“双碳”目标下长江中游城市群生态福利绩效演变及驱动机制研究

生态福利绩效是探析自然生态与人类福利关系、衡量生态文明建设的重要工具。论文运用Super-SBM模型测度2005—2020年长江中游城市群市域尺度生态福利绩效,在识别其时空演变特征的基础上,运用面板Tobit模型探讨驱动生态福利绩效演变的因子,最后在“碳达峰、碳中和”目标下揭示其演变的驱动机制。研究发现： ① 2005—2020年长江中游城市群生态福利绩效呈现出“缓慢衰退→波动→快速发展”的演变特征;② 长江中游城市群生态福利绩效总体上呈“核心—外围”态势,武汉城市圈、环长株潭城市群、环鄱阳湖城市群交界处“中部塌陷”特征明显;③ 长江中游城市群生态福利绩效时空演变是在技术进步、环境规制、产业结构、人口集聚、发展共享、对外开放等多因子循环累积和共同推动下形成的,存在内源转化与外源驱动双重作用路径,并且与碳排放强度密切相关。在“双碳”目标下揭示生态福利绩效时空演变及驱动机制,有助于厘清自然生态与人类福利的转化机理以及生态福利绩效与碳排放的作用关系,可为城市群高质量发展和生态文明建设提供参考。     

青海北川河流域径流变化的机理研究——基于模型和统计两种方法

气候变化和下垫面变化是影响河道径流的两大驱动力,研究两者对径流的影响有利于深入理解流域水文过程,为水资源管理提供科学依据。鉴于利用不同方法获得的结果存在一定程度的差异,有必要使用多种方法进行交叉验证。论文基于Budyko水量平衡法和新增水库模块的分布式水文模型(DHSVM)法量化了气候变化和下垫面变化对青海省北川河流域径流变化的贡献。结果表明：① 自1960年以来流域出口流量以每年0.037 m³/s的趋势下降,突变年份发生在1969年。② 2种方法的分析结果均表明,年代际尺度上,气候变化对径流影响的贡献率由高到低依次为：1990—1999年>2000—2009年>1970—1979年>1980—1989年=2010—2019年,且下垫面变化是1970—2019年流域出口径流变化的主导因素,对应的贡献率分别为94.58% (Budyko法)和65.68% (DHSVM法)。③ Budyko方法只能揭示流域整体的变化,而DHSVM方法能够体现水文过程变化的时空差异,模型结果表明上中游、下游地区的年平均径流变化分别受气候变化、下垫面变化主导;流域出口处月径流变化则对下垫面条件中的水库调节更敏感。此外,文中就2种方法量化结果差异的原因也展开了讨论。     

细分移动互联网地理信息服务，构建宜居数字世界生活

移动互联网的发展在短时间内为地理信息带来了数亿用户,个人用户的增加,对地理信息提出了新的技术要求;地理信息界在努力,信息领域企业也在从信息基础设施角度向地理信息应用方向拓展,形成了目前信息技术企业与地理信息企业相向开发的局面;地理信息用户和行业的快速扩张,对行业管理提出了更高要求,需要许可认证、市场范围秩序维持等新的手段;地理信息有了与能力相适应的角色需要。以服务数字世界、打造虚拟社会中的宜居生活为目标,做好粘结剂,实现现实世界与数字世界的互动。     

基于Silverlight的区域变迁演示系统的设计

各民族、各国家的区域范围在不同的发展时期大小不一。本文提出了基于Silverlight的区域变迁演示系统设计,以江东六十四屯区域演变为例,基于Silverlight,Bing Maps,Sql Server,Visual Studio.NET等关键技术与软件平台,将历史、地理知识与测绘地理信息高度结合,设计出表现力丰富、交互能力强的区域变迁演示系统,实现让单一的历史地图以生动活泼的新面貌向世人展示等功能。     

A multi‐proxy sediment record of late Holocene and recent climate change from a lake near Ny‐Ålesund,Svalbard

Jiang, S., Liu, X., Sun, J., Yuan, L., Sun, L. & Wang, Y. 2011: A multi‐proxy sediment record of late Holocene and recent climate change from a lake near Ny‐Ålesund, Svalbard. Boreas, Vol. 40, pp. 468–480. 10.1111/j.1502‐3885.2010.00198.x. ISSN 0300‐9483 The Arctic constitutes a unique and important environment with a significant role in the dynamics and evolution of the earth system. Arctic lake sediments, which accumulate slowly over time, contain abundant information about the biological communities that lived within the water body, as well as in the surrounding catchment. In this study, we collected a sediment core from Ny‐Ålesund, Svalbard, performed multi‐proxy analyses on sediment pigments, mineral magnetic susceptibility, various sediment quality (i. e. organic matter content, CaCO₃ content, carbon and nitrogen isotope), and diatom composition, and reconstructed the history of ecosystem responses to environmental variations, especially regarding aquatic productivity and lake catchment surface processes. Ny‐Ålesund has undergone distinct ecological and climatic changes. During the Little Ice Age, the cold climate was unfavourable for the growth of lake algae, and therefore the lake primary productivity declined. After about AD 1890 and during the 20th century, the warming climate and reduced ice cover led to rapid lithological change and growth of lake algae, enhanced lake primary productivity, and increased input of nutrients derived from increased chemical weathering into the lake. The lake ecosystem on Ny‐Ålesund has had rapid responses to climatic and environmental changes in the Arctic.     

