新疆西准噶尔发现早泥盆世埃达克岩:大地构造及成矿意义

新疆西准噶尔博什库尔-成吉斯(Boshchekul-Chingiz)岩浆弧南缘,额敏县东南约100km的阿克乔克含铜花岗闪长岩和花岗闪长斑岩,其锆石U-Pb年龄为410.5±2.9Ma,形成于泥盆世早期.岩石具有埃达克岩的地球化学特征,表现为高钾钙碱性-钙碱性,SiO2含量在61％～66％之间,具高Al(Al2O3=15.67％ ～ 16.87％)、Sr(475×10-6 ～ 879×10-6)及高Sr/Y比值(36 ～77),低Y(9.87×10-6～14.46×10-6)、Yb(0.96×10-6～ 1.49×10-6),富钠贫钾(Na2O =4.25％ ～5.58％,K2O=2.26％ ～3.27％,Na2O/K2O=1.40～ 2.47),MgO=1.51％ ～2.58％,Mg#=41～48,并显示富集强不相容元素(Ba、Rb、Sr、Th、U)和LREE,(La/Yb)N=6.0～10.2,强烈亏损高场强元素(Nb-Ta、Ti),Y/Yb=10,无Eu异常(Eu/Eu*≈1.0)和HREE呈平坦型的配分特点,以及与环太平洋新生代埃达克岩相当的Rb/Sr(0.04 ～0.07)和La/Ce(0.42 ～0.51)比值,但偏低的Nb/U比值可能与俯冲沉积物加入有关.阿克乔克花岗闪长岩及花岗闪长斑岩是早泥盆世早期库吉拜-和布克赛尔(Kujibai-Hebukesaier)及洪古勒楞蛇绿岩带所代表的古大洋向南俯冲的玄武质洋壳部分熔融的产物,源区残留相主要为角闪石+辉石+石榴石,源岩应为石榴角闪岩;阿克乔克早泥盆世埃达克岩及谢米斯台-赛尔山晚志留世-早泥盆世A-型花岗岩(422～405 Ma,Chen et al.,2010)构造岩浆岩带可东延至扎河坝-阿尔曼太蛇绿岩带之北的岛弧带,构成一条贯穿东、西准噶尔北部的巨型构造带;阿克乔克埃达克岩伴有斑岩型Cu成矿作用,因此,在东、西准噶尔博什库尔-成吉斯-达拉特-巴依塔格巨型岩浆弧带有可能存在与埃达克岩有关的Cu-Au矿带.     

海相火山—沉积建造区铜,多金属成矿系列及铁—铜型矿床的勘查前景

拟建了海相火山岩地区的铁－铜－硫成矿系列,它包含两个亚系列,即含铜黄铁矿型亚系列和含铜铁矿型亚系列;并充分肯定了铁－铜型矿床的潜在地位与勘查前景,为新一轮矿产资源大调查拓宽了思路,为铜、多金属矿产的勘查扩展了就矿（铁矿、黄铁矿）找矿（铜、铅、锌、金）的有效途径。     

东昆仑清水泉蛇纹岩中铬铁矿环带成因

东昆仑造山带清水泉超基性岩已蚀变成蛇纹岩,部分浸染状铬铁矿颗粒具有环带结构,这将为研究铬铁矿形成后所经历的变质过程及其寄主岩体的构造演化提供可靠的信息.通过对铬铁矿进行显微结构观察和电子探针分析得出:所研究铬铁矿的环带结构从核部到边缘依次为铝铬铁矿、高铁铬铁矿和铬磁铁矿,被绿泥石所包裹.从铝铬铁矿到高铁铬铁矿,Cr2O3,Al2O3和MgO含量下降,Fe2O3和FeO含量升高;Cr#,TiO2含量,YFe值以及Fe2+#值明显具有升高的趋势,而Mg#值却急剧下降.以上变化规律表明本文所研究的铬铁矿经历了由高温到低温,同时氧逸度上升的过程,并伴随有蛇纹石化作用、热液流体以及区域变质作用等改造,最终形成环带结构.此过程与铬铁矿寄主岩体经历的由地幔抬升至浅部地壳以及相关的变质作用过程相对应.     

