永梅坳陷二叠纪煤系的热演化特征与热历史分析

中国东南部海相和近海相地层普遍遭受多次后期复杂岩浆作用的改造,因而,尽管不乏富有机质地层,但热     

利用面向对象分类技术进行地理要素快速更新的方法研究

该文以遥感影像为更新期数据,利用面向对象分类方法,在对象层次进行推理和分析;将更新完成要素作为先验知识,分层更新地理要素;对更新过程中基期地形图专题要素不变信息的利用,主要地理要素提取和更新方法进行了研究。结果表明,该方法兼顾地理要素快速更新的自动化与实用化,具有广阔的应用空间。     

Study on Potential Strong Earthquake Risks Around the Mabian Area,Southern Sichuan

Based on seismic data from the regional network for the last 34 years,we analyzed the present fault behavior of major fault zones around the Mabian area,southern Sichuan,and identified the risky fault-segments for potential strong and large earthquakes in the future.The method of analysis is a combination of spatial distribution of b-values with activity background of historical strong earthquakes and current seismicity.Our results mainly show:(1) The spatial distribution of b-values indicates significant heterogeneity in the studied area,which reflects the spatial difference of cumulative stress levels along various fault zones and segments.(2) Three anomalously low b-value areas with different dimensions were identified along the Mabian-Yanjin fault zone.These anomalies can be asperities under relatively high cumulated stress levels.Two asperities are located in the north of Mabian county,in Lidian town in western Muchuan county,and near Yanjin at the south end of the fault zone.These two areas represent potential large earthquake seismogenic sites around the Mabian area in the near future.Besides them,the third relatively smaller asperity is identified at southern Suijiang,as another potential strongearthquake source.(3) An asperity along the southwestern segment of the Longquanshan fault zone indicates the site of potential moderate-to-strong earthquakes.(4) The asperity along the segment between Huangmu town in Hanyuan county and Longchi town in Emeishan city on Jinkouhe-Meigu fault has potential for a moderate-strong earthquake.     

机载SAR干涉定标参数分离式解算方法研究

机载干涉合成孔径雷达（Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar,InSAR）是获取地面数字高程模型（Digital Elevation Model,DEM）的重要手段之一。InSAR系统参数误差会影响生成DEM的精度,利用干涉定标技术可以校正系统参数,补偿系统误差。目前,机载SAR干涉定标解算方法多采用天线基线长度、基线倾角,以及干涉相位偏置3个参数共同构建敏感度矩阵解算干涉定标参数偏差（参数耦合式解算方法）。由于机载InSAR系统对干涉相位偏置参数的敏感度较小,与基线长度、基线倾角的敏感度存在数量级差异,3个参数共同构建敏感度矩阵病态严重,易将微小的参数扰动传播扩大为较大的解向量误差,影响干涉定标精度,同时增大算法对干涉定标外场实验中角反射器布设高程的敏感度。本文提出一种机载SAR干涉定标参数分离式解算方法,在干涉定标解算过程中,对基线长度、基线倾角及干涉相位偏置3个参数进行分离,选取基线长度与基线倾角2个参数构建敏感度矩阵进行解算,对干涉相位偏置参数进行单独拟合解算,最终获得3个参数的综合定标结果。经机载双天线InSAR系统获取的真实数据验证,与参数耦合式解算方法相比,利用参数分离式解算方法构建得到的敏感度矩阵条件数由1.07E+06下降至5.02,系统参数定标后生成DEM与高精度参考DEM的平均高程偏差由14.98 m下降至6.51 m,干涉定标精度显著提高。另外,根据角反射器布设高程数值仿真模拟分析结果,与参数耦合式解算方法相比,参数分离式解算方法对角反射器布设高程变化的敏感度显著降低,对角反射器布设高程的普适性较高,且算法解算精度在角反射器布设高程起伏较小时不受明显影响,有助于减轻机载SAR干涉定标的野外工作强度。     

煤炭资源型城市产业结构锁定的形成、演化及机理研究——以淮北市为例

运用偏离-份额分析法跟踪研究了淮北市工业结构演替过程,结果表明：淮北市产业结构锁定效应显著。在中兴期及以前时期,工业结构长期锁定在煤炭采掘、电力、纺织与服装加工、农副食品加工4个主要行业;进入衰退转型期后,以精细化工、建材加工、机械制造、金属冶炼与加工等为代表的接续替代行业兴起,工业结构逐步解锁。通过对淮北市工业结构相似性系数、工业行业集中系数、产出锁定系数、就业锁定系数演化的分析,认为煤炭资源型城市产业结构锁定形成与演化会经历产业导入期、弱锁定期、中度锁定期、强锁定期、解锁期5个阶段,且各阶段的产业结构特征相异。最后,从资源因素、社会因素、技术因素、市场因素、产业政策因素以及观念因素6个方面分析了煤炭资源型城市产业结构锁定形成和演化的机理。     

