渤海湾、黄河口和长江口海域海水中颗粒氨基酸含量的分布

海水中除含有大量无机物质外，还含有种类繁多，但含量很低的有机物质，其含量约为C 0.5-2.0mg/L。海水有机物质可分为溶解有机物质(DOM)和颗粒有机物质(POM)。前者为主要组分，后者所含比例很小。在大洋中POM的主要来源有:①浮游生物，尤其是浮游植物活体、死骸及其分解碎屑;②海水中进行的DOM-POM的动力平衡产物。近岸海水还受河流流入的陆地POM和大气带入的陆源尘埃的影响。POM主要由蛋白质、碳水化合物、脂类等组成。POM是食碎屑动物的良好食物，它构成海洋食物链的一环，与水域生物生产力有直接的联系。POM中蛋白质含量以颗粒氨基酸(PAA)表示。Daumas(1976)曾报道过沿岸海水中PAA含量的季节变异，纪明侯等(1992年)于1980-1981年首次对青岛胶州湾内PAA含量在不同站位和不同季节中的变化特征进行调査研究。作者等继而于1982年7月、1983年10月和1984年5、7、8月乘“金星二号”考察船前后首次研究了渤海湾、黄河口和长江口附近水域中颗粒氨基酸的组成与含量在不同站位中的分布。所得结果如下。     

Modified PIC Method for Sea Ice Dynamics

The sea ice cover displays various dynamical characteristics such as breakup, rafting, and ridging under external forces. To model the ice dynamic process accurately, the effective numerical modeling method should be established. In this paper, a modified particle-in-cell （PIC） method for sea ice dynamics is developed coupling the finite difference （FD） method and smoothed particle hydrodynamics （SPH）. In this method, the ice cover is first discretized into a series of lagrangian ice particles which have their own sizes, thicknesses, concentrations and velocities. The ice thickness and concentration at Eulerian grid positions are obtained by interpolation with the Gaussian function from their surrounding ice particles. The momentum of ice cover is solved with FD approach to obtain the Eulerian cell velocity, which is used to estimate the ice particle velocity with the Gaussian function also. The thickness and concentration of ice particles are adjnsted with particle mass density and smooth length, which are adjusted with the redistribution of ice particles. With the above modified PIC method, numerical simulations for ice motion in an idealized rectangular basin and the ice dynamics in the Bohai Sea are carried out. These simulations show that this modified PIC method is applicable to sea ice dynamics simulation.     

转“全鱼”溶菌酶基因大菱鲆的研究

用大西洋条鳕(Macrozoarces americanus)抗冻蛋白启动子opAFP promoter和牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)c型溶菌酶基因构建“全鱼”溶菌酶基因元件opAFP—ly，首次应用电脉冲精子介导法将该基因片段导入到大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)受精卵内，获得原代转基因大菱鲆。先后采用单因子方法和正交实验方法，重复实验确定了最适导入条件：脉冲电压为400V／cm，脉冲次数为5，脉冲宽度为25ms，外源DNA浓度为50mg/L。利用最适导入条件，实现基因元件大规模转移。采用PCR技术对1月龄的原代转基因大菱鲆仔鱼的染色体DNA进行分析，结果表明外源基因的整合率可达28％。     

天津港南部海区水体富营养化水平评价

根据2006年3月和7月的调查数据,对天津港南部海区海水的营养水平及动态变化进行了评价。考虑到水质状况和水体营养水平是水体中多项指标分析评价的综合结果.本文先通过单项指标评价法和营养指数法进行评价。然后又通过集对分析方法,选择化学需氧量(COD)、无机磷(DIP)、无机氮(DIN)、叶绿素a(Ch1—a)等作为评价指标,对该区海水富营养化水平进行了综合评价。评价结果表明集对分析方法更能反映海水的实际富营养化状况,计算结果显示天津港南部海域两期调查中除21,26.27和29站位在7月呈富营养化状态其余站位海水均在中营养(Ⅳ)及以下水平状况,未达到富营养化水平,水质状况较好。     

