“股份+合作”土地流转模式的实践和启示——以宁阳县蒋集镇郑龙村为例

近年来,宁阳县蒋集镇郑龙村对土地流转进行了积极探索,形成了"股份+合作"的土地流转模式,这种模式有一套完整机制,取得了合作多赢的成效,并给国土资源工作一定的启示。这一模式得到国家农业部及省市有关专家充分肯定,认为是全国土地流转成功模式之一。     

古气候演化特征、驱动与反馈及对现代气候变化研究的启示意义

古气候与现代气候变化研究如何有效结合,特别是古气候研究如何为理解现代气候变化过程提供背景条件、边界约束和理论框架,值得深入探讨。文章以现代、历史时期、全新世、晚第四纪和新生代为时间基线,回顾阐述了过去气候演变特征、成因机制及其对现代气候变化研究的启示意义,探讨了过去与现代气候变化融合研究中存在的不确定性。过去气候演化过程的研究,加深了人们对地球气候系统运行机制的理解。研究表明,各个时期中,地球气候经历了不同相位、幅度和速率的变化,气候系统各分量之间发生了复杂的相互作用,以地表温度为代表的地球表面热力环境演化是各不同阶段气候变化的基本表现形式。全球温度变化不仅受到太阳输出辐射、地球轨道参数和地球构造运动等的影响,而且与地球表层水圈中的海洋、冰冻圈中的大陆冰盖、生物圈中的海洋浮游生物和陆地植被,以及大气圈中的温室气体、粉尘气溶胶、水汽和云等活跃组分之间,存在着多尺度复杂反馈作用。在同一时间尺度上,气候系统分量的互馈通路可能是同向的、可比的,各分量之间的对应关系或具有一致性,研究结论对于预估未来气候变化有借鉴意义;但在不同时间尺度上,气候系统各分量之间的相互联系机制可能难有一致性和可比性,古今互鉴,就需要慎重。

     

健康视角下城市建成环境对老年人日常步行活动的影响研究

“健康老龄化”背景下,促进身体活动是提升老年人健康水平的重要方式,也是当前多学科交叉研究的热点。依托南京市居民身体活动调查数据,选择老年人日常生活中最普遍且有益健康的步行活动作为研究主题,探究建成环境的影响,以期为相关理论与实践提供有益探索。研究表明：① 老年人日常步行空间范围可作为步行所涉及建成环境边界,不同类型的主要活动场所则可识别建成环境要素需求差异。② 日常生活所涉及的公共开放空间、商业及公共服务设施的密集性,以及主观建成环境感知对老年人交通性/休闲性步行活动具有显著影响。③ 基于老年人日常步行活动习惯及建成环境对步行活动的影响,可从有效供给日常步行生活空间、积极引导健康生活方式方面提出相应规划策略。     

溶剂萃取原子吸收光谱法测定高纯石英砂中痕量铁

高纯石英砂用HF等溶剂溶解并蒸干后,在微酸性介质中用抗坏血酸还原Fe^3＋为Fe^2＋,与1,10-二氮杂菲形成Fe2＋3络合物,加入适量ClO4^-阴离子与之形成离子缔合物,用硝基苯萃取,原子吸收测定有机相,本法检出限1.1μg/g,样品分析结果的RSD%为：4.52～10.3.     

Facies-controlled volcanic reservoirs of northern Songliao Basin, NE China

Volcanic rocks of the late Mesozoic are very important reservoirs for the commercial natural gases including hydrocarbon, carbon dioxide and rare gases in the northern Songliao Basin. The reservoir volcanic rocks include rhyolite, andesite, trachyte, basalt and tuff. Facies of the volcanic rocks can be classified into 5 categories and 15 special types. Porosity and permeability of the volcanic reservoirs are facies-controlled. Commercial reservoirs were commonly found among the following volcanic subfacies: volcanic neck (I1) , underground-explosive breccia (I3), pyroclastic-bearing lava flow (II3), upper effusive (III3) and inner extrusive ones (IV1). The best volcanic reservoirs are generally evolved in the interbedded explosive and effusive volcanics. Rhyolites show in general better reservoir features than other types of rocks do.     

