近49年华南“龙舟水”的降水分型

采用旋转经验正交函数分解法(REOF)对华南地区1961—2009年"龙舟水"进行了降水分型,并采用线性倾向估计法、经验模态分解(EMD)、Morlet小波分析和Mann—Kendall检测等分析方法对各降水型的时空特征进行了研究。结果发现:华南"龙舟水"具有东南沿海型、北部型和西南沿海3种优势降水型,并存在着6~8 a的周期振荡。近49年东南沿海型(北部型和西南沿海型)呈现一致的下降(上升)趋势,华南"龙舟水"在20世纪90年代中期至今主要呈现北部型,但近几年东南沿海型和西南沿海型对应显著正距平。东南沿海型和北部型分别在20世纪70年代中后期和90年代初各有一次突变,而西南沿海型没有发生明显的突变。最后,从西太平洋副热带高压、阻塞高压、季风槽、低层切变线、垂直速度和整层水汽输送等方面对比了"龙舟水"期间3种不同降水型所对应的大气环流异同。     

北黄海盆地东部坳陷火成岩地震相识别与分布预测

北黄海盆地东部坳陷火成岩分布复杂并具有多期性,直接影响了油气成藏作用,然而目前对其空间分布尚缺乏深入认识,制约着该区勘探开发的部署。利用全三维地震资料,根据地震反射特征识别出了不同类型的火成岩地震相模式,并对其不同特征进行了分析,通过地震相识别进行平面追踪,结合时间切片三维地震技术及属性分析对火成岩分布进行了预测。结果表明,北黄海盆地东部坳陷主要发育柱状、尖峰状、蘑菇状和丘状4种火成岩反射地震相;研究区火成岩分区性较明显,主要发育3处火成岩体,分别位于东部隆起剥蚀区、坳陷中部和坳陷的西北部。     

融合地形和土壤特征的流域蓄水容量模型

以van Genuchten模型表述的土壤水分特征曲线为基础,推导出流域单点缺水量,并结合TOPMODEL模型中地形指数与地下水位关系,建立了反映地形和土壤特征共同影响的蓄水容量模型,通过统计方法从栅格尺度蓄水容量获得流域尺度蓄水容量曲线,取代传统新安江模型中率定的蓄水容量曲线。以淮河流域紫罗山子流域为例,分析地形特征与土壤类型对蓄水容量的影响;并与实测流量过程以及原新安江模型模拟的流量过程对比,表明模型能较好地模拟场次洪水过程。模型将蓄水容量曲线显式表述,减少了新安江模型参数,为无资料地区的水文模拟提供了分析方法。     

Variations in Frequency and Intensity of Strong Tropical Cyclones Affecting China During

 Based on tropical cyclone track dataset in the western North Pacific from China Meteorological Administration (CMA), variations in frequency and intensity of tropical cyclones (TCs) in the western North Pacific, affecting-China TCs (ACTCs) and landfall TCs (LTCs) achieving a typhoon intensity during 1957-2004 were studied. Frequencies of strong tropical cyclones showed significant decreasing trends from 1957 to 2004 and the linear trend was much greater when the intensity was stronger. There was no linear trend in the portion of strong tropical cyclones achieving a typhoon (TY) intensity, while those reaching a strong typhoon (STY) and a super typhoon (SuperTY) intensity showed decreasing trends during 1957-2004. The maximum intensities of TCs, ACTCs and LTCs all decreased during the period of 1957-2004. The mean intensities of TCs and ACTCs displayed decreasing trends and the mean intensity of LTCs achieving a TY intensity also showed a decreasing trend.     

汶川特大地震灾后多源遥感影像处理技术及信息提取方法

5.12汶川特大地震发生后,灾区地面交通瘫痪,遥感技术为准确掌握灾情发挥了宏观快速的优势.灾区震后遥感影像来源丰富,通过分析从不同遥感平台和传感器获取到的灾区震后遥感影像的特点,探讨了多源遥感影像的处理方法,特别是针对非标准航空影像处理提出了解决思路.并归纳了基于多源数据进行震害信息提取,确定滑坡、泥石流等地质灾害体地理位置的几种技术及方法.     

