延边东部五道沟脉型白钨矿矿床地质特征及流体包裹体

延边东部五道沟矿床内的钨矿体主要呈平行脉状赋存于华力西晚期蚀变花岗闪长岩中,与相邻的杨金沟大型钨矿相比,具有矿脉数量少、单脉厚度大和品位高的特点;矿石中金属矿物以白钨矿为主,呈团块状、粗粒浸染状、细脉状产于石英脉及碎裂蚀变围岩中,具有热液脉型矿床的矿化特征。主成矿阶段形成的粗粒白钨矿及石英颗粒中主要发育气液两相包裹体,白钨矿颗粒中尚含少量的含CO₂三相包裹体。石英中气液两相包裹体均一温度主要介于171.2～268.0℃,热液盐度(w(NaCl))为0.70%～10.74%;白钨矿中气液两相包裹体的均一温度变化范围为209.6～253.3℃,热液盐度为1.39%～8.67%;白钨矿中2个含CO₂三相包裹体完全均一温度分别为287.2℃和294.7℃。结合单个包裹体气相组分分析,认为五道沟白钨矿矿床的成矿流体为中温、低盐度的NaCl-H₂O-CO₂体系,并含一定数量的N₂等气体。该矿床与杨金沟大型钨矿综合对比表明：两矿床具有相似的成矿地质背景和控矿条件,围岩蚀变、矿石矿物组成、矿石组构及白钨矿赋存状态等矿化特征基本相同,不同赋矿围岩中含矿构造性质不同应是两矿区钨矿体形态、产状和规模差异的主控因素。     

全国1∶100万地质图空间数据库建设进展

地质图空间数据库的建立对于基础地质图件的快速更新、信息资源共享以及基础地质科学研究具有重要意义。全国1∶100万地质图空间数据库(2005年版本)是以1∶50万地质图数据库为基础,充分吸收近年来1∶25万、1∶5万区域地质调查的新资料新成果,应用当代最先进的地质科学理论、现代信息技术和先进制图学理论,使用中国自主开发的MapGIS平台,结合ArcGIS、Access等软件进行研究建立的。数据库包括地理底图库、地质图库、元数据库、外挂岩石地层库,数据量约1.6GB。数据库管理系统具有较强的图幅检索、查询、自动成图、自动生成图例等功能。     

Production and Certification of Synthetic Selenium Isotopic Reference Materials

Due to intensive research into selenium isotopes in recent years, the increasing requirement for reliable and comparable measurement results has created a strong demand for selenium isotopic certified reference materials (iCRM) that were previously not available. To address this, eleven selenium iCRMs were developed, including ten synthetic iCRMs (GBW 04447–GBW 04456) and one natural iCRM (GBW 04457). The synthetic iCRMs were prepared with ⁷⁶Se, ⁷⁸Se, ⁸⁰Se and ⁸²Se solutions and a natural selenium solution; the natural iCRM was prepared with highly pure selenium material. The property values of isotope ratios in these iCRMs were certified by calibrated mass spectrometry with a collision cell multi‐collector ICP‐MS. The mass discrimination effect of the instrument was corrected with corresponding ⁷⁸Se/⁷⁶Se isotope mixtures and ⁸²Se/⁷⁶Se isotope mixtures, which were gravimetrically prepared with purified, isotopically enriched selenium materials. Homogeneity and stability tests were performed, and no significant influences were found. The uncertainty of the property values of the iCRMs was evaluated according to the Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM) of ISO/BIPM and ISO Guide 35. The δ^82/76Se value of GBW 04457 relative to NIST SRM 3149 was also calculated. These iCRMs are intended for use in calibration of instruments and evaluation of methods for the determination of selenium isotope ratios.     

混流式转轮中流场的大涡模拟

建立了基于微可压缩流体理论的相对运动的大涡模拟方法,并对混流式转轮流场进行了三维非恒定粘性数值模拟,计算方法采用了有限体积法和预测-校正方法,对固体边壁的处理使用了“壁函数”法。得到了混流式转轮的三维速度场和压力分布,与k-ε模型计算结果进行比较表明,所建立的相对运动的大涡模拟方法对转轮性能预测更加精确、合理,对转轮改型设计具有十分重要的参考价值。     

Ore-forming Fluid Characteristics of the Saishitang Cu-polymetallic Deposit in Qinghai Province, China

