Different provenance of separate loess sites in Yangtze River Basin and its paleoenvironmental implications

The dust deposits in the Yangtze River Basin(YRB) have been widely distributed along the Yangtze River valley. Previous studies mainly concentrated in its provenance of each loess site,however, the differences in provenance of loess among different sites in this area have rarely been studied. Here, the geochemical characteristics of the20 μm fraction in the loess in separate Jiujiang,Xuancheng and Nanjing sites were analyzed. The result shows that the loess in Jiujiang and Nanjing sites, near Yangtze River riverway, share similar geochemical characteristics that may commonly derived from the detrital materials of Yangtze River.However, both sites have significantly different elemental compositions compared with Xuancheng site, which is ～60 km away from the Yangtze River riverway. These sites share different geochemical characteristics with Eastern Qinling Mountains and Xifeng section on the Chinese Loess Plateau, North China. Combining the distribution of the aeolian sand hills and the loess in this area published by previous studies, we suggest that the exposed river valley floodplain caused by weak summer monsoon provided abundant materials to form local dust cells controlled by strong winter monsoon during the glacial periods. Therefore, those local loess deposits should be identified as the "valley-sourced loess".These reveal the inherent connection between the monsoon system and the loess deposits in Yangtze River Basin.     

Consumption of Ecosystem Services in Laos

The exponential increase of ecosystem utilization has instigated a serious conflict between ecosystem services and residents’ needs. The Belt and Road Initiative has greatly influenced Laotian production and living, and the scientific assessment of the consumption of ecosystem services in Laos is important for exploring residents’ influence on the ecosystem. Based on data for the Laotian consumption of agricultural products, fruits and livestock products during 1961-2013, normalized by either harvest index or feed conversion ratio, this study draws three main conclusions. 1) Ecosystem service consumption in Laos is centered on the consumption of farmland, forestry and grassland ecosystem services, which account for over 80%, over 10% and under 2%, showing downward, upward and constant trends, respectively. The consumption of these ecosystem services shows a trend of increasing first, then fluctuating, and finally increasing. 2) The consumption of ecosystem services in Laos was characterized by the mode of “dominance of consumption of the farmland ecosystem services” from 1961 to 2008, and the mode of “balanced development of consumption of farmland, forest and grassland ecosystem services” from 2008 to 2013, with a trend of transformation from the former into the latter. 3) The formation and change in the consumption mode of Laotian ecosystem services have been affected by both supply and trade. Laos developed agriculture mainly during the period from 1961 to 2008, forming the mode of “dominance of consumption of the farmland ecosystem services”. This development benefited from the enriched varieties of imports as well as the increased value of trade and import volume. However, the consumption of ecosystem services in Laos after 2008 changed from the mode of “dominance of consumption of the farmland ecosystem services” to one of “balanced development of consumption of farmland, forest and grassland ecosystem services”. This study provides an empirical reference for research on the consumption of ecosystem services.     

The Scientific Conceptual Framework for Ecological Quality of the Dryland Ecosystem: Concepts,Indicators, Monitoring and Assessment

The dryland ecosystem is the dominant component of the global terrestrial ecosystem since arid regions occupy 45% of the earth’s land area and feed 38% of the world's population. The stability and sustainable development of the dryland ecosystem are critical for achieving the millennium development goal (MDG) in the arid and semiarid areas. However, there is still no scientific guideline for measuring and conserving the health and productivity of dryland ecosystems. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to develop the scientific conceptual framework of defining, monitoring and evaluating the ecological quality of dryland ecosystems. The ecological quality of dryland ecosystems is represented by a system of comprehensive indicators that are each extracted from the ecological elements, and structural and functional indices of the ecosystem. These indicators can be monitored by integrating satellites and unmanned aerial vehicles with ground-based sensor networks at the scale of either observational sites or regional scales. Finally, the ecological quality can be evaluated by evaluation models based on the normalized index values and their thresholds. This paper presents a conceptual framework for monitoring and evaluating the ecological quality of drylands, which provides a way of advancing the monitoring, diagnosis, and evaluation of the ecological quality of the dryland ecosystems.     

