基于多因素加权指数和法的地质灾害治理工程防治成效评价方法研究

地质灾害治理工程防治成效评价是区域防灾减灾工作中的重要环节,既可以用来检验治理工程质量、机理认识及方案选取方面的合理性,又可以为区内后续同类灾害治理工程提供参考借鉴。根据地质灾害治理工程实际,以多因素加权指数和法为理论基础,筛选出3项一级指标（工程实施规范性、防灾减灾有效性、工程发挥效益性）,10项二级指标（治理工程设计合理性、治理工程设计执行情况、工程施工质量合规性、工程运行维护管理、防治目标及功效实现程度、地质灾害危险消除程度、防灾功效发挥程度、社会效益、经济效益、环境效益）构建地质灾害治理工程防治成效综合评价指标体系,采用层次分析法确定各指标权重,以治理工程防治成效多因素加权指数Is的相对大小作为评价治理工程防治成效的定量指标,以天水市工业职业技术学院滑坡治理工程为例,采用多因素加权指数和法对其防治成效进行评价,经检验该模型评价效果良好。     

华北北部地区地下水10年准周期及其与地震活动关系分析

1966年以来华北北部发生5．0级以上地震16次,根据时间上的密集程度可分为5个地震丛。地下水资料经过排出地下水超采造成的趋势下降干扰后,多井地下水资料呈现出10年准周期变化的同步性特征。地震丛发生在地下水多年周期的高值段,低值年份则没有中强以上地震发生。将10年准周期按一定规则分成低值段、上升段、高值段和下降段,在地下水10年周期4个时段的发震概率分别为0％、25％、50％、25％。     

巴东新城区典型库岸深部稳定性分析

为了分析巴东新城区库岸斜坡蓄水后的深部稳定特征,首先,选择巴东新城区扇形斜坡中轴线的白土坡库岸作为典型库岸,以深300余米深部监测钻孔岩芯资料为依据,根据软弱带分布、岩体完整性及岩性特征对深部岩体结构分带;然后,基于各带内岩体的地质强度参数GSI,应用Hoek-Brown准则估算岩体强度参数;最后,采用FLAC数值模拟方法分析了库岸斜坡蓄水后的稳定性特征。结果表明：随着水位的上升斜坡稳定性有下降趋势,但下降值并不明显,白土坡库岸斜坡处于整体稳定状态;当强度折减值至极限状态时,剪应变增量值集中区位于6～10层软弱带集中分布的岩层内,受地震作用时剪应变增值集中区向斜坡深部发展,斜坡潜在滑动面顺层发育;斜坡失稳的前提是前缘向斜反倾段完全塑性贯通。     

红鳍笛鲷胸腺显微结构的研究

通过对红鳍笛鲷胸腺进行形态解剖和显微镜结构的观察,结果表明,红鳍笛鲷的胸腺位于鳃腔背上角深处,紧贴鳃腔膜下,左右各一个,呈对称分布.分为三个区:外区、中区和内区;外区主要含由网状上皮细胞、粘液细胞和少量的淋巴细胞构成;中区和内区分界不明显,中区染色较深,细胞排列紧密,含有较多淋巴细胞,而内区染色较浅,细胞排列疏松,网状细胞明显增多.中区和内区主要由淋巴细胞和网状上皮细胞构成.通过组织化学的染色观察,发现红鳍笛鲷胸腺的分泌细胞分泌旺盛,多糖丰富.胸腺不仅是一个淋巴组织,也是一个免疫器官.     

国际大洋发现计划IODP367/368/368X航次推动南海国际化海洋科考成果

在科技部的支持下, 中国在1998年加入国际大洋钻探计划(International Ocean Drilling Program, IODP), 迄今为止已组织了4+1个航次的大洋钻探。通过IODP-CPP (complimentary proposal project)项目, 我国科学家主导完成了349、367/368/368X多个钻探航次, 实现了对南海张裂—破裂—扩张发育历史的钻探和取样, 对南海生命史的研究起到了重要的约束作用。本文系统总结了367/368/368X航次在南海北部洋陆过渡带钻探取得的最新成果, 证实南海北部陆缘不同于伊比利亚型陆缘, 具有陆洋转换迅速的特点, 洋陆过渡带地壳内有一定程度的同张裂岩浆侵入和底侵。钻探航次在科学上取得了巨大的成功, 钻探结果提升了对陆洋转换过程和机制的认识。航次期间, 广泛而深入的国际交流与合作极大提升了中国科学家对钻探平台管理、国际大团队合作管理以及人才培养和科普互动等各方面的认识, 加快了中国海洋科考国际化的步伐。     

Exploring the deep South China Sea: Retrospects and prospects

Rapid developments of deep-sea researches in China over the past 20 years have promoted the South China Sea(SCS) into the international deep-sea frontiers. The "three deep technologies", namely scientific drilling, long-term seafloor observation and deep submersible vehicles implemented successively in SCS studies helped to achieve a number of scientific breakthroughs. Over the 20 years, five international ocean drilling expeditions to the SCS recovered nearly 10 km of sediment cores from sites at 3–4 km water depths, and drilling into the magmatic basement at 6 sites shed light on the genesis of the SCS basin. Coupled with other deep-sea short core sediments from the SCS, these records demonstrate evidence that water and carbon cycling in the low latitude regions can directly respond to the orbital forcing, and subsequently nurture a new concept of lowlatitude forcing of climate changes, which challenges the classical wisdom of the overwhelming role played by the Arctic icesheet in climate changes. The exploration in the continent-ocean transition zone also reveals a number of specific features that characterize the SCS as a marginal basin formed at the subduction zone in the Western Pacific. The features include active magmatism and rapid rupture of lithosphere through the basin formation process, and imply that "the SCS is not a mini-Atlantic"as they can be distinguished as "plate-edge rifting" and "inner-plate rifting" respectively, thus challenging the universality of the Atlantic model for passive margins. Many more discoveries can be assembled from long-term mooring observations and deep diving cruises in the deep SCS, such as the cyclonic nature of the deep-water circulation, deep-water sediment transport by contour currents and turbidites, manganese nodules, extinct hydrothermal vents, and cold-water coral forests. In addition,prominent progress achieved in microbiology and biogeochemistry includes the microbial carbon pump and the coupling of carbon and nitrogen cycles. Clearly, most achievements of the deep-sea explorations in the SCS over the last 20 years have always been of international scale and impact. However, the contributions from Chinese scientists are most prominent, particularly with the research activities undertaken from the major program "Deep Sea Processes and Evolution of the South China Sea(2011–2018)" supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.     

