东天山脆—韧性变形转换带与金矿带

东天山脆－韧性变形转换带是该地区一条重要的构造变形带，该带近EW向波状延伸，长600km，宽10－20km，分为南北两个子带。独特的构造背景，使其成为东天山金成矿带的主体部分。脆－韧性转换变形是与区域性韧性剪切带密切相关的一类构造现象，其过程是一个动力学过程，变形转换过程中的一系列动力学行为，是带内成矿流体活动的主导因素，成矿流体的活动又促进了岩石矿物变质、变形作用，因此脆－韧性变形转换带具有极其重要的成矿意义。     

西昆仑加里东期造山作用初探

在西昆仑前山一带存在一个发育完全的加里东期碰撞造山带，该造山带代表了古秦－－祁－－昆大洋的消亡和两侧大陆的剧烈碰撞，古昆仑洋可能开始裂解于震旦纪，寒武纪达最大程度，奥陶纪开始向南俯冲消减，志留纪两侧陆块发生碰撞。其曼于特－－库地蛇绿岩为其洋壳残片，北侧的塔里木板块南缘具被动边缘性质，南侧的西昆仑地块为活动边缘性质，同时有大量俯冲型，碰撞型和造山期后伸展型花岗岩侵入，晚泥盆世紫红色磨拉石建造代表了这一过程的结束。     

河西内陆河地表水与地下水转化及水资源利用率研究

河西内陆河水资源产生于祁连山区 ,河流出山以后依次穿越山前洪积扇、走廊南部盆地、北部盆地 ,最后进入尾闾湖 .由于山前洪积扇、南北盆地及河床具有良好的通透性和巨大的蓄水能力使地表水易于转化为地下水 ,出山水量的很大一部分渗入地下避免无效蒸散损耗 ;同时由于特殊的串珠状水文地质盆地构造 ,水资源具有同源性和多次转化特点 ,使水资源的利用率大大提高 .研究表明 ,1999年河西水资源总量为 6 3 79× 10 8m3 ,其中 ,地表水资源量为 5 8 36× 10 8m3 ,地下水资源量为 5 6 39× 10 5m3 ,地表水与地下水重复计算量高达 5 0 96× 10 5m3 .三个流域水资源利用率达到 6 1 4%～ 2 11%     

全球陆地生态系统与大气之间碳交换的模拟研究

利用陆面物理过程和植被生理生态过程完全动态耦合的大气植被相互作用模式 (AVIM) ,对全球陆地生态系统的净初级生产力进行模拟。全球陆地生态系统植被分为 1 3类 ,土壤质地分为 7类 ,确定了各种植被和土壤的模式参数。采用全球陆地 0 .5× 0 .5网格点气候平均资料 ;以 30分钟为步长进行积分。并用全球不同地区各种植被类型的 1 9个 NPP观测样点数据校准模型。AVIM模拟全球陆地生态系统 NPP的主要模拟结果如下 :全球陆地生态系统净初级生产力 (NPP)总量约为 60 .72 Gt Cyr- 1。分析了不同植被类型的 NPP分布 ,模式较好地模拟了全球陆地生态系统净初级生产力的纬向分布和区域分布的差异 ,模拟出中国植被生产力的分布特征。陆地生态系统净初级生产力与温度、降水和辐射等气候因素在不同地区有不同程度相关性 ,北方针叶林地区气候因子与 NPP的相关性明显 ,反映出植被对环境因子的不同响应及其物候特征。赤道热带雨林地区NPP与气候因子的相关性不明显。     

攀枝花地区地质研究新进展

本文简要介绍了在攀枝花1：5万区域地质调查中有关地层、沉积相、岩浆岩、变质岩、构造、矿产等方面所取得的一些进展和对一些岩石地层单位的时代归属和界线位置的修定结果。     

东喜马拉雅构造结大陆碰撞以来构造年代学框架及其与哀牢山-红河构造带的对比

东喜马拉雅构造结经历了前期楔入和后期垮塌变形.楔入事件发生于～60Ma、～23Ma和～13 Ma,垮塌开始于6～7Ma.哀牢山红河构造带同样经历早期走滑和后期正断,走滑年代分别为58～56Ma、23Ma和13Ma,后期正断开始于5.5 Ma.上述年龄的意义在于～60Ma的变形代表印度与欧亚大陆的初期碰撞;2 Ma为青藏高原及邻区的主变形期;13Ma的变形也代表一次汇聚事件,并形成青藏高原的东西向伸展.6～7Ma以后的垮塌作用代表了青藏高原的快速隆升.     