黄海北部降水中氟的浓度变化

1988～1992年连续采集了黄海西北部的大气降水,分析样品中的氟而得到的80多个数据显示出大气降水中氟的平均浓度低于中国北方主要河流的氟平均浓度。在冬季,氟的浓度较其他季节高,这可能和降雨量减少以及人为因素等密切相关。目前还难以估算出人为因素对氟在降水中化学行为的影响程度,但数据显示出人口密集地区降水中氟的浓度明显高于人口稀疏的自然地带。     

三峡工程对长江口区无脊椎动物资源影响的预测

长江大量径流给其河口及邻近海域带来丰富的营养物质,维持了长江河口生态系统的巨大生产力,并使之成为多种重要经济鱼虾类的索饵和产卵场。长江口生态环境的变化,对我国最大、最重要的浙江舟山渔场和江苏吕四渔场的渔业资源有举足轻重的影响。三峡工程的兴建将使长江入海径流量及其季节分配有很大改变,也不可避免地影响到河口和近海的海洋环境、经济动物的组成及资源状况。为研究长江口无脊椎动物资源结构及其分布特征,以及预测三峡工程对自然生态环境的影响,于1985年9月至1986年8月进行了无脊椎动物资源底拖网试捕调查。本文系统整理调查所得资料,结合历史资料进行分析研究。     

南海“耗氧”及“贫氧”水体中消耗氧与硝酸盐和磷酸盐再生比值估算

通过对南海深海区硝酸氮、活性磷酸盐垂直分布的研究,分析了南海垂向耗氧和贫氧水体中硝酸氮、活性磷酸盐和表观耗氧量之间的关系.结果表明垂向上次表层、中层和深层水团中氧的消耗与营养盐再生比值均小于理论值,由此推断水体的混合为有机物再矿化提供氧的补充,但水团混合对水柱中硝酸氮、活性磷酸盐的影响不大,在次表层和中层水团中造成营养盐浓度变化主要是由于有机物再矿化的结果;在深层水团中有机物再矿化对水柱中营养盐梯度变化已不占主导地位.     

利用GPS水准点精化局部CQG2000

CQG2000模型的精度仍不能满足中、大比例尺的测图需要,如何充分利用现有成果,提高其价值和实用性,是目前需要迫切解决的问题。本文提出了通过加密GPS水准点来提高现有CQG2000精度的方法,并研究了GPS水准点数目和分布对提高结果的影响。     

Calculating Pollution Indices by Heavy Metals in Ecological Geochemistry Assessment and a Case Study in Parks of Beijing

Pollution index is a powerful tool for ecological geochemistry assessment. The commonly used pollution indices by heavy metals in soils and sediments were classified as two types of single index and integrated index in an algorithm point of view. Four single indices of contamination factor (or concentration factor), ecological risk factor, enrichment factor, and index of geo-accumulation were illustrated, and the reference values for calculating single indices were distinguished into background levels and threshold pollution values. Eight integrated indices were divided into two groups. One group is suitable for the normal distribution single indices including the sum, average, weighted average,vector modulus, and Nemerow pollution indices, and the other for log-normal distribution including the product, root of product, and weighted power product pollution indices. Using background levels as reference values, five contamination classes were divided, and the terminologies are suggested for the single and integrated indices to unify the assessment results. Software of EGAPI was developed in a single document interface to calculate the four single and eight integrated indices by heavy metals to assess the quality of soil and sediment ecological geochemistry. Pollution indices by heavy metals of Cu,Pb, and Zn in soils in parks of Beijing were calculated using EGAPI software, and these five contamination classes and terminologies suggested in this study were evaluated and used. Results ofintegrated indices of Cu, Pb, and Zn in soils indicated that the soil qualities are unpolluted as a whole and varied from low polluted to unpolluted status from the center to the outskirts of Beijing City.     

平面约束条件在LIDAR点云滤波中的应用

介绍了一种利用平面约束条件对LIDAR点云数据进行滤波的方法,利用每个数据点的邻域点拟合平面,根据平面约束条件和平面点分类方法得到地面点,最后利用地面点内插该区域的DTM.