塔里木盆地库鲁克塔格奥陶系牙形石色变指标与有机质成熟度的关系

应用牙形石色变指标(CAI)对塔里木盆地孔雀河斜坡东北段南雅尔当山剖面奥陶系有机质成熟度进行了研究,得出的结果是南雅尔当山却尔却克组产出的牙形石色变指标CAI值为2~2.5,有机质处于成熟阶段.综合研究认为,本区奥陶系烃源岩在中奥陶世逐渐进入生烃门限并快速成熟;在奥陶纪末达到经历的最大古地温,顶部为80℃,底部为180℃,之后遭受抬升剥蚀,区域剥蚀量在2 300 m左右.本区奥陶系烃源岩存在3种生烃类型:第Ⅰ种为南雅尔当山型,为非有效烃源岩;第Ⅱ种为群克1井部分生烃型,奥陶纪末抬升剥蚀后埋深在2 500 m以上的烃源岩(Ⅱ-1型)停止生烃,埋深在2 500 m以下的烃源岩(Ⅱ-2型)持续生烃;第Ⅲ种为二次生烃型,当中新生代的快速沉积使Ⅱ-1型烃源岩顶部埋深达到3 200 m时,相同层位的烃源岩达到经历的最大古地温,开始二次生烃,生烃潜力最大.     

基于多源卫星图像融合的水坝检测方法的研究

本文提出了一种基于多源卫星图像融合的水坝检测方法，该方法在特征级融合的模式下，利用多源卫星图像特征信息互补的优势，先后提取多个卫星图像中目标的特征信息，再通过多传感器数据融合方法中的逻辑模板法对特征进行融合，得到系统的目标结果输出。试验结果显示，该算法能在大幅复杂背景下有效地对水坝进行检测并定位，并减少了单源卫星图像进行目标检测的错判、误判率。整个算法能完全实现自动检测，可达到预想的目的。     

Joint processing and analysis of seismic gravity measurements in Capital Circle area

In Capital Circle area, there are three groups of repeated gravity measurements observed by different institutes using different instruments or methods. The simultaneous adjustment of absolute and relative measurements and the elimination of systematic error among the relative measurements have been carded out in this paper. Thus an unified temporal gravity change system with absolute reference has been established. On the basis of this, the crustal subsidence effect on gravity, which belongs to non-tectonic factor, is analyzed and the station displacement corrections are carried out, so that the long-wave disturbance is eliminated. So far our following aims are realized： the advantages of the absolute and relative measurement methods are complementary to each other; the contradiction and environment disturbance are eliminated; the amounts of information are enlarged; the sampling interval of time domain is compressed. In a word, the ability of identifying the tectonic activity process is enhanced. The results show that： there are systematic errors between the two groups of relative measurements and within the data of 10 campaigns ; the uneven local crustal subsidence in the southeast of the study area results in a linear rise of gravity value at 10 stations; they can be corrected by the regression analysis. The maps of revised temporal gravity change can obviously and integrally reflect the Ms=5.0 earthquake in Guye on October 6, 1995.     

氮氧同位素在河流硝酸盐研究中的应用

多年来，世界各地河流普遍存在硝酸盐污染问题。为控制河流的硝酸盐污染，确定河水中硝酸盐的来源以及研究氮的循环过程就显得尤为重要。由于在不同成因下，硝酸盐的δ¹⁵N和δ¹⁸O存在着较大差异，因此利用氮、氧同位素方法研究河流硝酸盐问题正日益受到国内外研究人员的重视。综述了用硝酸盐中氮、氧同位素来研究河流硝酸盐的不同来源(大气沉降、化肥、牲畜粪、土壤硝酸盐等)和示踪其地球化学循环过程，特别是反硝化过程，这两方面的研究进展，并对我国河流硝酸盐研究现状进行了讨论及提出今后的研究方向。      

地震序列较强余震最小二乘拟合预测的方法研究

本研究给出了针对地震序列较强余震发生时间进行快速预测的一种方法,即最小二乘拟合预测方法.该方法包括:最小二乘拟合预测模型的建立、预测模型的各种可信性检验及模型预测等内容.震例研究表明,该方法在大(强)地震现场震情分析中可望发挥积极作用.     

Comment and reply regarding Changyou Zhang (1995) A general formula and its inverse formula for gravimetric transformation by use of convolution and deconvolution techniques.

