Runoff reduction due to environmental changes in the Sanchuanhe river basin

Recently, runoff in many river basins in China has been decreasing. Therefore, the role that climate change and human activities are playing in this decrease is currently of interest. In this study, we evaluated an assessment method that was designed to quantitatively separate the effects of climate change and human activities on runoff in river basins. Specifically, we calibrated the SIMHYD rainfall runoff model using naturally recorded hydro-meteorologic data pertaining to the Sanchuanhe River basin and then determined the effects of climate change and human activities on runoff by comparing the estimated natural runoff that occurred during the period in which humans disturbed the basin to the runoff that occurred during the period prior to disturbance by humans. The results of this study revealed that the S1MHYD rainfall runoff model performs well for estimating monthly discharge. In addition, we found that absolute runoff reductions have increased in response to human activities and climate change, with average reductions of 70.1% and 29.9% in total runoff being caused by human activities and climate change, respectively. Taken together, the results of this study indicate that human activities are the primary cause of runoff reduction in the Sanchuanhe River basin.     

考虑水文变异的黄河干流河道内生态需水研究

气候变化及人类活动导致水文变异,变异前后样本总体分布显著不同,即改变了当地生态系统的水文状况,打破生态平衡。本文使用滑动秩和检验(Mann-Whitney U检验) 分析水文变异,并对水文变异成因做了系统的分析。在此基础上,对变异前各月平均流量序列用线性矩法推求GEV分布参数,求出概率密度最大流量,并将其视为相应月河道内生态流量。本文用该法计算黄河干流7 站各月河道内生态流量,即得河道内生态需水情况。分析表明,考虑水文变异的河道内生态需水计算方法是可行的;水文变异后,黄河流域干流各水文站满足生态需水的频率大大降低,汛期降低幅度比非汛期大;黄河生态系统水环境恶化的主要原因是人类活动。     

浅析环境地球化学的研究现状

环境地球化学是研究环境中化学物质迁移转化规律及其与环境质量和人类健康关系的学科.在其短短30年的发展历程中,历经了环境地球化学与健康、环境地球化学与污染及环境地球化学与全球环境变化3个阶段的研究.由于它是一个新兴的学科和研究对象的复杂性,目前还存在着学科交叉深度与广度的不够、化学物质动态监测不及时、与GIS的结合还不够等一些问题.但是,凭借其良好的发展势头,环境地球化学为改善人类生存与发展的生态环境和促进入类社会的可持续发展承担着艰巨的任务并发挥了巨大的作用.     

Elements and Element Components of the Rural Landscape in Linpan of Western Sichuan in Relation to Perception,Preference and Stress Recovery

Natural environments contribute to people’s perception, preference and health restoration. Many researchers have focused either on the positive effects of overall rural environments on stress recovery or concentrated on the perception and preference aspects of the rural landscape, but few have integrated perception, preference and stress recovery simultaneously. This paper developed a framework which includes 11 elements and 38 element components related to Linpan, China, and distributed it online as part of a survey. As a result, a total of 324 valid questionnaires were collected. The questionnaire included demographic details, perception and preference degree for Linpan, as well as self-estimations of stress recovery. Stepwise multiple linear regression was employed, and revealed 16 significant predictors for the perception, preference and stress recovery in rural environments. In terms of elements, atmosphere and imagery were the two elements that could be best perceived, while woodland, farmland, water, residence and road were the five most important elements for the preference. Moreover, seven elements were also identified as significant predictors for stress recovery. Among the element components, tranquility as well as road and water proximity were the two significant predictors for perception, while wide visibility as well as woodland and residence blending contributed significantly to stress recovery. The five element components of woodland interior, vegetable field, stream, courtyard space and branch road each had a significantly predictive ability for preference and stress recovery. These findings extend the understanding of the perception, preference and restorative properties of rural environments through the combination of elements and element components in Linpan of Western Sichuan, helping to improve the quality and characteristics of rural external and internal environments and create health-promoting environments.     