The 2020/21 Extremely Cold Winter in China Influenced by the Synergistic Effect of La Niña and Warm Arctic

In the first half of winter 2020/21,China has experienced an extremely cold period across both northern and southern regions,with record-breaking low temperatures set in many stations of China.Meanwhile,a moderate La Ni?a event which exceeded both oceanic and atmospheric thresholds began in August 2020 and in a few months developed into its mature phase,just prior to the 2020/21 winter.In this report,the mid?high-latitude large-scale atmospheric circulation anomalies in the Northern Hemisphere,which were forced by the negative phase of Arctic Oscillation,a strengthened Siberian High,an intensified Ural High and a deepened East Asian Trough,are considered to be the direct reason for the frequent cold surges in winter 2020/21.At the same time,the synergistic effect of the warm Arctic and the cold tropical Pacific(La Ni?a)provided an indispensable background,at a hemispheric scale,to intensify the atmospheric circulation anomalies in middle-to-high latitudes.In the end,a most recent La Ni?a prediction is provided and the on-coming evolution of climate is discussed for the remaining part of the 2020/21 winter for the purpose of future decision-making and early warning.     

Experiments with the Improved Dynamical-Statistical-Analog Ensemble Forecast Model for Landfalling Typhoon Precipitation over South China

In recent work, three physical factors of the Dynamical-Statistical-Analog Ensemble Forecast Model for Landfalling Typhoon Precipitation (DSAEF_LTP model) have been introduced, namely, tropical cyclone (TC) track, TC landfall season, and TC intensity. In the present study, we set out to test the forecasting performance of the improved model with new similarity regions and ensemble forecast schemes added. Four experiments associated with the prediction of accumulated precipitation were conducted based on 47 landfalling TCs that occurred over South China during 2004-2018. The first experiment was designed as the DSAEF_LTP model with TC track, TC landfall season, and intensity (DSAEF_LTP-1). The other three experiments were based on the first experiment, but with new ensemble forecast schemes added (DSAEF_LTP-2), new similarity regions added (DSAEF_LTP-3), and both added (DSAEF_LTP- 4), respectively. Results showed that, after new similarity regions added into the model (DSAEF_LTP-3), the forecasting performance of the DSAEF_LTP model for heavy rainfall (accumulated precipitation ≥250 mm and ≥100 mm) improved, and the sum of the threat score (TS250 + TS100) increased by 4.44%. Although the forecasting performance of DSAEF_LTP-2 was the same as that of DSAEF_LTP-1, the forecasting performance was significantly improved and better than that of DSAEF_LTP-3 when the new ensemble schemes and similarity regions were added simultaneously (DSAEF_LTP-4), with the TS increasing by 25.36%. Moreover, the forecasting performance of the four experiments was compared with four operational numerical weather prediction models, and the comparison indicated that the DSAEF_LTP model showed advantages in predicting heavy rainfall. Finally, some issues associated with the experimental results and future improvements of the DSAEF_LTP model were discussed.     

Experiments of DSAEF_LTP Model with Two Improved Parameters for Accumulated Precipitation of Landfalling Tropical Cyclones over Southeast China

