Macrobenthos habitat mapping in a tidal flat using remotely sensed data and a GIS-based probabilistic model

This paper proposes and tests a method of producing macrofauna habitat potential maps based on a weights-of-evidence model (a probabilistic approach) for the Hwangdo tidal flat, Korea. Samples of macrobenthos were collected during field work, and we considered five mollusca species for habitat mapping. A weights-of-evidence model was used to calculate the relative weights of 10 control factors that affect the macrobenthos habitat. The control factors were compiled as a spatial database from remotely sensed data combined with GIS analysis. The relative weight of each factor was integrated as a species potential index (SPI), which produced habitat potential maps. The maps were compared with the surveyed habitat locations, revealing a strong correlation between the potential maps and species locations. The combination of a GIS-based weights-of-evidence model and remote sensing techniques is an effective method in determining areas of macrobenthos habitat potential in a tidal flat setting.     

中国庐山第四纪沉积砾石的显微构造系统及地质环境动力学分析

经过多年的区域地质调查和第四纪环境演变的分析, 对庐山芦林盆地大校场谷口剖面松散沉积物中变形砾石进行岩石显微构造学的研究。发现变形砾石内部存在特殊的微裂隙组构, 呈现出错裂-横裂-劈裂-爆裂-复裂-应力矿物等的复杂组合, 其结构面特征反映出显微构造形迹的力学性质是互为转变的。通过物理模型分析和试验变形比对等综合材料证明, 变形砾石是遭受了既密集、又分散、还具有同时发生作用的长时期的多边界外力条件及平衡力系, 内部形成破裂其应力传递过程和性质改变与变形形迹转变及其做功连续扩展, 是由低于疲劳极限的具有脉动性作用微弱应力造成的。地球陆表过程和地质环境要素及其动力学机制的研究认为, 只有第四纪晚期地质事件的低温、低应力及其分散密集的多颗粒平衡力系的缓慢长期及间歇脉动作用的边界条件才能满足、符合及形成这种特殊的岩石变形构造, 为中国东部山地可能遭受第四纪冰冻环境及冰川作用提供了新的科学证据。     

查瓦里茨基岩石化学成分计算及火成岩化学成分分类的FORTRAN语言源程序设计

岩石化学计算的内容庞杂,工作量大,且人为误差大.采用现代化大型电子计算机处理,既迅速又准确,省时省力,是地质科学现代化的重要手段. 本程序采用FORTRAN语言,在国产441B-Ⅲ机上检通并进行运算.计算过程中的20余项参数均打印在输出纸页上,清晰直观,表册整洁,易于阅读与保存.单个样品的计算时间约为8秒,清除了人为误差,理论误差也在最低限度.     

Nitrogen loads to estuaries from waste water plumes: modeling and isotopic approaches

We developed, and applied in two sites, novel methods to measure ground water-borne nitrogen loads to receiving estuaries from plumes resulting from land disposal of waste water treatment plant (WWTP) effluent. In addition, we quantified nitrogen losses from WWTP effluent during transport through watersheds. WWTP load to receiving water was estimated as the difference between total measured ground water-transported nitrogen load and modeled load from major nitrogen sources other than the WWTP. To test estimated WWTP loads, we applied two additional methods. First, we quantified total annual waste water nitrogen load from watersheds based on nitrogen stable isotopic signatures of primary producers in receiving water. Second, we used published data on ground water nitrogen concentrations in an array of wells to estimate dimensions of the plume and quantify the annual mass of nitrogen transported within the plume. Loss of nitrogen during transport through the watershed was estimated as the difference between the annual mass of nitrogen applied to watersheds as treatment plant effluent and the estimated nitrogen load reaching receiving water. In one plume, we corroborated our estimated nitrogen loss in watersheds using data from multiple-level sampling wells to calculate the loss of nitrogen relative to a conservative tracer. The results suggest that nitrogen from the plumes is discharging to the estuaries but that substantial nitrogen loss occurs during transport through the watersheds. The measured vs. modeled and stable isotopic approaches, in comparison to the plume mapping approach, may more reliably quantify ground water-transported WWTP loads to estuaries.     

罗布泊荒漠地区湖泊蒸发盐资源的形成及环境演化

通过地球卫星遥感资料和地面调查以及化学测试等综合研究, 证实罗布泊地区存在大型现代液体钾盐矿床. 用钻探材料及系统分析方法重建了20 ka BP以来湖泊沉积序列和环境物性柱剖面, 用天然水体五元体系稳定相图讨论了古湖泊湖水及现代湖水的饱和流结晶路线及成盐成矿演化趋势. 结果证明, 液体钾盐矿床的分布及成钾成矿环境受现代地壳运动作用下新生地堑构造系统的控制.     

青藏高原腹地湖泊沉积纪录的“仙女木期”古气候颤动事件

通过对青藏高原腹地钻孔岩心剖面的最新研究,用层序地层学与年代地层学和气候地层学相结合的方法,分辨出可可西里地区苟弄措湖泊沉积记录(孔深7.25 m)约30 ka BP以来的古气候变化,并在孔深3.32～1.98 m处识别出“仙女本期”的3个气候颤动事件,即:①老仙女术事件(孔深3.32～2.62 m);②中仙女本事件(孔深2.62～2.43 m);③新仙女本事件(孔深2.43～1.98 m)。这3个气候颤动事件都是以冷干时段开始、以冷湿时段结束的,并有越向后期其冷干的时段越长的变化趋势,而其后的冷湿时段却具有等时的变化趋势。岩心沉积物的有机碳、有机氮和磁化率以及化学元素含量的变化,都与仙女本期气候变化具有十分吻合的变化态势。仙女术期气候在湖泊沉积物中的响应,在青藏高原环境演化中还是首次发现,为研究第四纪末次冰期冰消期以来的气候变化提供了新的信息。