Structural architecture of Neoproterozoic rifting depression groups in the Tarim Basin and their formation dynamics

The Tarim Basin is the largest, oil-bearing, superimposed basin in the northwest of China. The evolution and tectonic properties of the initial Tarim Basin have been hotly disputed and remain enigmatic. The Neoproterozoic basin is covered by a vast desert and a huge-thickness of sedimentary strata, has experienced multiple tectonic movements, had a low signal to noise ratios(SNRs) of deep seismic reflection data, all of which have posed critical obstacles to research. We analysed four field outcrops, 18 wells distributed throughout the basin, 27 reprocessed seismic reflection profiles with higher SNRs across the basin and many ancillary local 2D and 3D profiles and aeromagnetic data. We found about 20 normal fault-controlled rifting depressions of the Cryogenian and Ediacaran scattered throughout the basin, which developed on the Precambrian metamorphic and crystalline basement. The structural framework is clearly different from that of the overlying Phanerozoic. The rifting depressions consist of mainly half grabens, symmetrical troughs and horst-grabens. From the northeast to southwest of the basin,they are divided into three rifting depression groups with the WNW, ENE, and NW-trends that are mainly controlled by normal faults. The maximum thicknesses of the strata are up to 4100 m. From the Cryogenian to Ediacaran, most of the main inherited faults to active and eventually ceased at the end of the Ediacaran or Early Cambrian, while subsidence centres appeared and migrated eastward along the faults. They revealed that the different parts of the Tarim continental block were in NNE-SSWoriented and NNW-SSE-oriented extensional paleo-stress fields(relative to the present) during the Neoproterozoic, and were accompanied by clockwise shearing. According to the analysis of the activities of syn-sedimentary faults, filling sediments,magmatic events, and coordination with aeromagnetic anomalies, the tectonic properties of the fault depressions are different and are primarily continental rifts or intra-continental fault-controlled basins. The rifting phases mainly occurred from 0.8–0.61 Ga.The formation of the rifting depression was associated with the initial opening of the South Altun-West Kunlun Ocean and the South Tianshan Ocean, which were located at the northern and southern margins of the Tarim Block, respectively, in response to the break-up of the Supercontinent Rodinia and the initial opening of the Proto-Tethys Ocean.     

河川环境规划之景观生态原则应用——以台湾北部淡水河流域为例

河川是一个复杂的生态系统,河川主支干道即为系统中的主要动脉,各种物质循环、能量流动、物种讯息传输,均依赖河川水系为之.但因人类迁入活动及过度利用水资源,干扰了水的自然循环,土壤与微生物的自然演化,生物的迁徙与演替平衡等.且目前河川治理大多以取水、防洪为优先,忽略了景观生态原则在河川中的作用,致使城市与水环境关系日益疏离,物种的栖息地逐渐被破坏.本研究以台湾北部淡水河流域为例,探讨河川流域中之景观生态功能,并将景观生态原则纳入流域治理的综合目标之一,研拟可持续发展的策略.     

三维探地雷达在城市地下管线探测中的应用

城市的扩建、旧城的改造以及水生态建设等都离不开对城市原有地下管线的调查,精准探测地下管线的分布情况是保障管线安全和确保市政工程正常运行的重要工作.为提高城市地下管线探测精度,本文采用三维探地雷达在东莞进行管线探测研究.结果表明,三维探地雷达能显示不同方向、不同埋深、不同类型的地下管线,在城市地下管线探测工作中应用效果显...     

聚球藻病毒研究进展

聚球藻是海洋浮游植物群落的优势组分,是全球碳循环的主要参与者和初级生产力的主要贡献者.聚球藻病毒对聚球藻有较高的致死率,聚球藻病毒对聚球藻的裂解对碳的生物地球化学循环有十分重要的作用.对聚球藻病毒的宿主、分类和生活方式作了简介,综述了聚球藻病毒研究方法、生态分布特征、遗传多样性与宿主的关系及其进展,评述了不同基因标记物在聚球藻病毒分子生态学应用上的优缺点,最后提出了聚球藻病毒的研究展望.旨在为海洋病毒生态学,海洋碳循环的研究提供参考.     