基于水库调蓄的黄河干流水体交换周期的量化研究

针对黄河流域存在的水危机,探讨水体交换周期的内涵和意义,分析水体蓄变情况下水体交换周期的变化特征,在此基础上建立基于水量调度和河段配水的黄河干流水体交换周期的量化模型,并计算了不同时间尺度下黄河水体交换周期。研究结果表明,水体交换周期可以从不同时间尺度上把握水资源的可更新能力,精确地确定区域水资源总量,指导水库的调蓄计划,为建立可持续利用的水资源供水系统及其管理提供科学依据。     

Characterization of Water Quality in Xiao Xingkai Lake: Implications for Trophic Status and Management

Increasing cases of lake eutrophication globally have raised concerns among stakeholders, and particularly in China. Evaluating the causes of eutrophication in waterways is essential for effective pollution prevention and control. Xiao Xingkai Lake is part of and connected to Xingkai(Khanka) Lake, a boundary lake between China and Russia. In this study, we investigated the spatio-temporal variabilities in water quality(i.e., dissolved oxygen(DO), total nitrogen(TN), total phosphorus(TP), chemica...     

南海东部俯冲洋脊区段地震静态库伦应力分析

根据对马尼拉海沟及其邻区地震分布和震源机制解所反映的最大主压应力轴分布特征的分析,并结合古洋脊俯冲区段地震产生的静态库伦应力分析,发现在马尼拉海沟区域地震分布具有明显的分带特性,北部以NW向挤压应力为主,俯冲洋脊区段以近EW向的挤压应力为主;1999年7.2级地震使得2000年6.2级地震和2011年6.0级地震震中位置的静态库伦应力分别增加了约0.5和0.3 bar;2011年6.0级正断型地震和5.0级余震的静态库伦应力变化能较好地反映与余震分布的对应关系,大部分余震位于库伦应力变化值大于0.1 bar的触发阈值区域;计算古洋脊俯冲区段强震产生的静态库伦应力变化,结果显示海沟西侧小于10 km的深度范围内库伦应力增加值达到0.3~0.5 bar,呈NE向展布,吕宋岛弧一侧20 km深度范围内均表现为应力增加,应力增加区域与地震的分布较为吻合。     

一种非凸包边界约束不规则三角网生成算法

为研究非凸空间离散数据的空间划分,建立了耦合数据集的凸凹性、数据规模、离散度的空间划分的数学模型。利用Laves划分标识[3⁶]对非凸空间离散数据进行有限区域变比例划分,然后通过地形曲面微分单元与数据规模的偏导函数关系,耦合离散度计算空间划分的单元间距和数量。最后通过构建DEM,可视化验证和对比分析发现,耦合模型能够计算出非凸离散空间数据空间划分单元的间距和数量,也能实现不同分辨率的划分单元的无缝拼接;且当试验数据从110组递增至440组时,该模型耗时仅是[4⁴]标识划分和Delaunay的1/10～1/3,且随数据规模成倍增加时耗时基本呈线性增长,收敛性较好,但耗时随离散度增加而增长。     

川西北部广元建峰佛山村发现茅口组油苗剖面

<正>0引言四川盆地是中国最早开发和利用天然气的地区。早在1866年就有中外学者开展对四川盆地油气地质调查勘探研究,1966年在江油发现了中坝构造,于1971年首次在川19井中三叠统雷口坡组获得工业油流,在中坝构造4号井的上三叠统须家河组也获得工业气流,显示了该地区的含油气远景。四川盆地油气资源丰富,以气田居多,油气田主要分布于川南、川东北等地区。     

滑裂面形状对挡土墙主动土压力的影响

滑裂面的准确选取对挡土墙稳定性分析有重要影响。基于塑性极限分析理论,分别推导了直线和对数螺旋线滑移模式下挡土墙主动土压力的计算公式,通过算例对比分析研究了平面滑裂面和对数螺旋滑裂面主动土压力的特点。研究结果表明:直线滑裂面为对数螺旋滑裂面的一种特例,随着滑裂面曲率增大,主动土压力合力作用点逐渐上移,主动土压力合力略有增加,但对墙趾的弯矩显著增加,不利于挡土墙稳定性;挡土墙各参数对直线滑裂面主动土压力合力作用点有不同影响,随着填土内摩擦角、挡墙倾角、填土倾角的增大而上移,随着墙土间摩擦角、黏聚力与容重挡土墙高度的乘积之比的增大而下移,合力作用点位置大致在0.2~0.4倍墙高处,说明主动土压力的非线性分布。研究结果对准确选取滑裂面形状计算挡土墙主动土压力有实际工程应用价值。