城市生活垃圾生物转化乙醇初探

针对生活垃圾中的可利用成分,经酶水解后,利用筛选酵母菌对水解液进行乙醇发酵。通过正交实验得出最优水解条件为:pH值为5.5、加入纤维素酶8 mg、淀粉酶6 mg、水5 mL,65℃水解40 min。确定AQ菌作为最优菌种进行乙醇发酵实验。分别选取接种量、pH值、温度等因素进行单因子实验,讨论其对乙醇产量的影响。条件实验中,每克干生活垃圾最大产乙醇量为148.37 mg。     

三维激光扫描技术在装配式架线施工中的应用

架线施工在送变电工程中是非常重要的一个环节,传统方式是采用弧垂法,但是效率很低,无法在跨越高速或高铁普及的条件下应用,需要应用装配式架线技术,目前经过验证的是通过全站仪配合棱镜测量的方式,但是也存在安全隐患。本文结合实际项目,探索研究三维激光扫描技术在装配式架线施工中的应用。     

Response of runoff to climate change in the area of runoff yield in upstream Shiyang River Basin,Northwest China: A case study of the Xiying River

The objective of this study was to analyze the response of runoff in the area of runoff yield of the upstream Shiyang River basin to climate change and to promote sustainable development of regional water resources and ecological environment. As the biggest tributary of the Shiyang River, Xiying River is the only hydrological station (Jiutiaoling) that has provincial natural river and can achieve long time series monitoring data in the basin. The data obtained from this station is representative of natural conditions because it has little human activites. This study built a regression model through identifying the characteristics of runoff and climate change by using Mann-Kendall nonparametric statistical test, cumulative anomaly, and correlation analysis. The results show that the average annual runoff is 320.6 million m³/a with the coefficient of variation of 0.18 and shows slightly decrease during 1956–2020. It has a significant positive correlation the average annual precipitation (P<0.01). Runoff is sensitive to climate change, and the climate has becoming warm and wet and annual runoff has entering wet period from 2003. Compared to the earlier period (1955–2000), the increases of average annual temperature, precipitation and runoff in recent two decades were 15%, 9.3%, and 7.8%, respectively. Runoff in the Shiyang River is affected by temperature and precipitation among climate factors, and the simulation results of the runoff-climate response model (R = 0.0052P ? 0.1589T + 2.373) indicate that higher temperature leads to a weakening of the ecological regulation of surface runoff in the flow-producing area.     

南海北部琼东南盆地第四系陆架边缘轨迹迁移及深水沉积模式

陆架边缘迁移轨迹综合受控于构造、物源、海平面和气候等多种因素,其迁移演化与深水沉积体系发育关系密切。陆架边缘迁移规律及沉积物输送体制与深水砂体预测是当前国际地学领域的热点议题。本文通过基于琼东南盆地新采集的高精度地震资料,定量表征了第四系陆架边缘轨迹,识别了低角度缓慢上升型、中等角度上升型和高角度急剧上升型等3类陆架边缘轨迹类型。2.4 Ma以来,陆架边缘轨迹时空演化可分为3个阶段且具有侧向差异性:2.4~1.9 Ma以低角度缓慢上升型为主,1.9~0.8 Ma西北部以低角度缓慢上升型为主,东北部则以中等角度上升型为主,0.8 Ma至今西北部以中等角度上升型为主,东北部以高角度急剧上升型为主。琼东南盆地第四系陆架边缘迁移轨迹研究表明:当陆架边缘轨迹角0°<α<4°时,陆坡区峡谷规模较小且下切浅,深海平原区发育多期大型海底扇沉积,块体搬运沉积(MTDs)较少;当4°<α<35°时,陆坡区峡谷规模有所增加,深海平原区海底扇沉积与块体搬运沉积均有出现;当35°<α<90°时,陆坡区峡谷发育较少但下切深,深水平原区沉积以大型块体搬运沉积为主,海底扇几乎不发育。琼东南盆地更新世以来气温不断下降,以及东亚冬季风的显著增强,物源供给增强加之海平面的下降进而导致了西北部陆架边缘表现为进积特征;研究区东北部的断裂活动频繁以及物源供给弱,导致了研究区东北部陆坡推进距离远远小于研究区西北部且发育多期次块体搬运沉积物。以上认识对南海北部陆架边缘体系及深水扇预测具有一定的理论意义。     

Shaking table test of subgrade slope reinforced by gravity retaining wall with geogrids

Gravity retaining wall with geogrids has showed excellent seismic performance from Wenchuan great earthquake. However, seismic damage mechanism of this kind of wall is not sufficiently clear. In view of this, a large shaking table test of the gravity retaining wall with geogrids to reinforce the subgrade slope was carried out, and based on the Hilbert-Huang transform and the marginal spectrum theory, the energy identification method of the slope dynamic failure mode was studied. The results show that the geogrids can effectively reduce displacement and rotation of the retaining wall, and it can effectively absorb the energy of the ground movement when combined with the surrounding soil. In addition, it also reveals the failure development of the gravity retaining wall with geogrids to reinforce the subgrade slope. The damage started in the deep zone near the geogrids, and then gradually extended to the surface of the subgrade slope and other zones, finally formed a continuous failure surface along the geogrids. The analysis results of the failure mode identified by the Hilbert marginal spectrum are in good consistency with the experimental results, which prove that the Hilbert marginal spectrum can be applied to obtain the seismic damage mechanism of slope.