南大西洋两岸盆地海相烃源岩特征与控制因素

南大西洋两岸盆地漂移期层系油气资源十分丰富,通过对两岸重点盆地漂移期主力烃源岩发育层位、生烃潜力、识别特征和分布范围对比分析,明确两岸发育早、晚两套主力海相烃源岩。其中,晚期的赛诺曼-土仑阶海相烃源岩分布范围较广。整体上,两岸北段和赤道段盆地漂移期主力烃源岩地化指标优于中段和南段盆地,西非一侧海域盆地烃源岩地化指标优于南美一侧盆地。在对重点钻井的矿物元素化验分析、沉积相和古地理分析基础之上,总结了局限海湾的古地理背景和沉积相带类型控制优质海相烃源岩发育程度和分布范围的规律,并进一步指出南大西洋两岸北段和赤道段盆地漂移期成熟生烃灶平面分布范围内的深水沉积砂体是主要有利勘探方向,以找油为主,中段含盐盆地内紧邻盐微盆的漂移期深水沉积砂体勘探潜力次之。     

长江三角洲蓝图重绘的基础科学问题:进展与未来研究

在全球气候变化和人类活动影响加剧的背景下,作为河口海岸重要子系统的三角洲正在发生快速变化。长江三角洲地处长江入东海交汇处,是中国最重要的经济核心区之一,对邻近区域乃至整个长江经济带经济社会发展都起着重要作用。由于全球变暖、海面上升和强烈人类活动引发了三角洲系统状态转换,因此以往基于恒定系统状态而获得的有关长江三角洲的认识已不能满足未来需求,迫切需要对未来海面变化、极端事件、流域与河口工程影响下的三角洲物质循环条件、物理过程、地貌冲淤演化、源-汇格局调整等科学问题进行深入研究。在三角洲系统行为、未来演化趋势的预测能力建设中,应重视从海面到海底的综合立体观测系统的发展,以获取关键数据;基于三角洲系统的时、空演化特征,建立三角洲本征态和衍生态的谱系理论。未来需针对系统状态转换而调整原先的经济社会发展模式,以便保护自然资源、重建生态系统,更好地支撑长江经济带发展,重绘长江三角洲发展蓝图。     

改进的最小曲率迭代法在重力剖面数据插值中的应用

基于将约束点也作为待解算结点的思想,对传统最小曲率迭代法进行改进。改进后的方法在待解算结点周围存在约束点时,避免了根据约束点与待解算结点之间的不同关系需要进行分类推导的复杂过程,同时也避免了因使用泰勒展开式进行分解造成的精度损失,提高了解算精度。     

北斗三号组网卫星数据质量分析及单系统定轨精度初步评估

选取2018-01-23起10 d内16个iGMAS测站观测数据,对北斗三号卫星的观测数据质量及BDS单系统精密定轨精度进行评估。初步结果表明,老信号B1I、B3I北斗三号卫星的信噪比略强于二号卫星,噪声与多路径基本相当,均在0.1 m量级,新卫星不存在星内多路径偏差。新信号B1C/L1/E1频点GPS信噪比最强,Galileo和BDS卫星相当,B2a/L5/E5a和B2b/E5b各系统基本相当;噪声及多路径方面,B1C/L1/E1频点GPS优于BDS、Galileo卫星0.1 m量级,B2a/L5/E5a和B2b/E5b各系统基本相当,均在0.1 m量级,新信号中北斗三号卫星星内多路径偏差基本消失。单系统精密定轨试验中,分别进行有/无GEO卫星策略、太阳光压模型ECOM 五/九参数策略的比较,并使用卫星激光测距数据进行独立检核。初步结果表明,有GEO卫星、ECOM五参数光压模型的定轨精度最好,C19号卫星7个重叠弧段的平均定轨精度在沿迹向、法向、径向的精度分别为32 cm、16 cm、8 cm,与试验卫星的定轨精度基本相当。     

贵州省市州域经济差异的时空演变

区域经济差异一直是国内外研究的热点,本文以贵州省9个市州为研究单位,选取10个经济发展指标,运用全局主成分分析,结合GIS技术,测度了贵州省9个市州域2006～2016年10年来经济差异的时空演变。结果表明:贵州省各市州区域经济内部差异明显,经济增长存在较强空间关联性,上升区与下降区均集中分布;各项指标数值相对比较大的地区,最终得分不一定高。     

新一代电子航海图面图案结构的SVG表达

针对电子航海图现行符号标准S-52难以利用和扩展的问题,分析研究了S-52标准中面图案的结构表达方法,提出了两种新方案:一是基于SVG的电子航海图面图案结构表达方法,二是基于SVG与XML参数的电子航海图面图案结构表达方法。最后,按照第二种方案,实现了S-52面图案的重构和转换,构建了完整的电子航海图面图案符号集合。