南海沉积物漫反射光谱反映的220ka以来东亚夏季风变迁

对南海越南岸外“太阳号”95航次17954孔220ka以来的沉积样品进行了漫反射光谱分析, 并从中提取F1和F2两个主因子及亮度和红度等漫反射光谱特征值, 发现漫反射光谱F1值和亮度反映了沉积物中的碳酸盐含量, 而漫反射光谱F2值和红度反映了沉积物中的铁氧化物含量, 后者可用作东亚夏季风的替代性指标.17954孔沉积物的漫反射光谱F2值显示, 倒数第二次冰消期东亚夏季风快速增长时间约在129ka; 本次工作还发现东亚夏季风在两次冰消期前的氧同位素2阶段和6阶段晚期各有一个异常强盛的时期.漫反射分析结果显示东亚夏季风主要受控于太阳辐射强度变化, 并明显地受低纬地区气候的影响.      

万州侏罗纪红层软弱夹层特征

在万州侏罗纪红层中,连续分布多层产状稳定、厚度较大的软弱夹层。经X射线衍射分析、红外光谱分析及扫描电镜观察：软弱夹层主要矿物成分为蒙脱石、长石、α-石英、伊利石、绿泥石等;其微观结构以片状结构为主,微裂隙和微孔隙发育,有少量网格结构,局部可见粘土矿物定向排列。野外调研表明：软弱夹层曾经受较强的构造挤压作用,部分已发生层间剪切破坏,从而导致剪切强度降低。对软弱夹层的物理力学性质进行试验研究可知：软弱夹层为中等膨胀性土;且一旦遇水饱和,其剪切强度将大幅度下降。这些特征说明,在特定的条件下,软弱夹层容易成为基岩滑坡的滑动面。     

菲律宾蛤仔苗种土池中间培育及越冬生产实验

利用2．6hm^2和3．13hm^2 2个养虾池,经过池底清淤、底质改良、敌害清除、培养用水处理、繁殖基础饵料生物等工作后,分别移入在室内培育的菲律宾蛤仔（Ruditapes philippinarum（Adams et Reeve））壳顶后期幼虫和双水管稚贝各80亿粒和9．7亿粒,经土池中间培育、越冬后,生产出2000-3000粒／500g幼贝7．9亿粒。自移入幼虫和稚贝到幼苗出池,成活率分别为4．5％和44．3％,达到了较高水平的中间培育、越冬成活率。     

A Preliminary Interpretation of Near-field Observation Data of the Zhangbei Earthquake

In this paper, a preliminary data processing was made for tbe aftershock records or theZhangbei M6.2 earthquake on Jan. 10, 1998. The hypocenters of 205 earthquakes with M_L≥0.5 were located. The result shows that most aftershockS were concentrated in a more than10 km long and 5～8 km wide NE-trending beIt. The source mechanism solutions of largeraftersbocks were also calculated, from which it can be inferred that the faulted zone of themain shock is an NE-trending fault. Furthermore, the spectral analysis of P waves was made.The corner frequency is about 10 Hz.     

Role of climate in the rise and fall of Neolithic cultures on the Yangtze Delta

Climatic changes in the Yangtze Delta have played an important role in the emergence, persistence and collapse of civilization. Archaeological excavations in the region over many years have demonstrated that there are several layers of fine sand or organic mud that interrupt the consecutive culture strata in a number of Neolithic culture sites. Continuous biostratigraphical and sedimentological records from the Maqiao cultural site, Shanghai, suggest that the fine sand and organic mud units resulted from expansion of water bodies both by sea-level fluctuations and from increased flooding during cold and humid episodes of Holocene climates. The absence of human settlement from 7240 BP to 5320 BP in the region was mainly caused by higher sea levels resulting from a warm and humid climate. The Neolithic cultures developed under conditions of lower and more stable sea level as well as warmer and dryer climates between about 4410 BP and 3250 BP. A flood-induced lake expansion interrupted the civilization in the region at about 4200 BP. Later, higher water tables and expansion of lakes between 3250 BP and AD 618 under a cold and moist climate temporarily terminated settlement on the delta. Later, during the Tang Dynasty, beginning at about AD 618, the region again became suitable for human settlement under conditions of more favourable climate and lower water tables.