传统村落分布的“边缘化”特征——以湖南省为例

传统村落伴随快速城市化、城进乡退的进程,呈现出“边缘化”分布趋势。以湖南省723个传统村落为实证对象,借助ArcGIS 10.0技术平台,选取影响传统村落的农业资源、经济、空间及交通等四类因素,以县域为统计单元,对湖南省域进行核心—边缘区评价。将评价结果与传统村落分布进行叠加,结果显示湖南省传统村落分布呈现农业资源边缘化、经济边缘化、空间边缘化和交通边缘化特征,并分析传统村落分布“边缘化”特征形成机理,提出保护开发建议。     

基于地统计学的路基连续压实均匀性评价

传统的路基压实质量均匀性评价方法均基于变异系数等概率统计指标,未能考虑检测数据的空间分布特性,难以准确评价路基压实质量的不均匀性。基于地统计学理论,建立半变异函数模型描述连续压实检测数据的空间变异性,采用指数模型对半变异函数曲线进行最优拟合,并提出偏基台值C作为路基压实均匀性控制指标。分别采用地统计方法与传统数理统计法对沪昆客运专线芷江试验段的路基进行压实均匀性评价。结果表明：在压路机振动频率波动或存在压实薄弱区域的情况下,与传统数理统计指标变异系数Cv相比,地统计指标C可消除系统误差等随机性因素对均匀性评价结果的影响,更能客观反映不同工况下的填筑土体在空间上的不均匀压实状态,其结果为铁路路基压实均匀性评价提供了新的思路。     

辽宁地区前兆异常空间分布的集中性与非均匀性研究

通过对1988年以来辽宁地区年度前兆异常空间分布特征的分析与计算, 结果发现, 辽宁及邻区5级以上地震前1～3年中短期异常空间分布非均匀性指标C_V值均出现明显的高值(大于等于2倍均方差)。 异常空间分布集中度R_V值与异常频次正相关, 与最大震级反相关, 可作为参考指标, 配合C_V值使用。 当C_V值出现高值异常期间, 若R_V低于均值并接近30 km时, 1年内辽宁地区发生M≥5.0地震的可能性较大。     

南美东缘盐岩发育特征及其与油气聚集的关系

通过对南美东缘13个被动陆缘盆地系统解剖,总结了南美东缘盐岩发育特征：平面上盐岩主要发育在中部7个盆地中,发育薄层区、过渡区和厚层区等3种类型盐岩发育区;纵向上发育在白垩纪Aptian时期,发育时间先北后南;主要发育3种盐构造类型--整合型(非刺穿)盐构造、不整合型（刺穿）盐构造和过渡型盐构造,对应发育8种油气圈闭类型。分析了盐岩的发育对南美东缘油气富集的重要控制作用：平面上盐岩层平面展布控制油气的平面富集,中部7个盐岩发育盆地富集了整个南美东缘油气总量的95%;纵向上盐岩层将含盐盆地一分为二,形成盐上和盐下两套含油气层系,厚层盐岩区油气主要富集在盐下层系,薄层区和厚度剧烈变化区的油气则主要富集在盐上层系;岩性上倾尖灭、不整合遮挡、滚动背斜和断层遮挡型等4种盐构造相关圈闭是主要的油气成藏圈闭类型;盐构造运动形成的“盐天窗”是下部烃源岩与上部储集层沟通的主要通道;厚层盐岩层的存在为盐下油气的富集提供良好的封盖条件。     

A modified method to estimate eddy diffusivity in the North Pacific using altimeter eddy statistics

The method proposed by Stammer (1998) is modified using eddy statistics from altimeter observation to obtain more realistic eddy diffusivity (K) for the North Pacific. Compared with original estimates, the modified K has remarkably reduced values in the Kuroshio Extension (KE) and North Equatorial Counter Current (NECC) regions, but slightly enhanced values in the Subtropical Counter Current (STCC) region. In strong eastward flow areas like the KE and NECC, owing to a large difference between mean flow velocity and propagation velocity of mesoscale eddies, tracers inside the mesoscale eddies are transported outside rapidly by advection, and mixing length L is hence strongly suppressed. The low eddy probability (P) is also responsible for the reduced K in the NECC area. In the STCC region, however, L is mildly suppressed and P is very high, so K there is enhanced. The zonally-averaged K has two peaks with comparable magnitudes, in the latitude bands of the STCC and KE. In the core of KE, because of the reduced values of P and L, the zonally-averaged K is a minimum. Zonally-integrated eddy heat transport in the KE band, calculated based on the modified K, is much closer to the results of previous independent research, indicating the robustness of our modified K. The map of modified K provides useful informationfor modeling studies in the North Pacific.     

