土壤多样性的概念及其争议

介绍了Ibanez等提出并发展的土壤多样性概念及其计量方法论，简要阐述了利用土壤多样性方法分析全球尺度的土壤空间和分布规律的尝试，进而概括了知名土壤学家和生态学家对土壤多样性及其计量方法论所提出的建设性意见和不同观点，最后讨论了土壤多样性在土壤学及其他相关学科的应用前景。     

盆地沉降史研究的新方法—波动分析

波动分析方法为前苏联学者提出，认为沉积地的演化过程受不同的周期波所控制。介绍了该方法的产生过程，基本原理，工作方法和所能解决的南持问题，最后对该方法进行了评价。     

Effects of Enclosure on Plant and Soil Restoration in the Junggar Desert

Enclosure is commonly used in the restoration of degraded grasslands. However, the effects of enclosure on grassland plant and soil restoration remain controversial, particularly in deserts. To assess the effects of enclosure on desert plants and soil properties, using high throughput sequencing, the differences between plants and soil were systematically analyzed before and after enclosure construction. The soil organic carbon, total nitrogen and total phosphorus contents of the three desert flora increased and decreased, but the difference was not significant; enclosure increased plant height, coverage, aboveground biomass, and species richness by 58.99%, 59.35%, 33.29%, and 51.21%, respectively, in a Seriphidium transiliense formation; by 15.49%, 33.52%, 20.85%, and 5.13%, respectively, in a Haloxylon persicum formation; and by 83.80%, 31.51%, 76.66% and 33.33%, respectively, in an Anabasis salsa formation. For soil bacteria, enclosure significantly increased the average number of operational taxonomic units and Shannon-Wiener index by 12.74% and 2.92%, respectively, under S. transiliense formation and by 17.08% and 3.17%, respectively, under H. persicum formation. However, enclosure had no significant effect on the average number of operational taxonomic units or Shannon-Wiener index under A. salsa formation. Enclosure significantly increased desert plants, soil bacterial diversity, and desert plant community productivity; however, the increase in soil nutrient content was not significant. These results demonstrate that enclosure is effective for restoring desert ecosystems but may have little effect on the soil nutrient content.     

利用双金刚烷指标研究济阳坳陷凝析油的成熟度和类型

根据济阳坳陷烃源岩中的双金刚烷指标与镜质组反射率实测值,建立了它们之间的数值对应关系,根据这种关系确定了济阳坳陷凝析油的成熟度,它们均属成熟—高成熟阶段的演化产物,Ro值在1.26%以上。利用二甲基双金刚烷类型判识指标,判识出济阳坳陷凝析油为煤成和湖相混合有机质生成两种类型。     

东营凹陷民丰地区天然气生成机理与化学动力学研究

民丰地区天然气存在源岩热解和原油裂解成因的争议。本文采用高压釜封闭体系对该区烃源岩和原油样品分别进行了热模拟实验,从烃类气体生成过程、气态烃与部分单体烃生成动力学特征讨论了二者的生气机理,认为原油裂解比源岩热解生气活化能高30～40 kJ/mol,原油比源岩生气需要更高的热力学条件。模拟实验证实,成熟阶段源岩热解气与原油裂解气相比,以环烷烃和芳烃相对含量低为特征,与民丰地区产出的天然气组成更接近,据此认为该区天然气主要为源岩热解成因。     

基于“城—村—地”三维视角的农村居民点整理策略——以江苏省新沂市为例

农村居民点作为当前国土资源利用效率提升的重要潜力空间,对其进行调控研究是促进可持续乡村建设的重要内容。城镇作为区域社会经济文化中心,村城关系在一定程度上影响着农村居民点发展的空间潜力;土地作为农村居民点发展的支撑条件和空间载体,村地关系在一定程度上体现了农村居民点布局的适宜性及资源利用的协调性。在扎实推进新农村建设、统筹城乡发展、促进土地集约节约利用的背景下,将“城—村—地”纳入统一分析框架,有利于统筹不同空间尺度要素对居民点整理的影响。本研究立足农村行为主体的空间关联性,综合“城—村—地”三级空间对象,提出农村居民点整理策略分析框架;基于对农村居民点地域系统要素构成和结构层次的分析,从城镇发展辐射性、村域布局适宜性、土地利用协调性等三方面构建了农村居民点整理潜力评价体系,进而探讨了相应的农村居民点整理途径。最后选取江苏省新沂市进行实证分析,将其划分为优先整理区、重点整理区、适度挖潜区、优化调整区及特殊整理区等居民点用地整理类型,提出相应的整理模式及优化路径,以期为农村居民点的整理优化提供有益借鉴,助推可持续的城乡空间重构。     

