored the effects of the land economic niche change on the landscape pattern at a county scale.The results show that economic niche of construction land, watershed and farmland increased during 1995–2015, and grassland declined significantly. The economic niche of farmland, construction land, watershed and grassland show a negative correlation with the number of patches(NP), fragmentation index(FN) and the fractal dimension index(FD), and had a positive correlation with the aggregation index(AI). There was no significant correlation between the forest land economic niche and landscape metrics. The change of land economic niche has a driving effect on the landscape pattern of the county, which can represent the economic development direction of Ganzhou District. The land economic niche is closely related to the landscape type which can directly obtain an economic benefit.     

Geochemical constraints on CO2-rich mantle source for the Kocebu Seamount,Magellan Seamount chain in the western Pacific

The alkaline oceanic island basalts(OIBs) with under-saturated SiO_2 and high contents of CaO and alkaline are usually attributed to mantle sources different from typical tholeiitic OIBs.Based on the results of high pressure and temperature experiment study,the genesis of silica under-saturated alkaline basaltic melts could be explained by the role of CO_2, thus,the genetic relationship of alkaline basalts with CO_2 has become a topic of relevance because it is closely related to the deep carbon cycle.The Magellan Seamount chain in the West Pacific Seamount Province has wide distribution of alkali basalts.For the first time,we collected alkaline basalt samples from the Kocebu Seamount of the Magellan Seamount chain and found that magmatic apatites widely occur in the less evolved volcanic rock samples,and the high contents of phosphorus should be a feature of the alkaline OIB s of the Magellan Seamounts.Compared with typical OIBs,these alkaline volcanic rocks have higher CaO and P_2 O_5, lower SiO_2 content,negative anomaly of high field strength elements(HFSEs),more distinctly negative anomaly of potassium(K) and the ubiquity of titanaugite,indicating a CO_2-rich mantle source.Based on the relatively high K2 O and TiO_2 contents and La/Yb ratio and low MgO content of these alkaline rocks,we suggest that the volcanic rocks of the Magellan Seamounts are originated from carbonated eclogites derived possibly from ancient subducted altered oceanic crust.     

Dynamic Diurnal Changes in Green Algae Biomass in the Southern Yellow Sea Based on GOCI Images

Macroalgae blooms of Ulva prolifera have occurred every summer in the southern Yellow Sea since 2007, inducing severe ecological problems and huge economic losses. Genesis and secular movement of green algae blooms have been well monitored by using remote sensing and other methods. In this study, green algae were detected and traced by using Geostationary Ocean Color Imager(GOCI), and a novel biomass estimation model was developed from the relationship between biomass measurements and previously published satellite-derived biomass indexes. The results show that the green algae biomass can be determined most accurately with the biomass index of green algae for GOCI(BIGAG), which is calculated from the Rsurf data that had been atmospherically corrected by ENVI/QUAC method. For the first time, dynamic changes in green algae biomass were studied over an hourly scale. Short-term biomass changes were highly influenced by Photosynthetically Available Radiation(PAR) and tidal phases, but less by sea surface temperature variations on a daily timescale. A new parameter of biomass changes(PBC), calculated by the ratio of the biomass growth rate to movement velocity, could provide an effective way to assess and forecast green tide in the southern Yellow Sea and similar areas.     

Some scientific problems facing research on hydrological processes in an inland river basin

The challenge is put forward to scientific hydrology by the advancement of water sciences; that is, how should we carry out a multidisciplinary, integrated and cooperative research on hydrological processes in the basin, regional and global scales, in order to better understand the role water plays in the changes of the natural resources and environment of the earth, and to understand the hydrosphere and its interactions with the atmosphere, lithosphere and biosphere. How the changes and transformation of the components of the water cycle and water balance occur in an inland river basin has yet to be understood. We also need to understand what the interactions of water cycle, ecosystems and environment are, and what the responses and feedback of the changes to global change and to human activities are. The water cycle in an inland river basin characterizes the runoff generation region of the mountains upstream, the artificial oases region of water resources exploitation and utilization midstream and the natural desert oases region of runoff dissipating downstream. The mountain hydrological processes are discussed from water cycle, energy balance, water balance and ecological processes. The interactions of water and vegetation are discussed in relation to ecohydrology, and the hydrological processes in the ground water-soil-vegetation layer are discussed from the concept of the critical zone newly put forward abroad. The basic frame is put forward to carry out the field measurement, experiment and studies of hydrological processes in a typical inland river basin. __________ Translated from Advances in Earth Science, 2007, 22(9): 940–953 [译自: 地球科学进展]     

Interaction of Freshly Precipitated Silica Gel with Aqueous Silicic Acid Solutions under Ambient and Near Neutral pH-conditions: A Detailed Analysis of Linear Rate Law

Interaction of freshly precipitated silica gel with aqueous solutions was studied at laboratory batch experiments under ambient and near neutral pH-conditions. The overall process showed excellent reversibility: gel growth could be considered as an opposite process to dissolution and a linear rate law could be applied to experimental data. Depending on the used rate law form, the resulting rate constants were sensitive to errors in parameters/variables such as gel surface area, equilibrium constants, Si-fluxes, and reaction quotients. The application of an Integrated Exponential Model appeared to be the best approach for dissolution data evaluation. It yielded the rate constants k _dissol ∼ (4.50 ± 0.68) × 10⁻¹² and k _growth ∼ (2.58 ± 0.39) × 10⁻⁹ mol m⁻² s⁻¹ for zero ionic strength. In contrast, a Differential Model gave best results for growth data modeling. It yielded the rate constants k _dissol ∼ (1.14 ± 0.44) × 10⁻¹¹ and k _growth ∼ (6.08 ± 2.37) × 10⁻⁹ mol m⁻² s⁻¹ for higher ionic strength (I ∼ 0.04 to 0.11 mol L⁻¹). The found silica gel solubility at zero ionic strength was somewhat lower than the generally accepted value. Based on the and standard Gibbs free energy of silica gel formation was calculated as and −850,318 ± 20 J mol⁻¹, respectively. Activation energies for silica gel dissolution and growth were determined as and respectively. An universal value for growth of any silica polymorph, is not consistent with the value for silica gel growth, which questions the hypothesis about one unique activated complex controlling the silica polymorph growth.