胶州湾环流和污染扩散数值模拟Ⅳ胶州湾变边界模型

胶州湾的潮滩面积约占高潮水域面积的三分之一．因而模拟包括潮滩在内的潮汐运动过程将能更好地重现这一实际的物理现象。为此．本文采用变动边界模型处理潮滩区域．并得到优于固定边界模型的计算结果。     

赫崇本教授——我国海洋科学的先驱组织者

赫崇本,物理海洋学教授,现任山东海洋学院教授兼副院长。赫崇本一九○八年九月三十日生于辽宁省凤城县杨木区前进村一个满族家里,一九三二年夏毕业于清华大学理学院物理系;一九四三年赴美国加省理工学院和加州斯库里普斯海洋研究所专攻气象学和海洋学,获哲学博士学位。解放前,赫崇本曾先后任天津河北工学院教师、烟台益文中学教员、南开中学教员、清华大学物理系助教、昆明西南联大讲师。中华人民共和国成立以后,历任山东大学海洋系教授兼系主任、山东海洋学院教授、教务长和副院长等职。他还兼任中国海洋湖沼学会副理事长、中国科学院海洋研究所学术委员、南海海洋研究所学术顾问、“中国科学”编委、“大百科全书”海洋学卷副主编等职。赫崇本一九五六年加入中国共产党,曾当选为     

珠江口沉积物酸挥发性硫化物与重金属生物毒性的研究

研究了2003年10月采于珠江口5个站位的沉积物剖面酸挥发性硫化物(AVS)和同时提取的重金属(SEM:Pb,Zn,Cu,Cd,Ni)。其中,站位1、2位于中滩,其沉积物的AVS含量变化范围较小,为0.25—4.06μmol.g-1;站位3、4位于西滩,其沉积物的AVS含量变化范围较大,为0—26.09μmol.g-1。中滩和西滩沉积物的AVS含量均随深度增加。西滩表层沉积物的AVS含量接近于零,这可能与该水域较强的底层流和沉积物的再悬浮作用有关。站位5位于珠江口外侧,其表层沉积物的AVS含量相对较高,且垂向变化较小,可能是还原性沉积物间歇性再悬浮后重新沉积的结果。站位1、2和5沉积物中同时提取的重金属含量大体在0.95±0.2μmol.g-1范围内,随深度增加略呈下降趋势;而西滩沉积物重金属含量相对较高,为1.43—2.42μmol.g-1,且在一定深度范围内随深度增加呈明显下降的趋势,表明珠江口西滩沉积物中的重金属污染有加重的趋势。对AVS/SEM摩尔比值和单个金属的毒性效应研究显示,珠江口内尤其是西滩的表层沉积物存在重金属污染,对其中生活的底栖生物具有潜在的毒性效应。     

Cloning of cytochrome P450 1A (CYP1A) genes from the hermaphrodite fish Rivulus marmoratus and the Japanese medaka Oryzias latipes

To use two small fish Rivulus marmoratus (Cyprinodontiformes, Rivulidae) and the Japanese medaka Oryzias latipes (Belloniformes) as testing models in molecular ecotoxicology, we have cloned the cytochrome P450 1A (CYP1A) gene after screening of both genomic DNA libraries, and sequenced 11,863 and 7,243 bp including all the exons and introns with promoter regions, respectively. The Rivulus and the medaka CYP1A gene consisted of seven exons (including non-coding exons) with high homology to mammals. In the promoter region, Rivulus CYP1A gene has seven xenobiotic response elements (XREs) and two metal response elements (MREs), while the Japanese medaka CYP1A gene has six XREs and four MREs. Interestingly, medaka CYP1A gene has a number of MREs at the promoter, which may affect its response on metal exposure. We describe here the gene structure of both fish CYP1A genes.     

海底甲烷逸出处碳酸盐结核的形成

在库页岛东北岛坡出现甲烷水合物的地方，发现碳酸盐结核。提出了碳酸盐结核化学形成硫酸盐还原与甲烷生成作用使孔隙水呈现高碱性，是查出产生结核的必要预备阶段。借助甲烷将溶解于孔隙水中的二氧化碳气体排出，是形成结核的必须条件。     

Mussels document loss of bioavailable polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and the return to baseline conditions for oiled shorelines in Prince William Sound, Alaska

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) were measured in mussels (Mytilus trossulus) collected between 1990 and 2002 from 11 sites on the shores of Prince William Sound (PWS), Alaska, that were heavily oiled by the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill (EVOS). This study, utilizing the methods of the NOAA Status and Trends Mussel Watch Program, found that concentrations of PAH released from spill remnants have decreased dramatically with time and by 2002 were at or near the range of total PAH (TPAH) of 3-355 ng/g dry weight obtained for mussels from unoiled reference sites in PWS. Time-series TPAH data indicate a mean TPAH half-life in mussel tissues of 2.4 years with a range from 1.4 to 5.3, yielding an annual mean loss of bioaccumulated TPAH of 25%. The petroleum-derived TPAH fraction in mussel tissues has decreased with time, reflecting the decreasing release of EVOS residues in shoreline sediments. These results show that PAH from EVOS residues that remain buried in shoreline sediments after the early 1990s are in a form and at locations that have a low accessibility to mussels living in the intertidal zone.     

上海潮滩沉积物重金属的动力学累积特征

１９９３年７－８月，在上海长江口南岸和杭州湾北岸淤泥质潮滩不同地貌部位，采集表层沉积物和柱状沉积物样品，采用筛析法，离心法、火焰原子吸收法，＾２１０Ｐｂ法等分别对沉积物粒度、重金属总量，不同粒级重金属含量以及沉积速率等进行了和测定。结果表明，潮滩沉积物重金属的空间分布格局并不受沿岸排污的直接影响，而与沉积动力作用密切相关。在水动力条件较弱的淤涨岸段和高潮滩部位，伴随着细颗粒起泥沙的大量堆积，Ｃｕ，