中国气温变化对全球变暖停滞的响应

1998-2012年出现的全球变暖停滞（global warming hiatus）现象,近年来受到各界的广泛关注。基于中国622个气象站的气温数据,研究了全国及三大自然区气温变化对全球变暖停滞的响应。结果表明：① 1998-2012年间,中国气温变化率为-0.221 ℃/10 a,较1960-1998年增温率下降0.427 ℃/10 a,存在同全球变暖停滞类似的增温减缓现象,且减缓程度更明显,其中冬季对中国增温减缓的贡献最大,贡献率为74.13%,夏季最小;② 中国气温变化对全球变暖停滞的响应存在显著的区域差异,从不同自然区看,1998-2012年东部季风区和西北干旱区降温显著,其中东部季风区为中国最强降温区,为全国增温减缓贡献了53.79%,并且具有显著的季节依赖性,减缓期冬季气温下降了0.896 ℃/10 a,而夏季上升了0.134 ℃/10 a。青藏高寒区1998-2012年增温率达0.204 ℃/10 a,对全球变暖停滞的响应并不显著;③ 中国增温减缓可能受太平洋年代际振荡（PDO）负相位、太阳黑子数与太阳总辐照减小等因素的影响;④ 1998-2012年中国虽出现增温减缓现象,但2012年之后气温快速升高,且从周期变化看,未来几年可能持续升温。     

粤港澳区域联动发展的关键科学问题与重点议题

在新时期新背景下,实现粤港澳区域联动发展具有紧迫性、必要性和重大现实意义。本文认为研究粤港澳区域联动发展需要以区域一体化理论体系、“全球—地方”尺度理论、区域空间相互作用理论体系为主要的理论基础。其关键科学问题是研究“一国两制”下粤港澳尺度的区域联动理论,探索粤港澳区域联动的机制、关键因素、模式与路径;提出了粤港澳区域联动发展关注的4个重点议题：①粤港澳区域一体化/协同理论的研究与探索;②粤港澳地位与作用研究;③粤港澳联动的多尺度、多主体影响机制与模式研究;④粤港澳联动发展的实施路径研究。     

Research on the Sustainability of Afghanistan Based on the Emergy Analysis

Afghanistan is an important country for the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road (the Belt and Road) proposed by China. Due to years of war, Afghanistan is not well-developed economically. However, Afghanistan has abundant mineral resources and unique geographical advantages that are of far-reaching significance for Chinese economic strategic development. To investigate the sustainability of the eco-economic system of Afghanistan, we completed a quantitative evaluation of the emergy of Afghanistan during the period 2008 to 2015 by establishing an indicator system based on an emergy analysis. Results showed that from 2008 to 2015, the total emergy used of Afghanistan increased from 5.56×10²² sej to 9.75×10²² sej, among which the proportion of non-renewable emergy was less than 25.7%. This indicates that local resources in Afghanistan have yet to be exploited and utilized effectively and that its economic development relied heavily on the input of external resources. Meanwhile, the Emergy Sustainability Index (ESI) of Afghanistan from 2008 to 2015 dropped from 3.00 to 0.72, the Environmental Loading Ratio (ELR) increased from 0.77 to 2.06, and the Emergy Yield Ratio (EYR) dropped from 2.31 to 1.49, reflecting the imbalanced utilization of resources and the low level of economic development in Afghanistan. As a result, the potential for sustainable development of Afghanistan is relatively great. Basic infrastructure construction and reasonable exploitation of natural resources are the urgent needs.     

A remarkable climate warming hiatus over Northeast China since 1998

Theoretical and Applied Climatology - Observationally constrained values of the global radiative response coefficient are pivotal to assess the reliability of modeled climate feedbacks. A widely...