深海嗜冷希瓦氏菌Shewanella psychrophila WP2的基因组学分析

嗜冷希瓦氏菌Shewanella psychrophila WP2分离自深海沉积物,其拥有目前希瓦氏菌属(Shewanella)中最大的基因组,为6. 4 Mb。通过对S. psychrophila WP2的完整基因组进行系统发育和代谢潜能分析,并与相近菌株进行比较,探究WP2拥有较大基因组的生理和生态意义,深化对Shewanella菌在环境适应性方面的认识。基于串联保守蛋白对WP2基因组进行系统发育分析,根据注释结果对WP2进行代谢通路重建。系统发育进化树显示,WP2属于Group 1分支,和其它嗜冷嗜压Shewanella菌相同,非嗜冷嗜压Shewanella菌株都属于Group 2分支。WP2基因组中与DNA修复、次级代谢产物合成、转运分泌相关的基因数明显多于Shewanella piezotolerans WP3。WP2拥有较多水平转移来源的基因组岛(17个),岛内包含了与嘌呤代谢、氨基糖代谢、运动趋化、群体感应等功能相关的基因。结果表明,通过潜在的水平基因转移,WP2获得了大量的辅助功能基因,增强了它的氮源利用能力、运动和趋化能力,以及应对复杂环境的群体感应能力和抗生素合成功能,从而更加适应生活在寡营养和复杂极端的深海环境。本研究针对S. psychrophila WP2的代谢潜力进行了深入的探索和研究,为将来关于Shewanella菌和微生物的环境适应机制的研究提供了更多数据参考和理论基础。     

Exploration of Antifouling Potential of the Brown Algae Laminaria ‘Sanhai’

Seaweeds are one of the largest producers of biomass in the marine environment.It has been well known that marine algae,especially brown algae was a rich source of biogenic compounds with antifouling potential that could be ideal alternatives of tributyltin(TBT).In this paper,antifouling potential of the brown algae Laminaria ‘sanhai' was explored.Firstly,the dried alga was extracted and the antialgal and antilarval activities were investigated.The EC_(50) and LC_(50) values of crude extract of Laminaria ‘sanhai' against diatom(Skeletonema costatum) and barnacle larval(Chthamalus challengeri) were 8.9 μg mL~(-1) and 12.0 μg mL~(-1) respectively.Then,guided by bioassay,the bioactive substances were isolated by liquid-liquid extraction.The antialgal and antilarval activities of isolated fraction were improved with the EC_(50) value of 7.4 μg mL~(-1) against S.costatum and LC_(50) value of 9.7 μg m L~(-1) against C.challengeri larvae.Identification by IR,Q-TOFMS and GC-MS of the isolated bioactive substances revealed the abundance of fatty acids.These fatty acids,most with 16,18 or 20 carbon atoms,contained myristic,hexadecanoic,oleic,linolenic,arachidonic and eicosapentaenoic acids.The results indicated that both the crude extract and the isolated bioactive substances had high antialgal and antilarval activities with no highlighted cytotoxicity which made the brown algae Laminaria ‘sanhai' a promising source of the environmentally friendly antifoulants.     

渤海湾秋季浮游动物群落特征及影响因素

本研究基于2017年秋季在渤海湾海域以浅水Ⅰ型浮游生物网采集的浮游动物样品,分析了浮游动物的种类组成、丰度分布和生物多样性;通过结合现场获取的环境参数,探讨了环境因子与浮游动物群落特征之间的关系。结果如下:秋季浮游动物调查共鉴定各类浮游动物22种、浮游幼虫6类,合计种类数为28。桡足类为最为优势的类群,其在浮游动物的物种丰富度中占46.4%。渤海湾秋季浮游动物的优势种类共5个,包括中华哲水蚤、小拟哲水蚤、真刺唇角水蚤、近缘大眼水蚤和强壮箭虫。秋季浮游动物平均丰度为86.9ind./m³,平均湿重生物量为640.7mg/m³,香农-威纳指数和物种丰富度指数分别为1.87和1.08。浮游动物丰度与环境因子间的相关性分析表明,秋季影响渤海湾海域浮游动物分布的主要环境因子组合为盐度、叶绿素和浊度。与同期历史数据相比,浮游动物的丰度和生物量均有所下降。     

沧州市地下水资源合理开发可持续发展战略探讨

水是人类生命不可缺少和不可替代的特殊资源。本文通过沧州地下水水文地质条件、资源量、开采现状的阐述,提出了科学的、合理的开发措施。农业直适合开采浅层地下水,少量开采深层地下水;工业及城乡居民饮用宜开采深层地下水,而且深层地下水做为饮用水及工业用水是有保障的,无论对水资源的保护还是对整个社会经济的可持续发展,都将有深远意义和社会效益。