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51.
Birger Rasmussen Ian R. Fletcher Janet R. Muhling 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2011,162(6):1259-1277
Xenotime is a widespread accessory mineral in lower greenschist to upper amphibolite facies metasedimentary rocks from the
Palaeoproterozoic Mount Barren Group, southwestern Australia. Xenotime is closely associated with detrital zircon, commonly
forming syntaxial outgrowths, in samples of sandstone, micaceous quartzite, slate, phyllite, garnet-bearing semi-pelites,
and in kyanite-, garnet-, and staurolite-bearing mica schists. In situ geochronology of xenotime from lower greenschist sandstones
has previously yielded multiple U–Pb ages with peaks at ~2.0, ~1.7, and ~1.65 Ga, interpreted to represent the age of detritus,
early diagenesis, and a later thermal event, respectively. New U–Pb dating of xenotime in slate yields a major population
at ~1.7 Ga with a minor population at ~1.2 Ga, reflecting diagenetic and metamorphic growth, respectively, whereas xenotime
in phyllite forms a minor age population at ~1.7 Ga and a main peak at ~1.2 Ga. Mid-greenschist facies semi-pelitic schists
(quartz-muscovite-garnet) contain xenotime that formed before 1.8 Ga and at 1.2 Ga, representing detrital and peak metamorphic
ages, respectively. Xenotime in samples of amphibolite facies schist (650°C and ~8 kbars) yields U–Pb ages of ~1.2 Ga, coinciding
with the time of peak metamorphism. A single analysis of a xenotime core from an amphibolite facies schist gave an age of
~1.8 Ga, consistent with the presence of detrital xenotime. Our results suggest that detrital xenotime may be preserved under
greenschist facies conditions, but is largely replaced during upper amphibolite facies conditions. Detrital xenotime is replaced
through dissolution–reprecipitation reactions forming compositionally distinct rims during greenschist and amphibolite facies
metamorphism at 1.2 Ga. Diagenetic xenotime is present in lower greenschist facies samples, but was not observed in metasedimentary
rocks that had experienced temperatures above mid-greenschist facies metamorphism (450°C). The apparent disappearance of detrital
and diagenetic xenotime and appearance of metamorphic xenotime during prograde metamorphism indicates that some of the yttrium,
heavy rare earth elements, and phosphorus needed for metamorphic xenotime growth are probably derived from the replacement
of detrital and diagenetic xenotime. 相似文献
52.
Janet M. Hergt L. Paul Bédard Etienne Deloule Kathryn L. Linge Paul J. Sylvester Michael Wiedenbeck Jon D. Woodhead 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2005,29(1):5-52
The articles that comprise this critical review serve to draw attention to research papers published in specific fields of interest during 2003, provide critical comment on the relevance and importance of individual publications in these fields, and offer an overview of the comparative importance of advances in particular areas. In this way, these articles aim to assist experts in the field by keeping them informed of relevant recent publications, as well as providing an important resource for students or early career researchers who are embarking on studies in an area new to them. This year, five papers provide summaries of developments in bulk sample determinations employing (1) ICP-AES and ICP-MS (trace elements), (2) XRF and atomic absorption spectrometry and INAA, (3) isotope ratio measurements (TIMS, MC-ICP-MS, ICP-MS, ToF), as well as in situ measurements conducted using (4) secondary ion mass spectrometry and (5) laser ablation ICP-MS (trace element and isotope ratio determinations). 相似文献
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55.
Hu Dunxin Wang Fan Sprintall Janet Wu Lixin Riser Stephen Cravatte Sophie Gordon Arnold Zhang Linlin Chen Dake Zhou Hui Ando Kentaro Wang Jianing Lee Jae-Hak Hu Shijian Wang Jing Zhang Dongxiao Feng Junqiao Liu Lingling Villanoy Cesar Kaluwin Chalapan Qu Tangdong Ma Yixin 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2020,38(4):906-929
The Western Tropical Pacific(WTP) Ocean holds the largest area of warm water(28℃) in the world ocean referred to as the Western Pacific Warm Pool(WPWP),which modulates the regional and global climate through strong atmospheric convection and its variability.The WTP is unique in terms of its complex 3-D ocean circulation system and intensive multiscale variability,making it crucial in the water and energy cycle of the global ocean.Great advances have been made in understanding the complexity of the WTP ocean circulation and associated climate impact by the international scientific community since the 1960 s through field experiments.In this study,we review the evolving insight to the 3-D structure and multi-scale variability of the ocean circulation in the WTP and their climatic impacts based on in-situ ocean observations in the past decades,with emphasis on the achievements since 2000.The challenges and open que stions remaining are reviewed as well as future plan for international study of the WTP ocean circulation and climate. 相似文献
56.
