湖北三种地形下AQI特征及其与气象因子的关系

基于2015—2016年湖北省环境监测数据和气象资料,分析了3种地形下空气质量指数(AQI)特征及其与气象因子的关系。结果表明:湖北省年空气质量指数时空分布特征为山区低平原高,冬季高夏季低,日高峰值襄阳出现在中午,武汉和宜昌出现在23:00—24:00;与空气质量指数关系较显著的气象因子包括相对湿度、变温、变压、风、降水等,其中降水对污染物的沉降作用跟空气质量等级有关,污染程度越重,需要清洁空气的雨量越大,轻度以上污染时,需要中雨及以上降水才会产生有效清洁,当降水为微量(1mm以下)时,AQI反而会增长;受不同地形影响,不同城市污染天气输入路径不同,襄阳为北风、武汉西北风、宜昌多弱东风扰动,且襄阳大风速出现的频数较高,而宜昌以小风为主。     

Weekday AOD smaller than weekend AOD in eastern China on the basis of the MODIS AOD product

Theoretical and Applied Climatology - A weekly cycle of surface particulate matter (PM) characterized by smaller values during weekends and larger values during weekdays was reported in eastern...     

The influencing factors and mechanisms of the electromagnetic radiation during rock fracture

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三种大地电磁测量系统的对比研究

1.前言兰州地震研究所是国内最早开展大地电磁测深试验和研究工作的单位之一。在二十多年的观测研究中,使用的大地电磁测量系统经历了三个阶段:初期为兰州地震研究所研制的静磁原理、光电倍增管电路、模拟记录的大地电磁记录系统;中期为国家地震局北京地质所、兰州地震研究所等单位联合研制的感应原理磁力仪、模拟记录的LH—1型大地电磁记录系统;近期为德国进口的感应原理磁力仪的全自动数字化记录的MMS02E大地电     

青海东昆仑尕林格铁多金属矿床辉石闪长岩U-Pb年代学及地球化学特征

对青海尕林格矿区与成矿有关的辉石闪长岩的地球化学特征研究显示,该辉石闪长岩属于偏铝质、钙碱性系列岩石,明显富集活泼不相容元素Th、U和轻稀土元素,相对亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta、Ti和P,具弱的负Eu异常(δEu介于0.924~0.962)。岩石εHf(t)值为-3.79~-1.70,二阶段模式年龄为TDM2为1 223~1 339 Ma。尕林格闪长岩锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb加权平均年龄为228±2 Ma(MSWD=0.32),为晚三叠世。综合前人研究成果,认为在巴颜喀拉地块与东昆仑地块碰撞-后碰撞转换阶段俯冲的阿尼玛卿洋壳板片发生断离,引起地幔物质上涌至古老的下地壳底部,使其发生部分熔融并混入部分幔源物质,形成尕林格辉石闪长岩石。     

一次输电线路覆冰舞动事故灾害性天气分析

利用WRF模式和Jones电线积冰模型对发生在2010年2月10—11日湖北地区的电线覆冰舞动事故的天气过程进行分析,并对灾害性天气的可预报性进行初步探讨。结果表明:Jones电线积冰模型基于观测降水数据计算积冰厚度在1.3~5.4mm,与观测量级相同。由于WRF模式对此次天气过程的降水量模拟偏大而高估了电线积冰厚度。WRF模式模拟的10m风速风向与观测的一致性较好,模拟本次过程的风速为5~10m·s-1,风向为偏北风,而湖北地区输电线路以东西走向为主,较容易发生舞动事故。     

T-E染色法用于对虾暴发性流行病的现场快速诊断

用Ｔ－Ｅ染色法可对该病进行现场快速诊断。取发病对虾的胃上皮区组织 或鳃组织，用Ｔ－Ｅ染液进行压片染色，可观察到上皮细胞核和结缔组织细胞核的病 毒性病理变化：细胞核质被挤到核的边沿，核内空泡化。发病严重的对虾胞核显著 膨大，核内呈嗜伊红着色。用这一染色法在现场仅需１０ｍｉｎ就可掌握对虾的细胞病 理变化，诊断结果与组织切片的Ｈ－Ｅ染色法一致。     

东海2万年来碳酸盐溶解作用变化:翼足类的记录

对东海84个表层沉积样品和5个重力柱状样中的翼足类和浮游有孔虫丰度、浮游有孔虫碎壳率和底栖有孔虫群中胶结质类的比例等进行了定量分析,确定了东海现代文石补偿深度（ACD）位于约600 m处,碳酸盐溶跃面在约1 400 m处.末次冰期时随着碳酸盐溶解作用的显著减弱,ACD大幅度下降至现代的1 000 m之下.     

Quaternary biogenic opal records in the South China Sea: Linkages to East Asian monsoon, global ice volume and orbital forcing

Particulate fluxes investigated in the central South China Sea (SCS) during 1993―1996 indicate that opal flux can be used to show primary productivity change, which provides a foundation for tracing the evolutionary relationship between the surface productivity and East Asian monsoon in the SCS during the late Quaternary glacial and interglacial periods. Based on the studies of opal % and their mass accumulation rates (MAR) at the six sites recovered from the SCS during the “Resolution” ODP Leg 184 and “Sonne” 95 cruise of the Sino-Germany cooperation, opal % and their MARs increased evidently in the northern sites since 470―900 ka, and they enhanced and reduced, respectively, during the glacial and interglacial periods. Whereas they increased obviously in the southern sites since 420―450 ka, and they augmented and declined, respectively, during the interglacial and glacial periods. The vari- ability in opal % and their MARs in the late Quaternary glacial cyclicity indicate the “seesaw” pattern of surface productivity in the SCS. The winter monsoon intensified during the glacial periods, surface productivity increased and decreased, respectively, in the northern and southern SCS. The summer monsoon strengthened during the interglacial periods, surface productivity increased and decreased, respectively, in the southern and northern SCS. The cross spectral analyses between the opal % in the northern and southern SCS during the Quaternary and global ice volume (δ 18O) and orbital forcing (ETP) indicate that the East Asian winter and summer monsoons could be ascribed to the different drive mechanisms. On the orbital time scale, the global ice volume change could be a dominant factor for the winter monsoon intension and temporal variations. As compared with the winter monsoon, the correlative summer solar radiation with the obliquity and precession in the Northern Hemisphere could be a mostly controlling factor for the summer monsoon intension and temporal variations.     

北京地区夏末秋初气象要素对PM2.5污染的影响

利用北京宝联站及北京上甸子大气本底站2006—2008年的7—9月PM_2.5连续观测资料以及北京市观象台的探空数据、海淀气象站的风廓线雷达和降水量等资料,对北京地区夏末秋初PM_2.5的质量浓度特征及其与气象要素的关系进行了统计分析。结果表明:城区站各月平均PM_2.5质量浓度明显高于郊区站,高空偏南气流的输送是造成城区及本底地区出现细颗粒物污染的主要原因。从地面风速来看,城区当北风和南风分别达到2 m·s-1和3.5 m·s-1以上时能起到扩散作用;郊区在低风速的北风条件下也能起到扩散和稀释作用,而南风基本上对郊区的颗粒物无扩散作用。PM_2.5质量浓度在降水前后的清除量与降水量、初始质量浓度均呈正相关关系,城区及郊区的云下清除过程更多取决于降水前污染物的浓度,降水量作用较弱。当混合层高度突破1500 m时,垂直扩散对污染物的稀释扩散效果明显。