珠江三角洲滨海小流域离子化学特征及来源分析

在分析中山大学滨海小流域水循环综合试验基地内雨水、河水和地下水离子组分的基础上,讨论了该小流域内水体离子化学组分的特征及来源。结果显示:①河水中TDS变化范围为28.97～44.64 mg/l,平均值为33.90 mg/l;在离子化学组成中,阳离子以Na++K+为主,阴离子以Cl-和HCO3-为主;雨水中TDS的变化范围为0.88～26.07 mg/l,平均值为8.42 mg/l,离子含量变化幅度较大;地下水TDS变化范围为39.49～113.16 mg/l,均值为58.11 mg/l,约为流域河水的2倍,雨水的7倍;②海盐沉降中Ca2+、Mg2+、Na+、K+、SO42-的贡献率:雨季分别为6%、60%、47%、2%和15%,旱季分别为3%、41%、54%、2%、9%;③硅酸盐风化中,雨季:(Ca/Na)sil=0.31,(Mg/K)sil=0.21;旱季:(Ca/Na)sil=0.36,(Mg/K)sil=0.27;CO2消耗率为12.4 t/(km2.a);④河水中的NO3-和(SO42-)res主要来源于大气酸沉降,且具有旱季含量低、雨季含量高的特点;⑤R1潜水井受到一定程度的NO3-污染,NO3-的...     

Groundwater System Division and Description of Asia

Based on landform, climate, river system, geological structure and hydrogeological structure and from the perspective of systematology, the groundwater system of Asia can be divided into 36 secondary groundwater systems under 11 primary ones by the intercontinental scale. This forms part of the work of the groundwater series map of Asia, which is compiled according to groundwater system division and evaluation of the total amount and types of aquifer, reflecting the large-scale features of groundwater resources in Asia. Systematic profiling of groundwater in this way provides a scientific basis for groundwater exploitation planning and management in Asia, and avoiding disputes over groundwater resources and the environment among Asian countries.     

Neumann stochastic finite element method for calculating temperature field of frozen soil based on random field theory

To study the effect of uncertain factors on the temperature field of frozen soil, we propose a method to calculate the spatial average variance from just the point variance based on the local average theory of random fields. We model the heat transfer coefficient and specific heat capacity as spatially random fields instead of traditional random variables. An analysis for calculating the random temperature field of seasonal frozen soil is suggested by the Neumann stochastic finite element method, and here we provide the computational formulae of mathematical expectation, variance and variable coefficient. As shown in the calculation flow chart, the stochastic finite element calculation program for solving the random temperature field, as compiled by Matrix Laboratory (MATLAB) software, can directly output the statistical results of the temperature field of frozen soil. An example is presented to demonstrate the random effects from random field parameters, and the feasibility of the proposed approach is proven by comparing these results with the results derived when the random parameters are only modeled as random variables. The results show that the Neumann stochastic finite element method can efficiently solve the problem of random temperature fields of frozen soil based on random field theory, and it can reduce the variability of calculation results when the random parameters are modeled as spatially random fields.     

香山绝对点周围的局部地壳变形及其对重力测量结果的影响

为了监视北京地区的地壳稳定性，北京测绘院对10多个基岩点和北京市区进行了多次沉降观测，结果表明香山点近10多年来高程变化只有几毫米，其重力效应可略而不计，但测点东北和东南方有两个较大的下沉区。用线积分法计算了两个局部沉降的重力效应，在沉降区中心其影响可达0.38μms^-2，但对香山点的重力效应非常小，完全可以忽略。因此得出如下结论：香山点观测到的重力变化不是地壳变形引起的。     

A multi‐proxy sediment record of late Holocene and recent climate change from a lake near Ny‐Ålesund,Svalbard

Jiang, S., Liu, X., Sun, J., Yuan, L., Sun, L. & Wang, Y. 2011: A multi‐proxy sediment record of late Holocene and recent climate change from a lake near Ny‐Ålesund, Svalbard. Boreas, Vol. 40, pp. 468–480. 10.1111/j.1502‐3885.2010.00198.x. ISSN 0300‐9483 The Arctic constitutes a unique and important environment with a significant role in the dynamics and evolution of the earth system. Arctic lake sediments, which accumulate slowly over time, contain abundant information about the biological communities that lived within the water body, as well as in the surrounding catchment. In this study, we collected a sediment core from Ny‐Ålesund, Svalbard, performed multi‐proxy analyses on sediment pigments, mineral magnetic susceptibility, various sediment quality (i. e. organic matter content, CaCO₃ content, carbon and nitrogen isotope), and diatom composition, and reconstructed the history of ecosystem responses to environmental variations, especially regarding aquatic productivity and lake catchment surface processes. Ny‐Ålesund has undergone distinct ecological and climatic changes. During the Little Ice Age, the cold climate was unfavourable for the growth of lake algae, and therefore the lake primary productivity declined. After about AD 1890 and during the 20th century, the warming climate and reduced ice cover led to rapid lithological change and growth of lake algae, enhanced lake primary productivity, and increased input of nutrients derived from increased chemical weathering into the lake. The lake ecosystem on Ny‐Ålesund has had rapid responses to climatic and environmental changes in the Arctic.