黄河口减沙与流路稳定

黄河口的减沙与水资源利用是稳定黄河流路的重要措施。入海流路的选择是确保油田开发、港口建设和防灾的重要工作。加强河口港湾和河口治理工程的研究是解决黄河口治理的关键工程。     

Impacts of Aggregation Methods and Trophospecies Number on the Structure and Function of Marine Food Webs

Aggregation of species with similar ecological properties is one of the effective methods to simplify food web researches.However, species aggregation will affect not only the complexity of modeling process but also the accuracy of models’ outputs. Selection of aggregation methods and the number of trophospecies are the keys to study the simplification of food web. In this study,three aggregation methods, including taxonomic aggregation(TA), structural equivalence aggregation(SEA), and self-orga...     

青岛滨海地质旅游

青岛滨海旅游具有丰富的地质资源,合理地开发会使其具有专业特色,娱乐性和趣味性。滨海地质旅游将促进旅游业的发展,在向现代化国际城市中发挥作用。     

2003年河南异常气候事件及其影响

1基本气候特点 2003年度(2002年12月～2003年11月),全省气温略偏低,夏季出现近50多年来罕见的凉夏;降水量异常偏多,年度降水量是1961年以来最多的一年,先后出现了淮河大水和黄河秋汛;日照严重偏少.年内气象灾害频繁,尤其是夏秋季低温阴雨时间长,暴雨洪涝灾害严重.本年度气候条件对农业生产和交通运输不利,但对林业生产有利,属偏差年景.     

现代黄河三角洲海岸演化研究

通过不同年代海图或地形图对比、不同年代的卫片对比、野外地质调查、不同年代潮滩剖面测量及对比等,研究了现代黄河三角洲海岸带不同时期的冲淤速率及其发展演化趋势。黄河尾闾1996年6月进行人工改道向东流入海,开始堆积现代黄河三角洲的第11个叶瓣,推测这次改道可能是第3个亚三角洲形成的开始,使黄河三角洲的发展呈第一、第二、第三亚三角洲逐次向东偏北方向推进之势。现代黄河三角洲及莱州湾海岸带可分成7个冲淤状态不同的岸段：大口河至顺江沟岸段为相对稳定海岸段;顺江沟至挑河口岸段为弱蚀退岸段;挑河口至106站岸段为强蚀退岸段;106站至孤东油田段为石堤护岸强制稳定海岸段;孤东油田至大汶流海堡岸段为强淤进岸段：大汶流海堡至淄脉沟岸段为弱淤进海岸段;淄脉沟口至胶莱河口岸段为稳定海岸段。预测10a内,各海岸段的冲淤状态基本保持不变,但各海岸段的蚀退或淤进速率有逐渐减缓之趋势。人类活动对岸线的变迁有明显影响。     

Study on Pure IL VIV of A Free Spanning Pipeline Under General Boundary Conditions

Pipeline spans may occur due to natural seabed irregularities or local scour of bed sediment. The pure in-line (IL) vortex-induced vibrations (VIV) analysis of the free spans is an important subject for design of pipeline in uneven seabed. The main objective of this paper is to analyze the characteristics of pure IL VIV of a free spanning pipeline under general boundary conditions. An IL wake oscillator model which can describe the coupling of pipeline structure and fluctuating drag is introduced and employed. The coupled partial differential equations of structure and wake are transformed into a set of ordinary differential equations using two-mode Galerkin method. Some case studies are presented and thoroughly discussed in order to investigate the effects of internal fluid, axial force and boundary conditions on the pure IL VIV.     

花岗岩残积土冲击损伤与损伤演化特性试验研究

选取东南沿海某建筑工程地基浅层残积土为试样,运用超声波岩土损伤检测技术,测试计算在不同冲击荷载作用下试样纵波波速。选用纵波波速为损伤变量进行损伤度计算,分析了冲击荷载冲击频率、冲量等参数对试样损伤度的影响关系。同时结合试样试验破坏实际情况,分析了冲击荷载作用下试样损伤演化破坏特性。结果表明,随着冲击频率和冲量的增大,残积土试样损伤度都有增大上升趋势;随着损伤度的增加,残积土冲击损伤演化过程可分为小变形、端部出现裂纹、前端1/3处鼓胀或出现裂纹、前端裂纹扩展与表面剥落等几个不同破坏阶段。研究结论为揭示动荷载作用下残积土动力损伤演化规律提供科学依据和量化参数。     

Vp/Vs Anisotropy and Implications for Crustal Composition Identification and Earthquake Prediction

Abstract: The ratio of P- to S-wave velocities (Vp/Vs) is regarded as one of the most diagnostic properties of natural rocks. It has been used as a discriminant of composition for the continental crust and provides valuable constraints on its formation and evolution processes. Furthermore, the spatial and temporal changes in Vp/Vs before and after earthquakes are probably the most promising avenue to understanding the source mechanics and possibly predicting earthquakes. Here we calibrate the variations in Vp/Vs in dry, anisotropic crustal rocks and provide a set of basic information for the interpretation of future seismic data from the Wenchuan earthquake Fault zone Scientific Drilling (WFSD) project and other surveys. Vp/Vs is a constant (Ф0) for an isotropic rock. However, most of crustal rocks are anisotropic due to lattice-preferred orientations of anisotropic minerals (e.g., mica, amphibole, plagioclase and pyroxene) and cracks as well as thin compositional layering. The Vp/Vs ratio of an anisotropic rock measured along a selected pair of propagation-vibration directions is an apparent value (Фij) that is significantly different from the value for its isotropic counterpart (Ф0). The usefulness of apparent Vp/Vs ratios as a diagnostic of crustal composition depends largely on rock seismic anisotropy. A 5% of P- and S-wave velocity anisotropy is sufficient to make it impossible to determine the crustal composition using the conventional criteria (Vp/Vs≤1.756 for felsic rocks, 1.7561.944 fluid-filled porous/fractured or partially molten rocks) if the information about the wave propagation-polarization directions with respect to the tectonic framework is unknown. However, the variations in Vp/Vs measured from borehole seismic experiments can be readily interpreted according to the orientations of the ray path and the polarization of the shear waves with respect to the present-day principal stress directions (i.e., the orientation of cracks) and the frozen fabric (i.e., foliation and lineation).     

The First Discovery of the Late Cretaceous Protoceratopsid Fauna from Alxa, Inner Mongolia, China

<正>Objective Alxa,located in western Inner Mongolia,is covered by desert in many places with few Cretaceous outcrops.Only some Early Cretaceous dinosaur fossils have been discovered from several areas in Alxa Zuoqi and Ejin Qi,but no Late Cretaceous dinosaur fauna has been formally reported in Alxa.Fortunately,some remains of dinosaurs have been found from the central Alxa in the Late     

断层向错引起的地表重力变化研究

利用三维角点法以及空间物体旋转的几何变换理论,建立断层向错与地表重力变化的关系,并进行数值模拟计算。选取断层下盘左端点为旋转基点,分析断层埋深和倾角对其向错引起的重力变化的影响。结果表明,断层向错引起的重力变化与断层埋深有明显的相关性,在W1、W2、W3向错模式下,重力变化均表现为随断层深度增加而逐渐衰减;重力变化对断层倾角有着不同的响应。断层运动产生的重力变化空间分布特征与断层的向错模式以及旋转基点的选择有关。