电磁波CT技术在济南地铁岩溶勘察中的应用

随着城市化进程的加速,济南城市轨道交通近年来发展迅速,地铁成为济南未来交通主要建设方向之一。作为泉城,岩溶是济南泉水补给、径流的重要通道,在济南地区普遍发育,但同时岩溶问题也是地铁施工的难点,因此,查明地铁线路下岩溶的发育程度至关重要。与南方岩溶的“大尺寸”相比,济南地区的岩溶尺寸要小得多,且多成蜂窝状、裂隙状,在空间上也无明显规律可循,这对物探工作的分辨率就提出了较高的要求。该次研究区域是地铁2号线任家庄站到腊山站沿刘长山路区间段。经初步探查,该区间段存在多处岩溶且线路地处闹区,车流量大,管线复杂。为了研究该区岩溶发育情况,该次采用电磁波CT技术对区内岩溶进行了探测,通过对区域内地质介质电磁波吸收系数差异的研究,结合钻探资料进行对比,推断出岩溶区吸收系数的取值区间;最后对推断的岩溶区进行钻探取样,验证了物探与钻探的吻合程度。该方法在岩溶勘察中取得了良好的效果,为济南地铁设计及施工提供可靠的依据。     

矢量瓦片并行构建与分布式存储模型研究

矢量瓦片体积小、生成效率高、支持动态交互,较传统栅格瓦片有诸多优势,是下一代互联网地图服务研究的重点。为了解决当前矢量瓦片研究中处理速度慢,扩展性差等问题,本文利用并行计算框架Spark进行矢量瓦片快速构建,通过自定义转换函数,将原始矢量数据GeoJson转换成mvt瓦片集;对于生成的矢量瓦片集,本文基于分布式内存文件系统Alluxio设计一个瓦片存储模型-VectorTileStore,模型以键值对进行数据存储,瓦片元数据占据前八个键值对,单个瓦片占据一个键值对,在数据写入的同时,基于键构建一个哈希索引,用于快速访问,模型兼容海量瓦片的组织存储,具有很强的扩展性。通过实验结果表明,本文提出的矢量瓦片并行构建算法较单机构建算法运行时间平均减少49.6%,分布式存储模型VectorTileStore较传统方案更适合海量矢量瓦片存储,存取时间效率更高。     

利用GPS TEC探测2015年尼泊尔地震激发的电离层扰动

利用尼泊尔周边区域6个IGS GPS跟踪站数据,对2015-04-25尼泊尔地震激发的电离层扰动进行分析。结果表明,地震发生后,尼泊尔上空电离层总电子含量（total electron content,TEC）存在不同频率的电离层扰动,扰动中心频率约为3 mHz和4 mHz。前者发生在震中附近1 000 km左右的范围,后者范围达2 000 km,推断其分别为地震破裂产生的声重波信号以及瑞利波向上传播到电离层所激发的异常扰动信号。联合两个频率扰动信号,根据观测的扰动位置以及经验扰动速度反演震中位置,结果与实际情况符合较好。     

Mineral occurrence for Dachang gold deposit and its impact on gold recovery rate in Qumarleb County,Qinghai

Based on X-ray diffraction, optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy analysis of the Dachang gold ore, it is showed that the sulfide of ore is the main carrier minerals of gold. A majority of gold is embedded in pyrite and tetrahedrite as the form of inclusion and a small amount intergrowth with pyrite and gangue mineral, occasionally the presence is in form of monomer natural gold. The main factors which influence the recovery rate are sulfide mineral particle size, and the fine grained sulfide is beneficial for the dissociation and flotation of gold bearing minerals. The monomer dissociation degree of gold bearing minerals can reach 91.3% , when the grinding fineness is less than 0. 074 mm and grain level accounts as 80%. It is not conducive to the flotation of sulfide if the grinding fineness is low or high. It is difficult to completely dissociate the monomer if there is a small amount of pyrite and arsenopyrite in the ore. Therefore, before leaching the gold, it must conduct pretreatment to reach the ideal recovery rate of the gold, like roasting oxidation, pressure oxidation and biological oxidation. The fine microscopic gold has little influence on the gold recovery rate.     

细分移动互联网地理信息服务,构建宜居数字世界生活

移动互联网的发展在短时间内为地理信息带来了数亿用户,个人用户的增加,对地理信息提出了新的技术要求;地理信息界在努力,信息领域企业也在从信息基础设施角度向地理信息应用方向拓展,形成了目前信息技术企业与地理信息企业相向开发的局面;地理信息用户和行业的快速扩张,对行业管理提出了更高要求,需要许可认证、市场范围秩序维持等新的手段;地理信息有了与能力相适应的角色需要。以服务数字世界、打造虚拟社会中的宜居生活为目标,做好粘结剂,实现现实世界与数字世界的互动。     

Occurrence and Diversity of Candida Genus in Marine Environments

A total of 317 yeast isolates from seawater,sediments,mud of salterns,guts of marine fishes and marine algae wereobtained.The results of routine identification and molecular characterization showed that six isolates among these marine yeastsbelonged to Candida genus as Candida interrnedia for YA01a,Candida parapsilosis for 3eA2,Candida quercitrusa for JHSb,Can-die rugosa for wl8,Candida zeylanoides for TJY13a,and Candida membranifaciens for W14-3.Isolates YA01a (Candida interme-die),wl8 (Candida rugosa),3eA2 (Candida parapsilosis),and JHSb (Candida quercitrusa) were found producing cell-bound lipase,while isolate W14-3 (Candida membranifaciens) producing riboflavin.These marine yeast Candida spp.Seem to have wide potentialapplications in biotechnology.     