The incorrectness in the derivations of error formula (52) in Zhang's paper is pointed out and the correction is given. Table 3 [list of error formulae of Eqs (5)–(8)] in Zhang's paper is also corrected. Received: 25 February 1998 / Accepted: 30 June 1998     

用T/P测高数据反演海域重力异常

以反解 Stokes公式为数学模型 ,应用由 T/ P测高数据计算的大地水准面高反演了海域平均重力异常 ,并与船测平均重力异常和 OSU91A位模型计算的平均重力异常进行了比对分析 ,得出了一些有益的结论。     

空间直角坐标和大地坐标的转换

目前国内在空间直角坐标和大地坐标转换公式使用问题上 ,还明显缺乏必要的统一性。针对这个问题 ,本文作者在全面分析和比较国内外现有各种转换方法的基础上 ,重点推荐和介绍根据 Bowring研究思路导出的转换公式 ,这组公式既简单又具有很高的计算精度 ,能够满足各个部门的使用要求     

综合台站观测资料信息管理系统的技术特点

介绍了为配合闽南地震示范工程的开展而开发的《综合地震台观测资料信息管理系统》程序设计的基本原则、总体结构及功能,并给出了操作流程示意图和简要说明。     

UPPER CRUSTAL VELOCITY STRUCTURE AND CONSTRAINING FAULT INTERPRETATION FROM SHUNYI-TANGGU REFRACTION EXPERIMENT DATA

The urban active fault survey is of great significance to improve the development and utilization of urban underground space, the urban resilience, the regional seismic reference modeling, and the natural hazard prevention. The Beijing-Tianjin metropolitan region with the densest population is one of the most developed and most important urban groups, located at the northeastern North China plain. There are several fault systems crossing and converging in this region, and most of the faults are buried. The tectonic setting of the faults is complex from shallow to deep. There are frequent historical earthquakes in this area, which results in higher earthquake risk and geological hazards. There are two seismicity active belts in this area. One is the NE directed earthquake belt located at the east part of the profile in northern Ninghai near the Tangshan earthquake region. The other is located in the Beijing plain in the northwest of the profile and near the southern end of Yanshan fold belt, where the 1679 M8.0 Sanhe-Pinggu earthquake occurred, the largest historical earthquake of this area. Besides, there are some small earthquake activities related to the Xiadian Fault and the Cangdong Fault at the central part of the profile.
The seismic refraction experiment is an efficient approach for urban active fault survey, especially in large- and medium-size cities. This method was widely applied to the urban hazard assessment of Los Angeles. We applied a regularized tomography method to modeling the upper crustal velocity structure from the high-resolution seismic refraction profile data which is across the Beijing-Tianjin metropolitan region. This seismic refraction profile, with 185km in length, 18 chemical explosive shots and 500m observation space, is the profile with densest seismic acquisition in the Beijing-Tianjin metropolitan region up to now. We used the trial-error method to optimize the starting velocity model for the first-arrival traveltime inversion. The multiple scale checker board tests were applied to the tomographic result assessment, which is a non-linear method to quantitatively estimate the inversion results. The resolution of the tomographic model is 2km to 4km through the ray-path coverage when the threshold value is 0.5 and is 4km to 7km through the ray-path coverage when the threshold value is 0.7. The tomographic model reveals a very thick sediment cover on the crystalline basement beneath the Beijing-Tianjin metropolitan region. The P wave velocity of near surface is 1.6km/s. The thickest sediment cover area locates in the Huanghua sag and the Wuqing sag with a thickness of 8km, and the thinnest area is located at the Beijing sag with a thickness of 2km. The thickness of the sediment cover is 4km and 5km in the Cangxian uplift and the Dacang sag, respectively. The depth of crystalline basement and the tectonic features of the geological subunits are related to the extension and rift movement since the Cenozoic, which is the dynamics of formation of the giant basins.
It is difficult to identify a buried fault system, for a tomographic regularization process includes velocity smoothing, and limited by the seismic reflection imaging method, it is more difficult to image the steep fault. Velocity and seismic phase variations usually provide important references that describe the geometry of the faults where there are velocity differences between the two sides of fault. In this paper, we analyzed the structural features of the faults with big velocity difference between the two sides of the fault system using the velocity difference revealed by tomography and the lateral seismic variations in seismograms, and constrained the geometry of the major faults in the study region from near surface to upper crust. Both the Baodi Fault and the Xiadian Fault are very steep with clear velocity difference between their two sides. The seismic refraction phases and the tomographic model indicate that they both cut the crystalline basement and extend to 12km deep. The Baodi Fault is the boundary between the Dachang sag and the Wuqing sag. The Xiadian Fault is a listric fault and a boundary between the Tongxian uplift and the Dachang sag. The tomographic model and the earthquake locations show that the near-vertical Shunyi-Liangxiang Fault, with a certain amount of velocity difference between its two sides, cuts the crystalline basement, and the seismicity on the fault is frequent since Cenozoic. The Shunyi-Liangxiang Fault can be identified deep to 20km according to the seismicity hypocenters.
The dense acquisition seismic refraction is a good approach to construct velocity model of the upper crust and helpful to identify the buried faults where there are velocity differences between their two sides. Our results show that the seismic refraction survey is a useful implement which provides comprehensive references for imaging the fault geometry in urban active fault survey.