Saishitang Cu-polymetallic deposit is located in the southeast section of Late Paleozoic arcfold in the southeastern margin of Qaidam platform. Accoring to the geological process of the deposit,four mineralization episodes were identified: melt/fluid coexisting period(O),skarn period(A),first sulfide period(B) and second sulfide period(C),and 10 stages were finally subdivided. Three types of inclusions were classified in seven stages,namely crystal bearing inclusions(type I),aqueous inclusions(type II) and pure liquid inclusions(type III). Type I and II inclusions were observed in stage O1,having homogenization temperature from 252 to 431°C,and salinities ranging from 24.3% to 48.0%. Type I inclusion was present in stage A1,having homogenization temperature from 506 to 548°C,and salinities ranging from 39.4% to 44.6%. In stage B1,type II and III inclusions were observed,with homogenization temperature concentrating between 300–400°C,and salinities from 0.4% to 4.3%. Type II inclusions were present in stage B2,with homogenization temperature varying from 403 to 550°C. In stage C1,type I and II inclusion commonly coexisted,and constituted a boiling inclusion group,having homogenization temperatures at 187–463°C,and salinities in a range of 29.4%–46.8% and 2.2%–11.0%. Type II and III inclusions were developed in stage C2,having homogenization temperature at 124–350°C,and salinities ranging between 1.6% and 15.4%. In stage C3,type II and III inclusions were presented,with a homogenization temperature range of 164–360°C,and salinities varying from 4.0% to 11.0%. The results of micro-thermal analysis show that fluids are characterized by high temperature and high salinity in stage O1 and A1,and experienced slight decrease in temperature and dramatic decrease in salinity in stage B1 and B2. In stage C1,the salinity of fluid increased greatly and a further decrease of temperature and salinity occurred in stage C2 and C3. Fluids boiled in stage C1. With calculated pressure of 22 MPa from the trapping temperature of 284–289°C,a mineralization depth of 2.2 km was inferred. Results of Laser Raman Spectroscopy show high density of H2 O,CH4 and CO2 were found as gas composition. H-O isotope study indicates the oreforming fluids were the mixture of magmatic water and meteoric water. Physicochemical parameters of fluids show oxygen and sulfur fugacity experienced a decrease,and redox state is weakly reducing. Along with fluid evolution,oxidation has increased slightly. Comprehensive analysis shows that melt exsolution occurred during the formation of quartz diorite and that metal elements existed and migrated in the form of chlorine complex. Immiscible fluid separation and boiling widely occurred after addition of new fluids,bringing about dissociation of chlorine-complex,resulting in a great deal of copper precipitation. In conclusion,Saishitang deposit,controlled by regional tectonics,is formed by metasomatism between highly fractionated mineralization rock body and wall rock,and belongs to banded skarn Cu-polymetallic deposit.     

重点行业企业用地调查中的难点及工作建议

重点行业企业用地调查是落实我国《土壤污染防治行动计划》重要基础性工作.此调查工作目前已开展基础信息采集和初步采样调查两个阶段,信息采集工作为初步采样调查提供地块名单,两者承上启下.调查工作存在的难点主要为地块历史生产活动不明确,导致调查时重点区域及特征污染物的遗漏;调查人员专业水平不均一,对于生产工艺较复杂的地块,难免...     

青岛地区海雾分布及大气边界层条件分析

青岛地区海雾多发,观测表明海雾对沿海地区影响范围不尽相同,特别是海雾影响内陆的机理尚缺乏研究。本文利用观测资料及数值模式统计了青岛地区4月-7月海雾分布特征,并对不同影响范围海雾典型个例进行对比分析,结果表明:海雾发生日数自沿海向内陆递减。胶州湾沿岸雾日数比黄海沿岸明显减少,胶州湾东北部的雾日数要少于胶州湾西北部。海雾多发生于高空形势稳定,低层偏南流场的天气条件下。大气边界层内逆温层的的范围大致影响着海雾的分布。只影响沿海的海雾,地面为偏南风,风速在3~8 m/s之间,内陆风力减弱不明显。500 m以下大气边界层内风速切变大。湍流作用使海雾向内陆推进过程中倾斜抬升为低云,地面雾区减弱。能够影响内陆地区的海雾,多出现在地面风力较弱的情况之下,大部分在1~3 m/s之间。500 m以下大气边界层内风速切变小,大气边界层内湍流强度不强,使沿海到内陆的逆温层能够始终维持,沿海海雾在弱南风影响下延伸影响内陆地区。     

利用经验模态分解的侧扫声纳噪声抑制方法

针对海道测量中侧扫声纳声强数据中的噪声问题,分析侧扫声纳海底杂波的统计模型,提出基于ping数据的经验模态分解抑制噪声方法。结果表明,从ping声强数据中减掉周期小于4的模态后,声强数据可较好地服从Gamma分布,并保持声图中的细节信息。     

岩体波速与坝基岩体变形模量关系

岩体变形模量是岩体工程设计最重要的参数之一,尽管其可以通过各种现场试验来获得,但因其耗时、费力、投资大,使得许多中小型工程及大型工程的初步设计阶段无法通过试验来得到这一参数。因此,许多研究者建立了诸多岩体变形模量与岩体物理力学参数或岩体质量分级之间的相关关系,如岩体变形模量与RQD、RMR分级、Q分级、岩体纵波速度等之间的关系,从而利用这些关系估算岩体变形模量。总结了已有估算岩体变形模量的各种方法,讨论了其应用条件及预测结果,重点分析了利用岩体纵波速度估算岩体变形模量的方法及存在的问题,并以玛尔挡坝址为实例,建立了相关预测公式。通过与已有估算方法的对比研究,阐明了各种方法预测结果的异同,表明其建立的估算公式与Barton等公式具有较好的一致性,可以用来估算岩体的变形模量     

基于灰色关联与模糊数学的重力式挡土墙震害评估

龙门山地区强震荷载导致大量已建边坡支挡结构严重受损,如何对震区受损挡土墙进行震害评估成为亟待解决的技术难点。本文首先通过对研究区挡土墙的震害分析,总结出其主要破坏模式包括滑移破坏、沉降破坏、倾覆破坏、墙身破坏以及越顶破坏5类。然后根据全面性、重要性以及科学性原则对影响震害评价的因子进行定性分析和分类,并结合挡墙的破坏模式,综合分析得到挡土墙安全评估的敏感性因子和一般因子。将震害范围60%作为挡墙评价的敏感性因子,而一般因子分为两级共10个指标,包括:滑移距离,沉降深度,倾斜角度,裂缝数量,裂缝长度比,开裂深度比,开裂宽度,错动距离,垮塌范围,覆盖范围。最后,采用灰色关联分析与模糊数学理论相结合的方法构建挡土墙震害评估体系,从而变事后处理为事先预防,为灾后恢复重建服务。