全文获取类型
收费全文 | 557篇 |
免费 | 35篇 |
国内免费 | 14篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 15篇 |
大气科学 | 62篇 |
地球物理 | 133篇 |
地质学 | 152篇 |
海洋学 | 47篇 |
天文学 | 120篇 |
自然地理 | 77篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 2篇 |
2023年 | 3篇 |
2022年 | 3篇 |
2021年 | 14篇 |
2020年 | 14篇 |
2019年 | 18篇 |
2018年 | 17篇 |
2017年 | 19篇 |
2016年 | 25篇 |
2015年 | 24篇 |
2014年 | 26篇 |
2013年 | 30篇 |
2012年 | 21篇 |
2011年 | 34篇 |
2010年 | 29篇 |
2009年 | 36篇 |
2008年 | 19篇 |
2007年 | 32篇 |
2006年 | 20篇 |
2005年 | 22篇 |
2004年 | 13篇 |
2003年 | 18篇 |
2002年 | 13篇 |
2001年 | 12篇 |
2000年 | 15篇 |
1999年 | 13篇 |
1998年 | 12篇 |
1997年 | 8篇 |
1996年 | 6篇 |
1995年 | 8篇 |
1994年 | 8篇 |
1993年 | 2篇 |
1992年 | 4篇 |
1991年 | 5篇 |
1990年 | 3篇 |
1989年 | 8篇 |
1988年 | 4篇 |
1986年 | 6篇 |
1985年 | 8篇 |
1984年 | 3篇 |
1983年 | 5篇 |
1982年 | 5篇 |
1981年 | 6篇 |
1980年 | 2篇 |
1979年 | 2篇 |
1978年 | 2篇 |
1976年 | 2篇 |
1975年 | 2篇 |
1969年 | 1篇 |
1968年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有606条查询结果,搜索用时 218 毫秒
21.
Jeremy P. Richards 《Resource Geology》2005,55(2):131-137
Abstract. The modern minerals industry is more environmentally responsible and socially aware than at any time in the past, and yet faces increasing challenges to improve its performance in these areas still further. Some of these expectations are reasonable and achievable, but others are unrealistic (e.g., “zero impact”) if real development is to continue. Moreover, because society is the ultimate beneficiary of the industry's products, it should be prepared to pay for the improvements it demands. Currently externalized costs, such as many environmental and social impacts, should be internalized into prices, and higher royalties should be charged on gross revenue to ensure effective capture of value of non‐renewable resources by host countries. Such costs to consumers could be offset by higher recycling value, leasing, or deposit‐return schemes. NGOs have an important role to play in working with industry to convince society to accept such changes. 相似文献
22.
23.
Jeremy C. Ely Chris D. Clark Richard C. A. Hindmarsh Anna L. C. Hughes Sarah L. Greenwood Sarah L. Bradley Edward Gasson Lauren Gregoire Niall Gandy Chris R. Stokes David Small 《第四纪科学杂志》2021,36(5):946-960
Palaeo-ice sheets are important analogues for understanding contemporary ice sheets, offering a record of ice sheet behaviour that spans millennia. There are two main approaches to reconstructing palaeo-ice sheets. Empirical reconstructions use the available glacial geological and chronological evidence to estimate ice sheet extent and dynamics but lack direct consideration of ice physics. In contrast, numerically modelled simulations implement ice physics, but often lack direct quantitative comparison with empirical evidence. Despite being long identified as a fruitful scientific endeavour, few ice sheet reconstructions attempt to reconcile the empirical and model-based approaches. To achieve this goal, model-data comparison procedures are required. Here, we compare three numerically modelled simulations of the former British–Irish Ice Sheet with the following lines of evidence: (a) position and shape of former margin positions, recorded by moraines; (b) former ice-flow direction and flow-switching, recorded by flowsets of subglacial bedforms; and (c) the timing of ice-free conditions, recorded by geochronological data. These model–data comparisons provide a useful framework for quantifying the degree of fit between numerical model simulations and empirical constraints. Such tools are vital for reconciling numerical modelling and empirical evidence, the combination of which will lead to more robust palaeo-ice sheet reconstructions with greater explicative and ultimately predictive power. 相似文献
24.