地面和机载多角度观测数据的反照率反演及对MODIS反照率产品的初步验证

MODIS的反照率产品采用半经验的二向性反射核驱动模型算法(AMBRALS),对16天累积观测的多角度遥感数据进行反演。产品的应用需要相关研究的地面观测数据进行验证。主要研究基于地面气象台站用反照率表观测的反照率数据、地面和机载多角度遥感数据通过AMBRALS算法反演得到的反照率,与MODIS相应的地面反照率产品做比较的降尺度验证方法,并提供对MODIS反照率产品的初步验证结果。     

近年来我国泥石流灾害时空分布规律及成因分析

中国是世界上遭受泥石流灾害最为严重的国家之一,灾害发生数量大,造成的人员伤亡和财产损失较高,同时监测和防治难度极大。本文收集了2005-2015年间发生的全部泥石流灾害共计10 927起,对灾害发生时间、地点、灾害规模、灾害损失以及灾害成因进行了统计,发现泥石流灾害具有近年来发生数量明显下降、集中分布在西部和东南沿海省份、特大型和大型灾害损失最为惨重等时空分布特点及成灾特点。通过对具体案例剖析后发现,预警技术有待提高、山区城镇建设场地选址不当、多年来泥石流灾害防治标准偏低、震区灾害防治形势严峻、灾害防治意识淡薄为我国泥石流灾害危害严重的主要原因。同时,我国正在积极应对泥石流灾害的威胁,如：主动提高震区泥石流灾害防治标准,研发新型的拦挡技术;研发具备实时可视化等功能的监测预警系统,提高监测预警效率;提高群众防灾意识,大力发展群测群防监测预警体系;转变观念,将泥石流灾害防治与城镇化发展规划有机结合。     

基于CO1基因的渔山列岛厚壳贻贝遗传资源评估

基于线粒体CO1基因的序列,对渔山列岛,大连獐子岛,南麂列岛,山东南隍城乡,舟山嵊泗5个野生群体的厚壳贻贝进行遗传多样性和遗传结构的分析。结果表明:在mt DNACO1基因同源片段上共检测到了39个多态位点,其中39个简约信息位点,无单突变位点,构成40个单倍型,群体遗传多样性水平为:渔山山东大连舟山南麂;然而单倍型多样性却是山东渔山南麂大连舟山。分子进化树和单倍型网络关系图构建结果显示:5个群体之间分为3个单倍型类群(A、B、C),其中A类群含15个单倍型,B类群含23个单倍型,C类群含2个单倍型(均为渔山列岛的单倍型),其中渔山列岛的单倍型在上述三个类群中都有分布。3个单倍型类群间的遗传距离为0.0099~0.0268。渔山列岛群体内遗传分化较为显著,其他4个群体间未检测到显著的遗传分化。     

天津海域春夏季节游泳动物的组成特征

根据2014年5月及8月在天津海域进行的底拖网调查资料,对该海域游泳动物组成特征进行了初步研究。结果表明,在该海域共捕获游泳动物36种,平均资源密度为126 297.13个/km~2和1 494.40 kg/km~2。以个体密度计算群落多样性,Shannon-Wiener种类多样性指数H′平均为1.803,Margalef种类丰富度指数d平均为0.592,Pielou种类均匀度指数J平均为0.537。资源密度及物种多样性,8月均优于5月。优势种为口虾蛄,重要种为火枪乌贼、日本、斑、六丝钝尾虾虎鱼。天津近岸海域游泳动物渔业资源呈现出低质化的趋势。     

模糊多属性决策法在海底电缆路由方案比选中的应用

海底电缆预选路由方案的比选需要参考多种指标,这些指标包含定量和定性两种,但各指标间的不可公度性,给路由方案的选择提出挑战。文章提出了一种基于离差思想和模糊向量投影的多属性决策法。首先引入三角模糊数,将定性指标合理量化,构建决策矩阵,规范化后运用离差思想求解各指标权重,然后计算各方案在正理想方案和负理想方案上的投影,最后求出相对贴近度,依据其大小比选出最佳方案。     

Adaptive Observer Based Backstepping Controller Design for Dynamic Ship Positioning

Modified adaptive observer based backstepping control system for dynamic positioning of ship is proposed. As an improvement, the adaptive observer takes the first-order wave frequency model and the bias term which represent the slowly varying environmental disturbances and the unmodeled dynamics. Thus, the wave-frequency motions are filtered out, and only the reconstructed low-frequency motions are sent as inputs of the controller. Furthermore, as the ship dynamics parameters are unknown, the adaptive estimation law is designed for both the unknown ship dynamics and the unmeasured state variables. Based on the estimated states and parameters, backstepping controller considering the integral action is designed. Global exponential stability (GES) for the total system is proved using Lyapunov direct method. Simulation results show a good performance of the observer and control system.