Anisotropy of the upper mantle in Chinese mainland and its vicinity

IntroductionAnisotropy is a universal phenomenon in the upper mantle. The mechanisms, which cause elastic anisotropy of in-situ rocks, include lattice preferred orientation of the minerals composing the rocks and preferred orientation of magma chambers. Lattice preferred orientation (LPO) of olivine is widely believed to be the dominant cause of the upper mantle anisotropy. The observational results of the upper mantle anisotropy can be explained by tectonic process relating to plate motion.…     

东天山碰撞造山与金铜成矿系统分析

根据碰撞带不同单元按构造一岩石地层划分原则,分出有序和无序两套地层岩石组合,分属两个不同的构造一火山活动带,碰撞造山与韧性剪切带强时空耦合．碰撞带两侧岛弧火山岩和带内碰撞花岗岩特征和成岩成矿时代、地球化学省等表明其较特殊的碰撞造山和陆内造山成盆多阶段演化特点。与碰撞造山有关的金铜矿分七种成因类型。现划10个成矿区带分属两个古陆边缘成矿系统,金矿成矿可分为五个阶段。金铜矿成带分布与碰撞造山演化有关,空间上北部铜矿带,南部金矿带,为今后进一步找矿指明了方向,提出了具体靶区。     

A PRELIMINARY STUDY ON THE METHOD OF SEISMIC INTENSITY ASSESSMENT BASED ON RESIDENTIAL BUILDING DATA AND HIGH RESOLUTION REMOTE SENSING IMAGES

After destructive earthquakes, the assessment result of seismic intensity is an important decision-making basis for emergency rescue, recovery and reconstruction. This job requires higher timeliness by government and society. Because remote sensing technology is not affected by the terrible traffic conditions on the ground after the earthquake, large-scale seismic damage information in the earthquake area can be collected in a short time by the remote sensing image. The remote sensing technique plays a more and more important role in rapid acquisition of seismic damage information, emergency rescue decision-making, seismic intensity assessment and other work. On the basis of previous studies, this paper proposes a new method to assess seismic intensity by using remote sensing image, i.e. to interpret the building collapse rate of a residential quarter after an earthquake by high-resolution remote sensing images. If there already are detailed building data and building structure vulnerability matrix data of a residential area, we can calculate the building collapse rate under any intensity values in this residential area by using the theory of earthquake damage prediction. Assuming that the building collapse rate interpreted by remote sensing is equal to the building collapse rate predicted by using the existing data, it will be easy to calculate the actual seismic intensity of the residential area in this earthquake event. Based on this idea, according to the relevant standard specifications issued by China Earthquake Administration, this paper puts forward some functional models, such as the calculation model of building collapse rate based on remote sensing, the data matrix model of residential building structure, the prediction function matrix model of residential building collapse rate and the prediction model of residential building collapse rate. A formula for calculating seismic intensity by using remote sensing interpretation of collapse rate is also proposed. To test and verify the proposed method, this paper takes two neighboring blocks of Jiegu Town after the Yushu M7.1 earthquake in Qinghai Province as an example. The building structure matrix of the study block was constructed by using pre-earthquake 0.6m resolution satellite remote sensing image(QuickBird, acquired on November 6, 2004), post-earthquake 0.2m aerial remote sensing image(acquired by National Bureau of Surveying and Mapping, April 15, 2010) and some field investigation data. The building collapse rate in the two blocks was calculated by using the interpretation results of seismic damage from the Remote Sensing Technology Coordinating Group of China Seismological Bureau. The seismic damage matrix of building structures in Yushu area is constructed by using the abundant scientific data of the scientific investigation team of the project “Comprehensive Scientific Investigation of the Yushu M7.1 Earthquake in Qinghai Province” of China Seismological Bureau. On this basis, the collapse rate prediction function of different structures in Yushu area is constructed. According to the prediction function of collapse rate and the building structure matrix of the two blocks, the building collapse rate under different intensity values is predicted, and the curve of intensity-collapse rate function is drawn. By comparing the building collapse rate interpreted by remote sensing and the intensity-collapse rate function curve of this two blocks, the seismic intensity of both blocks are calculated to be the same value: Ⅸ degree, which is consistent with the results of the field scientific investigation of the earthquake. The validation shows that the method proposed in this paper can effectively avoid the influence caused by the difference of seismic performance of buildings and accurately evaluate seismic intensity when using remote sensing technique. The method has certain application value for earthquake emergency work.     

基于双频磁共振的未知拉莫尔频率地下水探测方法

在利用地面磁共振方法进行地下水探测时,要求发射频率与拉莫尔（Larmor）频率相同.由于地磁场的不均匀性和噪声干扰,实际测量时无法获得准确的Larmor频率,导致发生偏共振现象.如果假设磁共振或频率偏量未知时,反演得到的含水量和弛豫时间（T₂^*）将存在较大误差.为了解决未知Larmor频率情况下的准确探测问题,本文在频率环测量方案的基础上提出了双频磁共振探测方法,即只需知道Larmor频率的范围区间,通过区间外的两个频率进行偏共振激发,利用频率差值的一半作为频率偏量计算核函数,即可消除未知Larmor频率的影响.通过仿真实验,证明了在电阻率大于100 Ωm时,双频磁共振和偏共振的核函数偏差较小.对于双层含水层模型,双频磁共振和偏共振的信号偏差小于3 nV,因此得到双频磁共振信号可以用偏共振核函数进行反演.通过对假设磁共振、假设偏共振和双频磁共振反演结果的对比,可以得到在未知频率偏量和设定频率偏量改变时,双频磁共振均能得到准确的反演结果.但是,当环境噪声增加和电阻率降低时,反演结果的准确度降低.最后,通过长春市烧锅镇采集数据的反演结果与已知钻探资料进行对比,验证了双频磁共振探测方法的有效性和准确性.