Evaluating the suitability of TRMM satellite rainfall data for hydrological simulation using a distributed hydrological model in the Weihe River catchment in China

The objective of this study is to quantitatively evaluate Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) data with rain gauge data and further to use this TRMM data to drive a Distributed Time-Variant Gain Model (DTVGM) to perform hydrological simulations in the semi-humid Weihe River catchment in China. Before the simulations, a comparison with a 10-year (2001-2010) daily rain gauge data set reveals that, at daily time step, TRMM rainfall data are better at capturing rain occurrence and mean values than rainfall extremes. On a monthly time scale, good linear relationships between TRMM and rain gauge rainfall data are found, with determination coefficients R² varying between 0.78 and 0.89 for the individual stations. Subsequent simulation results of seven years (2001-2007) of data on daily hydrological processes confirm that the DTVGM when calibrated by rain gauge data performs better than when calibrated by TRMM data, but the performance of the simulation driven by TRMM data is better than that driven by gauge data on a monthly time scale. The results thus suggest that TRMM rainfall data are more suitable for monthly streamflow simulation in the study area, and that, when the effects of recalibration and the results for water balance components are also taken into account, the TRMM 3B42-V7 product has the potential to perform well in similar basins.     

A preliminary quantitative reconstruction of precipitation in southern Mu Us sandy land at margin of Asian monsoon-dominated region during late Quaternary

We present the first quantitative estimation of monsoon precipitation during the late glacial-Holocene in the sandy land of northern China, based on organic carbon isotopic composition data from a loess-sand sequence at margin of the Mu Us sandy land. We use the relationship between monsoon precipitation and the carbon isotopic composition of modern soils as an analogue, with a minor modification, to reconstruct precipitation back to c. 47 ka ago. The preliminary results indicate that annual monsoon precipitation was high after 8 ka, with an average of 435 mm; and it decreased during 18 and 8 ka with a mean value of 194 mm. The precipitation value of 47-18 ka varied between the two. We compare the reconstructed precipitation with other records and paleoclimatic modeling results, showing that our record agrees with reconstructions of the monsoon precipitation from other sources, even capturing short climatic events such as the Younger Dryas. We suggest that solar irradiance, high-latitude temperature/ice volume and local evaporation have together modified moistures in the sandy land.     

基于瞬变电磁法(TEM)的西昆仑地区多年冻土厚度探测与研究

多年冻土厚度对于多年冻土的区域分布和环境效应具有重要控制和指示意义. 应用瞬变电磁法(TEM)对青藏高原西昆仑地区的多年冻土下限进行了探测, 并结合钻孔资料分析了该研究区域多年冻土厚度的分布特征. 结果表明:研究区域多年冻土厚度随地形、地质条件的差异表现出显著的空间差异性. 沿着219国道从509道班到奇台达坂的高山峡谷区, 随着海拔的升高, 多年冻土从无到有, 而且, TEM探测到的多年冻土厚度从不到10 m到接近100 m, 平均厚度约为55 m; 自界山达坂向东到拉竹龙的低山丘陵区, 除部分区域发育融区外, 多年冻土厚度一般在50 m左右, TEM探测显示多年冻土平均厚度约为58 m; 进入甜水海盆地, 多年冻土厚度普遍超过60 m, TEM探测到靠近湖泊的盆地中心地带多年冻土平均厚度可达110 m. 多年冻土厚度随地温的降低呈显著的线性增加趋势, 10 m深度地温平均每降低1 ℃, 多年冻土厚度增加29 m. 多年冻土的厚度随海拔的升高显著增加, 同时局地因素对多年冻土的发育有显著影响, 其内在机制需要进一步研究.     

中国城市地铁建设影响因素的空间差异分析——以京、津、沪、穗、深、宁六市为例

基于2007年中国已经开通地铁的六个城市的统计数据,选取影响城市内部地铁建设的因素,运用SPSS统计分析软件进行主成分分析,提取中国城市地铁建设的主要因子,在此基础上分析六个城市地铁建设影响因子的空间差异。结果表明:①中国城市地铁建设影响因素可归为三个主要因子,即城市建成区规模、政策支持和灵活、便捷的交通因子;城市现有的交通和二、三产业的发展状况;城市的经济实力和公路客运交通状况。②六个城市地铁建设的影响因素具有空间差异,按其驱动因子的个数,又可分为单因子驱动型,如北京、上海、广州和深圳,多因子驱动型,如天津和南京。