Linkages between spatio‐temporal patterns of environmental factors and distribution of plant assemblages across a boreal peatland complex
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Jeremy A. Graham Jeremy A. Hartsock Dale H. Vitt R. Kelman Wieder John J. Gibson 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》2016,45(2):207-219
Here we examine the arrangement of plant species across an oligotrophic bog/poor fen peatland complex in the North American boreal plain and the relationships of these species to their physical and chemical environment. A semi‐uniform spatial sampling approach was utilized to describe the species assemblages, pore‐water chemistry and physical condition of 100 plots throughout a single peatland complex. Regardless of sharing the same ground cover of Sphagnum mosses, the remaining species separated into four distinct assemblages, each with unique indicators. These species groups along with associated chemical and physical factors are organized into four ecosites: bog, margin (edge) and two poor fen ecosites. The plant assemblages of this peatland have a complex relationship with numerous gradients, both physical and chemical, including depth to water table, shade, pH, nutrient and base cation. Rather than being homogenous across the landscape, most environmental variables exhibit distinct spatial patterns and do so in relationship to the plant assemblages, forming spatially distinct ecosites across the complex. Base cation concentrations play a smaller role than previously thought in differentiating these ecosites, and in addition to shade and depth to water table, nitrogen in the form of dissolved organic nitrogen was highly related to the placement of these ecosites. Many significant chemical factors appear related to evaporative water loss within the peatland complex, and these chemical factors are used to differentiate the ecosites. However, the mediation of evaporative water loss is due largely to self‐generated responses of the plant assemblages related to shade through plant morphology and peat acrotelm development related to depth to water table. We conclude that plant species and associated environmental gradients act together to form spatially distinct ecosites. The distribution of these ecosites within this large, environmentally complex peatland is largely controlled by differing self‐generated responses along the hydrotopographical gradient of differential water loss. 相似文献
25.
26.
Bedform geometry is widely recognized to be a function of transport stage. Bedform aspect ratio (height/length) increases with transport stage, reaches a maximum, then decreases as bedforms washout to a plane bed. Bedform migration rates are also linked to bedform geometry, in so far as smaller bedforms in coarser sediment tend to migrate faster than larger bedforms in finer sediment. However, how bedform morphology (height, length and shape) and kinematics (translation and deformation) change with transport stage and suspension have not been examined. A series of experiments is presented where initial flow depth and grain size were held constant and the transport stage was varied to produce bedload dominated, mixed‐load dominated and suspended‐load dominated conditions. The results show that the commonly observed pattern in bedform aspect ratio occurs because bedform height increases then decreases with transport stage, against a continuously increasing bedform length. Bedform size variability increased with transport stage, leading to less uniform bedform fields at higher transport stage. Total translation‐related and deformation‐related sediment fluxes all increased with transport stage. However, the relative contribution to the total flux changed. At the bedload dominated stage, translation‐related and deformation‐related flux contributed equally to the total flux. As the transport stage increased, the fraction of the total load contributed by translation increased and the fraction contributed by deformation declined because the bedforms got bigger and moved faster. At the suspended‐load dominated transport stage, the deformation flux increased and the translation flux decreased as a fraction of the total load, approaching one and zero, respectively, as bedforms washed out to a plane bed. 相似文献
27.
Megan L. Hendershot Jeremy G. Venditti Ryan W. Bradley Ray A. Kostaschuk Michael Church Mead A. Allison 《Sedimentology》2016,63(3):743-760
Current understanding of bedform dynamics is largely based on field and laboratory observations of bedforms in steady flow environments. There are relatively few investigations of bedforms in flows dominated by unsteadiness associated with rapidly changing flows or tides. As a consequence, the ability to predict bedform response to variable flow is rudimentary. Using high‐resolution multibeam bathymetric data, this study explores the dynamics of a dune field developed by tidally modulated, fluvially dominated flow in the Fraser River Estuary, British Columbia, Canada. The dunes were dominantly low lee angle features characteristic of large, deep river channels. Data were collected over a field ca 1·0 km long and 0·5 km wide through a complete diurnal tidal cycle during the rising limb of the hydrograph immediately prior to peak freshet, yielding the most comprehensive characterization of low‐angle dunes ever reported. The data show that bedform height and lee angle slope respond to variable flow by declining as the tide ebbs, then increasing as the tide rises and the flow velocities decrease. Bedform lengths do not appear to respond to the changes in velocity caused by the tides. Changes in the bedform height and lee angle have a counterclockwise hysteresis with mean flow velocity, indicating that changes in the bedform geometry lag changes in the flow. The data reveal that lee angle slope responds directly to suspended sediment concentration, supporting previous speculation that low‐angle dune morphology is maintained by erosion of the dune stoss and crest at high flow, and deposition of that material in the dune trough. 相似文献
28.
29.
30.
Dasymetric Spatiotemporal Interpolation 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Jeremy Mennis 《The Professional geographer》2016,68(1):92-102
This research applies the principles of dasymetric mapping to spatiotemporal interpolation by extending the spatial concepts of zone and area to their temporal analogs of interval and duration, respectively. An example application of dasymetric spatiotemporal interpolation using crime event data is presented. Results indicate that dasymetric spatiotemporal interpolation significantly improves the accuracy of estimates over areal or duration weighting. In addition, even when dasymetric interpolation in either the spatial or temporal dimension is relatively weak, combining dasymetric estimation in both space and time dimensions simultaneously has the potential to amplify the accuracy of the overall dasymetric estimation. 相似文献