Influences of the unsaturated,saturated, and riparian zones on the transport of nitrate near the Merced River,California, USA 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Joseph L. Domagalski Steven P. Phillips E. Randall Bayless Celia Zamora Carol Kendall Richard A. WildmanJr Janet G. Hering 《Hydrogeology Journal》2008,16(4):675-690
Transport and transformation of nitrate was evaluated along a 1-km groundwater transect from an almond orchard to the Merced River, California, USA, within an irrigated agricultural setting. As indicated by measurements of pore-water nitrate and modeling using the root zone water quality model, about 63% of the applied nitrogen was transported through a 6.5-m unsaturated zone. Transport times from recharge locations to the edge of a riparian zone ranged from approximately 6 months to greater than 100 years. This allowed for partial denitrification in horizons having mildly reducing conditions, and essentially no denitrification in horizons with oxidizing conditions. Transport times across a 50–100-m-wide riparian zone of less than a year to over 6 years and more strongly reducing conditions resulted in greater rates of denitrification. Isotopic measurements and concentrations of excess N2 in water were indicative of denitrification with the highest rates below the Merced River. Discharge of water and nitrate into the river was dependent on gradients driven by irrigation or river stage. The results suggest that the assimilative capacity for nitrate of the groundwater system, and particularly the riverbed, is limiting the nitrate load to the Merced River in the study area. 相似文献
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58.
A distinct genetic form of the eucalanid calanoid copepod Eucalanus hyalinus s.l. was identified in subtropical and temperate waters of the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Oceans. Results from mitochondrial (16S rRNA, COI) and nuclear (ITS2) genetic markers suggest that the two E. hyalinus forms are reproductively isolated. Eucalanus spinifer T. Scott is taken out of synonymy with E. hyalinus and is applied to the smaller of the two genetic forms, increasing the number of species in the genus Eucalanus to a total of six. Adult females of the sister species E. hyalinus s.s. and E. spinifer can be distinguished morphologically by the shape of the anterior portion of the head in lateral and ventral views, asymmetry in the length of antennule segments 22 and 23, length ratios of 22/5 and 23/5 of the longer of the antennules, the length of the caudal rami, and total body size, as measured by total length or prosome length. We illustrate and describe both adult females and males of E. spinifer, and discuss aspects of sexual dimorphism. The sister species are sympatric throughout much of their circumglobal biogeographic distributions, but appear to have centers of abundance in slightly different water mass types. 相似文献
59.
Stephanie Kusch Ole Bennike Bernd Wagner Matthias Lenz Ilona Steffen Janet Rethemeyer 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》2019,48(2):273-286
In this study, we use a combined biomarker and macrofossil approach to reconstruct the Holocene climate history recorded in Trifna Sø, Skallingen area, eastern North Greenland. Chronological information is derived from comparison of lithological, biogeochemical and macrofossil characteristics with a well‐dated record from nearby Lille Sneha Sø. Following local deglaciation around c. 8 cal. ka BP, the local peak warmth occurred between c. 7.4 and 6.2 cal. ka BP as indicated by maximum macrofossil abundances of warmth‐demanding plants (Salix arctica and Dryas integrifolia) and invertebrates (Daphnia pulex and Chironomidae). Warm conditions were dominated by terrestrial organic matter (OM) sedimentation as implied by the alkane‐based Paq ratio, but increased aquatic productivity is indicated when temperature was highest around 6.5 cal. ka BP. The n‐C29/n‐C31 alkane ratio shows that vegetation in the catchment was dominated by shrubs after deglaciation, but shifted towards relatively more grassy/herbaceous vegetation during peak warmth. After 5.4 cal. ka BP, the disappearance of warmth‐demanding plant and invertebrate macrofossils indicates cooling in the Skallingen area. This cooling was characterized by a significant shift towards dominance of aquatic OM sedimentation in Trifna Sø as implied by high Paq ratios. Cooling was also associated with a shift in vegetation type from dwarf‐shrub heaths towards relatively more herbaceous vegetation in the catchment, stronger erosion and more oligotrophic conditions in the lake. Our data show that mean air temperatures inferred using branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (brGDGTs) do not seem to accurately reflect the local climatic history. Irrespective of calibration, methylation of branched tetraethers (MBT) palaeothermometry cannot be reconciled with the macrofossil evidence and seems to be biased by either changing brGDGT sources (in situ vs. soil‐derived) or changing species assemblages and/or an unknown physiological response to changing environmental conditions at high latitude. 相似文献
60.
Natural Hazards - Ethnic and racial minority communities often suffer more from disasters due to a lack of access to resources from governmental agencies and other organizations that provide... 相似文献