扩展式开发战略与秦巴山区的开发*

本文以秦巴山区为例,论述了这类大范围山区应以扩展式的开发战略为宜。并重点研究了秦巴山区内部发展轴线的建立及其发展壮大的基本途径。     

Equations of motion of the moon retaining higher harmonics in the force function

u u u u uu smu um ¶rt;um ¶rt; a, s¶rt;a ¶rt;a ¶rt;u suu (n — mn, k — n¶rt;): saumauo n u: n=2, k=0; n=2, k=2; n=3, k=0, 1, 2, 3; n=4, k=0; n=4, k=3; saumau n : n=2, k=0; n=2, k=2; saumau n a: n=2, k=0.

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Dedicated to Prof. RNDr. Emil Buchar, DrSc., Corresponding Member of the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, on the Occasion of His 75^th Birthday     

A note on the effect of the elastic pre-deformation on the pressure changes of the remanent magnetization of basalts

Summary The irreversible changes of the remanent magnetization due to a uni-axial elastic deformation were measured on various pre-deformed samples of some basalts. The observed relations allow one to draw conclusions about the deformation history of the samples.     

The effect of the pollution of the ground layer of the atmosphere on the albedo

Summary A simple model is proposed suitable for studying the effect of the ground layer of the atmosphere, polluted by aerosol, on the albedo. This model is founded on solving the equation of transfer of radiative energy. The numerical results are discussed, particular attention being paid to the analysis of errors due to neglecting the multiple reflection of solar radiation on the aerosol particles. A method which would also include the multiple reflection is proposed, and the conditions under which the presence of the aerosol is responsible for an increase or decrease of the solar radiation balance on the Earth's surface, are analysed.     

Rare earth elements in tektites

Four moldavites and one sample each of an australite, billitonite, indochinite, philippinite, thailandite, Ivory Coast tektite, bediasite and a georgianite were analyzed using neutron activation analysis for La, Ce, Sm, Eu, Tb, Yb and Lu. The REE abundances resemble those of sedimentary rocks. Most of the tektites display a depletion of Eu, a characteristic feature of mature Phanerozoic continental sedimentary rocks. However, the Ivory Coast tektite and georgianite are relatively enriched in Eu, possibly due to the presence of plagioclase-rich source rocks.     

Experimental analysis of floored interstices in clastic carbonate sediments

Laboratory tests conducted in order to investigate some of the dynamic aspects of the formation of floored interstices are described. In essence, the experiments consist of pouring a suspension of fine-grained carbonate mud (powdered clams) onto a quantity of clam shells (fragments or whole ones) under water. Settling of the carbonate suspension leads to gravity differentation and internal sedimentation phenomena. The coarser fractions, settling the fastest, will accumulate in cavities provided by some of the hollow shells, or by hollows resulting from packing of the fragments, and may even accumulate on top of some of the shells. Inside individual shells floored interstices frequently exhibiting graded bedding, were formed. Sediment pyramids on top of some of the clam shells may also exhibit graded bedding, although not as frequently as internal sediments. Sedimentation pyramids are bordered by symmetrical sets of maximum-slope angles. Closely related to the phenomena taking place during settling from suspension, appeared to be the occurrence of narrow, more or less vertical channels of clear water streaming upwards through the settling suspension. Photographs record the textural changes taking place as the result of the introduction of mud suspensions into grain-supported sedimentary fabrics. Conclusions in regard with the palaeoenvironmental significance of the experiments conducted are given.     

Osprey reproductive success along Choptank River,Maryland

Reproductive success was determined for 275 osprey nesting attempts along the Choptank River, Maryland in 1972–79. Young were fledged from 64% of the nests, and 1.25 young fledged per occupied nest. This level of reproductive success was above that found in the same area in 1968–71, better than that observed in other portions of the United States including most other Chesapeake Bay tributaries, and within the estimate necessary for population stability. Human disturbance and environmental pollution reduced reproductive success.     

Velocity anisotropy and symmetry of dunite fabric

Summary From the space distribution of P- and S-wave velocities, determined at a hydrostatic pressure of 1 GPa, complete sets of elastic constants were calculated for the Twin Sisters dunite. It was found that orthorhombic symmetry is a reasonable approximation for the dunite sample; with one exception the deviations of the individual constants, determined from different waves, do not exceed a few percent. As a seismological application a simple model of a 120 km thick lithosphere, formed by the dunite, was considered for calculating the differences in the time arrivals of SV and SH waves. The greatest time differences, about 3s, were obtained in the vertical plane containing the direction of the greatest P-wave velocity, however, for the real lithosphere we estimate effects which only cause differences of the order of 1s.     

TheT e-T n difference in the lowerE region and radio-wave absorption

Summary The difference observed between the electron temperature, T _e , and the neutral atmosphere temperature, T _n , is shown to be able to contribute significantly to the observed variability of ionospheric radio-wave absorption (A1 andHF-A3 measurements).     

Expansion of a function given over an equipotential surface into spherical harmonics

¶rt;m ¶rt; uuauu uum auu uu, a¶rt;a a nmunmuaa, ¶rt; n uu u. aa, m u u ¶rt;um nmu, uu n¶rt; m nm, u aaaa u aa m nmua.