The Dynamical-Statistical-Analog Ensemble Forecast model for landfalling tropical cyclones (TCs) precipitation (DSAEF_LTP) utilises an operational numerical weather prediction (NWP) model for the forecast track, while the precipitation forecast is obtained by finding analog cyclones, and making a precipitation forecast from an ensemble of the analogs. This study addresses TCs that occurred from 2004 to 2019 in Southeast China with 47 TCs as training samples and 18 TCs for independent forecast experiments. Experiments use four model versions. The control experiment DSAEF_LTP_1 includes three factors including TC track, landfall season, and TC intensity to determine analogs. Versions DSAEF_LTP_2, DSAEF_LTP_3, and DSAEF_LTP_4 respectively integrate improved similarity region, improved ensemble method, and improvements in both parameters. Results show that the DSAEF_LTP model with new values of similarity region and ensemble method (DSAEF_LTP_4) performs best in the simulation experiment, while the DSAEF_LTP model with new values only of ensemble method (DSAEF_LTP_3) performs best in the forecast experiment. The reason for the difference between simulation (training sample) and forecast (independent sample) may be that the proportion of TC with typical tracks (southeast to northwest movement or landfall over Southeast China) has changed significantly between samples. Forecast performance is compared with that of three global dynamical models (ECMWF, GRAPES, and GFS) and a regional dynamical model (SMS-WARMS). The DSAEF_LTP model performs better than the dynamical models and tends to produce more false alarms in accumulated forecast precipitation above 250 mm and 100 mm. Compared with TCs without heavy precipitation or typical tracks, TCs with these characteristics are better forecasted by the DSAEF_LTP model.     

基于布格重力异常研究运城盆地的构造特征

利用运城及周边地区的布格重力资料,对布格重力数据进行小波分解得到不同阶次的重力异常信息。依据各个阶次的小波变换结果并结合该区域的地质构造环境,对小波变换细节图中存在的特征较为明显的布格重力异常带进行深入分析,对异常所揭示的构造现象在地壳不同深度的分布特性等进行分析研究。结果表明:小波变换细节与区内地壳内部的隆起、凹陷及断裂构造具有很好的对应关系,可以对运城盆地的构造特征及地壳结构做更加深入的研究。     

深部咸水层二氧化碳地质储存场地选址储盖层评价

深部咸水层CO2地质储存属于环保型工程项目,开展地质评价来确定良好的储盖层是实现CO2地质储存长期、有效、安全封存的首要前提。储层地质评价内容主要包括储层的物理性质及其注入能力等;盖层地质评价内容主要包括盖层发育特征及封闭能力等。在规划选址到工程选址的不同阶段,储盖层评价的内容和对象应根据不同阶段的目的依次提高精度和量化程度。通过国内深部咸水层CO2地质储存工程场地选址阶段划分,结合储盖层地质评价的主要内容,初步建立了储盖层适宜性评价指标及其分级标准,对国内深部咸水层CO2地质储存工程场地选址中的储盖层地质评价及适宜性评价工作具有一定的指导意义。     

大兴安岭绿林林场一带兴华渡口岩群原岩恢复及大地构造环境探讨

兴华渡口岩群作为额尔古纳地块的基底,其变质年龄、原岩类型及大地构造背景一直是地质学家关注的热点。以大兴安岭北段绿林林场一带兴华渡口岩群作为研究对象,利用锆石U-Pb同位素测年限定了原岩的变质时代,结合岩相学与地球化学综合分析方法开展原岩恢复,并进一步讨论了其形成的大地构造背景。研究认为兴华渡口岩群主要由斜长角闪岩类、浅粒岩类、变粒岩类和石英岩类组成;斜长角闪岩类原岩为基性火山岩,浅粒岩类原岩为英安质凝灰岩,石英岩和变粒岩原岩为泥质粉砂岩;斜长角闪岩类亏损非活动性微量元素Ta、Nd、P,大地构造环境属岛弧环境;浅粒岩类主要亏损Ta、Nd、P、Sr、Ti等元素,形成于大陆边缘造山带环境。绿林林场一带兴华渡口岩群的变质年龄下限为774.1±3.8 Ma。      

云南维西娃底铅锌矿综合异常及成矿

娃底矿区圈定二种温度成矿元素组合、五个综合异常,发现并控制4条矿体:三种属于中、上三叠统中断裂角砾岩型、一条属于花岗岩体断层带型.矿床归于张性次生裂隙控制的中—低温热液型铅锌、铜金矿.