奎屯河流域包气带盐分分布特征与影响因素

通过对奎屯河流域包气带土壤取样分析,探讨了土壤包气带的盐分分布特征和影响因素。结果表明,在水平方向上,由南至北,表土含盐量逐渐增大。在垂直方向上,在地下水位埋藏较浅的细土平原及冲积平原区,包气带含盐量随深度增加逐渐减小;在人工耕地洪泛冲积平原、细土平原则呈随深度的增加而增加的趋势;包气带岩性结构较单一且潜水位埋藏比较深的地区,包气带含盐量随深度增加而出现微小波动。分析结果显示：地形、地貌和潜水位埋深是影响该区包气带盐分分布的主控因素,而人为的大面积灌溉又加速了积盐的过程。     

基于空间填充曲线排列码划分的并行缓冲区算法

缓冲区计算是地理信息系统空间分析的基本功能之一。在矢量缓冲区研究方面,以往大多聚焦缓冲区生成算法,这些优化方法在单机计算环境中针对大规模空间数量数据的计算效率提升是有限的,因而需要并行环境下的改进方法来进一步破解计算瓶颈。本文基于Map Reduce计算模型和分布式内存计算框架,提出了一种基于空间填充曲线排列码划分的并行缓冲区分析算法(SPBM),基于空间填充曲线编码进行数据排序和范围划分,对跨越网格的数据采用近似切分方法,在考虑负载均衡的前提下对任务并行分解,之后按照给定深度的"树状"方式进行结果合并。本文在单机和集群两种环境下利用实际道路网等数据进行了实验。同等环境下,相较于目前流行的GIS软件——QGIS和Post GIS计算性能提升明显,相较于现有其他并行优化方法效率提升超过50%。这样的优化分析方法对于GIS中其他矢量分析算法的并行算法也具有一定的借鉴意义。     

基于自定义RDD的海量遥感图像并行镶嵌方法

图像镶嵌是遥感图像处理中的重要内容,在跨区域遥感图像分析中发挥重要作用。为了解决传统遥感图像并行算法中存在的计算节点利用率低、频繁数据I/O等问题,本文根据Spark分布式内存计算框架,充分利用Spark利于迭代数据处理的优势,提出了一种基于Spark自定义RDD（弹性分布式数据集）的并行镶嵌方法。该方法首先在集群的多个节点上通过相位相关法执行图像重叠区域估计操作,从而提高了图像重叠区域估计的多节点并行计算;然后,通过重写Spark中RDD的compute和getPartitions方法,自定义针对遥感图像处理的RDD,并将图像镶嵌中的重叠区域估计、图像配准和图像融合3个关键步骤作为自定义RDD的Transformation类型的操作算子;最后,通过隐式转换创建自定义RDD,并调用自定义RDD的操作算子实现图像镶嵌的并行处理。实验结果表明,与传统基于MPI的并行镶嵌算法相比,该方法在保证图像镶嵌效果的基础上,能够有效提高大数据量的图像镶嵌效率。     

Formation and evolution of Emeishan basalt saprolite in vadose zones of Touzhai landslide source rockmass

In order to explain the formation process of slope hazards, and to identify the key factors leading to instability of a slope, Emeishan basalt saprolite in vadose zones of the Touzhai landslide in Zhaotong, Yunnan, was studied. The formation and evolution of Emeishan basalt saprolite was examined using, amongst other techniques, field investigations, thin section analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations, chemical analysis, physical and water-physical property tests of rock masses. Field observations revealed that the majority of the weathered rock blocks were presented as a concentric layer structure in which an internal corestone was enveloped with several layers of external saprolized crust. Chemical and mineralogical analysis identified that iron was the most sensitive element and that the weathering progress usually started with the oxidation of Fe²⁺ to Fe³⁺ in rock blocks. Alkaline elements such as Si, Ca, Mg, Na and K were also dissolved and Fe and Al were concentrated in saprolized crusts. Results indicated that loss on ignition (LOI) also increased significantly. SEM results showed that the weathering intensity of the basalt blocks decreased gradually from the outside to the inside, and the mineral morphology significantly differed on both sides of the weathering front. The saprolized crusts presented cellular microstructure features due to the generation of micropore and clay minerals. Thin section analysis showed that plagioclase was relatively more stable than pyroxene and chlorite during weathering. With a centripetal propagation of the weathering front, saprolized crusts became thicker and corestones became smaller; fresh Emeishan basalt blocks gradually turned into saprolized blocks. Due to the loose structure and low strength of saprolite, the quality of the Emeishan basalt mass significantly deteriorated, this being a potentially important factor which caused the Touzhai landslide to occur.