马氏珠母贝热休克蛋白HSP60基因的克隆与表达分析

运用cDNA末端快速扩增（RACE）技术,克隆马氏珠母贝（Pinctadamαrtensii）热休克蛋白HSP60基因 cDNA全序列。序列全长2495坤,开放阅读框（ORF） 1734坤,编码577个氨基酸,预测的分子量约为61.79阳, 理论等电点为5.4905＇非翻译区（ 5＇UTR）长150坤, 3＇非翻译区（3＇UTR）长611 bp。同源性比对分析结果,马 氏珠母贝HSP60基因与与太平洋长牡妨（Crωsos仰a gIgω）和光滑双蹄螺（Biomphalaria glabrata）的同源性较 高,达到75%。氨基酸序列分析显示,马氏珠母贝HSP60氨基酸序列具有典型的rnt-HSP60特征序列、C-末端典型的GGM重复基序和一个ATP结合结构域。荧光定量数据分析发现,该基因在闭壳肌、外套腹、血淋巴、肝膜腺、性腺、躁、等6个组织中具有表达,在肝膜腺中表达量最高,腮中次之,而在血液和闭壳肌中仅有少量表达;在脂多糖剌激后,该基因表达水平上调,12 h后达到最大值,之后又逐渐下调,均高于对照组,差异具统计学意 义（P〈0.05）。     

马氏珠母贝Su(H)基因克隆与组织特异性表达

Su(H)基因(Suppressor of Hairless gene)对生物体细胞的分化、增殖和凋亡起重要的调控作用。根据马氏珠母贝(Pinctada martensii)转录组数据库中注释为Su(H)的unigene序列设计基因特异性引物,应用cDNA末端快速扩增(RACE)技术克隆获得了马氏珠母贝Su(H)[pm-Su(H)]基因cDNA全长序列。结果表明:pm-Su(H)基因全长3 830 bp,其中开放阅读框含有1 920 bp,编码640个氨基酸残基,5'UTR为1 568bp,3'UTR为342 bp,含有27 bp polyA;预测其分子质量为70.6 ku,等电点为7.38;多序列比对显示,pm-Su(H)与其他物种的Su(H)有较高的保守性,与牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)的同源序列高达80%;荧光定量PCR分析表明,pm-Su(H)在马氏珠母贝闭壳肌、鳃、珍珠囊、外套膜、肝胰脏、性腺、足、血淋巴等8组织中均有表达,其中以性腺中表达量最高,其次是珍珠囊和外套膜。     

南海海表面温度年代际异常变化特征及其与PDO的联系

利用奇异谱分析和小波分析的方法,分析了南海海表面温度异常(SSTA)在年代际尺度上的变化特征及其与太平洋年代际涛动(PDO)之间的关系.发现南海 SSTA 年代际振荡与年循环之间存在一定程度上的锁相:在冬、春季较强,而夏、秋季则较弱.此外,在过去的140多年,南海 SSTA 年代际振荡显著衰弱.通过与 PDO 指数进行相关分析发现,在年代际尺度上 PDO 与南海 SSTA 具有一定的相关性.一方面这种相关性只在20世纪前50年比较显著,这在一定程度上解释了为何南海 SSTA 的年代际振荡表现出衰减的趋势;另一方面,当 PDO 位相超前南海 SSTA 位相3到6个月时,两者表现出较强的相关性.进一步分析表明,PDO 可能通过调控赤道东太平洋 SST,从而影响南海 SSTA 的年代际变化.     

抛弃式海水温度测量系统的设计

介绍了一种抛弃式海水温度测量系统的设计。针对电池供电和空间受限的海水温度测量环境,基于MSP430单片机低功耗、高性能、多外设的优良特性,提出了一种热敏电阻测温方案。利用单片机内部的基准电源和A/D转换器实现对热敏电阻信号的激励和采样;通过MSP430单片机各种工作模式之间的灵活转换,降低了系统的功耗;采用电压源比例测量法,由热敏电阻阻值与温度的对应关系获得海水温度。系统温度分辨率0.01℃,使用一等标准铂电阻测温仪检定,温度测量误差小于±0.1℃。     

Stable isotopic composition of riverine dissolved inorganic carbon of the Xijiang River Inner Estuary

For researching the spatio-temporal variation of the stable isotopic composition of the riverine dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), we had carried out a survey throughout the hydrologic year during which the δ13CDIC of the surface water and its physicochemical pa-rameter were examined along the Xijiang River Inner Estuarine waterway from September 2006 to June 2007. There was a striking seasonal variation on the average δ13CDIC, as the average δ13CDIC in summer (?13.91‰) or autumn (?13.09‰) was much less than those in spring (?11.71‰) or winter (?12.26‰). The riverine δ13CDIC was controlled by decomposed condition of the riverine organic matter linking the seasonal variation of the physicochemical parameter in the surface water according to the correlation analysis which indicated notable relations between δ13CDIC and water temperature (p = 0.000; r = ?0.569) or between δ13CDIC and oxide-reduction potential (p = 0.000; r = 0.646). The striking positive correlation between δ13CDIC and the sampling distance happened in the summer rainy season, while striking negative correlation happened in the spring dry season, indicating that river-sea interaction influenced water physicochemical parameters and controlled the riverine DIC property in the survey waterway. In view of the riverine δ13CDIC decreasing for the decomposition of the ter-restrial organic matter in the rainy season in summer and increasing for the briny invaded zone extending in the spring dry season along the waterway from the Makou gauging station to the Modaomen outlet, the δ13CDIC spatio-temporal variation was closely related to the geographical environment of the Xijiang drainage basin.