肥城市采煤塌陷区治理模式探索研究

肥城煤田作为国家重要能源基地,开发历史悠久,为我国高速发展的国民经济做出了巨大贡献。但长期开采导致塌陷范围广、深度大、积水严重,生态环境遭受严重破坏,给矿区群众的生产生活带来严重影响。该文总结了目前普及化程度较高的采煤塌陷区治理模式,以此为基础,对肥城市采煤塌陷区按照因地制宜的原则,通过分析研究、归纳得出适应于肥城市采煤塌陷区四种不同的治理模式,分别为:土地复垦治理模式、“渔业+农业”治理模式、生态修复治理模式、综合治理模式,并对四种治理模式进行了阐述分析,对今后肥城市采煤塌陷区治理起到借鉴和指导作用。     

Comparative Analysis of the Generalized Omega Equation and Generalized Vertical Motion Equation

Research on vertical motion in mesoscale systems is an extraordinarily challenging effort. Allowing for fewer assumptions, a new form of generalized vertical motion equation and a generalized Omega equation are derived in the Cartesian coordinate system(nonhydrostatic equilibrium) and the isobaric coordinate system(hydrostatic equilibrium),respectively. The terms on the right-hand side of the equations, which comprise the Q vector, are composed of three factors:dynamic, thermodynamic, and mass. ...     

铁岭县GPS控制网高程拟合精度分析

利用GPS技术测量点的平面位置可获得较高精度,但不能直接得到地面点的正常高,只能得到大地高。作者探讨了GPS高程拟合的精度与起算点的分布、整体拟合和分区拟合方法的选择、GPS高程拟合精度的分析等方法并提出了自己的见解,且通过铁岭县C级GPS网的高程拟合实例,介绍了该方法的具体应用。     

高校测绘工程专业“测量仪器学”课程的改革与实践

针对测量仪器不断发展和革新的实际情况,总结了近5年来"测量仪器学"课程开设的效果和社会评价。基于测量仪器已全面进入电子智能时代,提出了针对理论和实践两个方面教学内容的改革,改进得到了优化新颖的教学方法,对于课程考核提出了合理的评判方法,并对课程配套相关条件提出了合理的建议,最后对改革后的课程教学效果进行了论述和分析。     

基于ArcEngine的插件式GIS开发框架设计与应用研究

GIS应用领域越来越广,对传统的GIS开发模式提出了新的要求和挑战。插件开发模式具有易扩展、易重用的特点,可降低GIS开发成本,提高应用灵活性,弥补传统开发模式的不足。本文在分析插件技术和插件式GIS开发框架的基础上,采用ArcEngine组件和.NET反射技术设计实现了插件式GIS开发框架PLGGIS。最后以扩展插件的方式开发了多源遥感影像数据管理应用系统,验证了设计插件式GIS开发框架的可行性和应用灵活性。     

利用波形去噪算法的森林最大冠顶高估测研究

针对大光斑激光雷达回波信号噪声影响森林冠顶高估测精度,且回波分析法判定回波位置受限于平坦地区的问题,利用高斯低通滤波和小波去噪两种方法对GLAS波形进行去噪处理,提出了结合均方根倍差法和回波分析法来判定回波位置的有效算法。经小波去噪后信号的信噪比23.360 704,均方根误差为0.000 233 3,经均方根倍差法和回波分析法相结合来判定回波位置估测的冠顶高结果与实测结果相关性系数r值为0.864,效果均优于高斯低通滤波去噪。基于GLAS回波数据实验结果表明:小波去噪较好地实现了对回波信号的去噪处理,均方根倍差法和回波分析法相结合,实现了对坡度相对较大地区的GLAS波形的回波开始位置和地面回波位置的准确判定,对森林冠顶高的精确估算具有重要意义。     

改进的等维灰数递补模型预测边界确定方法

针对当前利用灰色预测模型进行地表沉降预测研究更多注重模型本身探讨而较少涉及预测值合理范围以及预测值时间响应函数的还原方法的情况,该文提出了一种改进的等维灰数递补模型预测边界的确定方法,采用了误差传播定律对预测值范围进行界定,并尝试利用中值近似处理代替累减生成建立预测值的时间响应函数;最后,结合工程实例给出了预测值上下边界,探讨了模型在误差允许范围内的预测步长,并对比分析了改进的等维灰数递补模型、原始的等维灰数递补模型和GM(1,1)模型。结果发现:改进的等维灰数递补模型具有较好的拟合效果与预测精度。     

中国综合气候变化风险区划

气候变化作用于自然环境与社会经济系统,产生一系列影响。随着未来社会经济发展,气候变化危险性与自然环境和社会经济承险体耦合形成有规律的风险时空格局。将此时空格局系统化表达即是综合气候变化风险区划,是适应气候变化的科学基础之一。本文基于RCP 8.5下的近中期（2021-2050年）气候情景,分析了中国未来气温和降水变化趋势与速率,评价了干旱、高温热浪以及洪涝等极端事件危险性,选取人口、经济、粮食生产和生态系统等承险体风险作为综合风险定量评估的指标。在系统性、主导因素以及空间连续性原则的指导下,提出中国综合气候变化风险区划三级区域系统方案,划分出8个气候变化敏感区、19个极端事件危险区和46个承险体综合风险区。结果发现：2021-2050年RCP 8.5情景下中国的气候变化高风险区主要包括：华北弱暖增雨敏感区,华北平原热浪危险区,人口经济粮食高风险区;华南—西南弱暖增雨敏感区,黔滇山地热浪危险区,生态经济粮食人口高风险区;华南沿海涝热危险区,生态粮食经济人口高风险区。中国综合气候变化风险区划涵盖了气候变化情景、极端事件发生、社会经济与生态系统的可能损失信息,可以为国家或地方应对气候变化及气候变化风险管理提供科技支撑。     

青藏高原气象学的研究进展和问题

分高原天气学、高原气候学、高原及邻近地区的大气环流、以及高原数值预报和模拟四方面简要回顾了新中国成立以来我国（也兼及国外）青藏高原气象学的主要进展，也提出今后研究中应注意的有关问题。     

Design and Application of the Annual Report of Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS) Monitoring

Scientific and effective heritage monitoring can not only realize the conservation of the heritage itself and the maintenance of its values, but it can also realize the sustainable development of the heritage site. In order to promote the conservation and management of Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS), this study proposed a design for the annual report of GIAHS monitoring under the overall framework of the GIAHS monitoring system, and explored the application of the annual report in the first GIAHS site in China: the Qingtian Rice-Fish Culture System. In the design scheme of this study, the GIAHS annual monitoring report is composed of 24 monitoring items, with each of them logically related. It is to be filled in by the bureaus of the heritage site and reported through the GIAHS dynamic monitoring system. The results of an analysis of the annual reports of Qingtian Rice-Fish Culture System for four years showed that Qingtian County has taken a series of conservation and development measures which have reduced the area of abandoned paddy, enhanced the unit benefit of agri-products, and increased the farmers’ income. At the same time, the heritage site is faced with various challenges and threats, such as the weakening of the tourism attraction, the aging of the heritage practitioners, and the limitation of the heritage-themed agri-products and tourism income, which need to be addressed with proper measures. The results can also provide guidance for other GIAHS based on indications that heritage sites should improve the development of cultural products, the construction of social organization and the cultivation of spontaneous publicity, and an exchange and learning mechanism should be established among them in the future. The design and application of the GIAHS annual monitoring reports can not only provide specific guidance for conducting the GIAHS monitoring, but also lay the foundation for evaluating the effectiveness of GIAHS conservation and management. This study is expected to help enrich the theory of GIAHS monitoring, further promote China’s GIAHS monitoring work, and also provide China’s experience for the benefit of international GIAHS monitoring efforts.