A hybrid Lagrangian-Eulerian numerical model for sea-ice dynamics

A hybrid Lagrangian-Eulerian(HLE) method is developed for sea ice dynamics,which combines the high computational efficiency of finite difference method(FDM) with the high numerical accuracy of smoothed particle hydrodynamics(SPH).In this HLE model,the sea ice cover is represented by a group of Lagrangian ice particles with their own thicknesses and concentrations.These ice variables are interpolated to the Eularian gird nodes using the Gaussian interpolation function.The FDM is used to determine the ice velocities at Eulerian grid nodes,and the velocities of Lagrangian ice particles are interpolated from these grid velocities with the Gaussian function also.The thicknesses and concentrations of ice particles are determined based on their new locations.With the HLE numerical model,the ice ridging process in a rectangular basin is simulated,and the simulated results are validated with the analytical solution.This method is also applied to the simulation of sea ice dynamics in a vortex wind field.At last,this HLE model is applied to the Bohai Sea,and the simulated concentration,thickness and velocity match the satellite images and the field observed data well.     

实验室人工合成天然气水合物在青岛海洋地质研究所获得成功

我国第一个拥有自主知识产权的海洋天然气水合物模拟实验室于 2 0 0 1年 11月在青岛海洋地质研究所建成。天然气水合物作为重要的未来能源而越来越受到人们的重视。它是继煤和石油之后贮量巨大的战略性环保能源。2 0世纪 90年代后期 ,中国地质调查局开始进行天然气水合物的研究 ,通过实际调查和勘探已在南海和东海发现了水合物赋存的地球物理标志— BSR,我国在天然气水合物调查和研究方面迈出了一大步。纵观美、日、俄、加等国 ,在实施开发天然气水合物计划前或同时都要建立天然气水合物的模拟实验室。虽然天然气水合物的实验室研究成果早…     

挖沙降河与黄河的治理

挖沙降河是减沙入海沉沙的治河方法，它可以充分开发黄河的水沙资源，改良黄河三角洲的生态环境。此方法在技术上可行，经济上效益高，是黄河三角洲经济向良性循环发展的良好决策。     

南黄海QC2孔的ESR年代学

本文报道了南黄海ＱＣ２孔３３个ＥＳＲ测年结果，它们和＾１４Ｃ年龄，微体古生物地层学及磁性地层学的结果相一致。符合地质情况，建立了一个较完整的年代学序列，用海洋沉物中石英Ｇｅ心信呈民可得到沉积物几十万年内的沉积年龄，石英Ｅ心的天然光效应使沉积物ＥＳＲ测年陷入困境，但通过调整测试条件（增大微波功率），在海洋沉积环境中，仍可以利用石英的Ｅ心得到较老沉积物（大于５０万年）的较为可靠的ＥＳＲ年龄。     

滨海平原海水地下入侵及其治理措施

滨海平原区咸淡水界面是不断变化的。影响这种动态变化的主要因素是地下水位的变化以及海洋动力的变化。由于人们对水的需求量与日俱增,对地下水大量地开采造成采补失调,加之近年来的长期干旱,致使一些滨海平原区发生海水地下入侵。这种在地     

Zircon U-Pb Geochronological Constraints on Rapid Exhumation of the Mantle Peridotite of the Xigaze Ophiolite,Southern Xizang(Tibet)

正The Xigaze ophiolite crops out in the central segment of the Yarlung Zangbo suture zone,southern Tibet(Fig.1).It is characterized by large amounts of ultramafic units with minor mafic rocks.The mafic rocks consist of gabbros,     

多孔介质中水合物的热物理参数测量

利用时域反射技术和非稳态热线法测量热物理特性技术,设计制作了一套用于高压状态下测量含水合物沉积层热物理参数的系统。选择粒级(?)0.18～0.25 mm的细砂作为多孔介质,加入0.3g/L十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)溶液作为多孔介质中的孔隙水和甲烷气体(纯度为99.9%),模拟沉积物中水合物的生成过程。采用交叉热线法和平行热线法两种方法测量了含水合物沉积层中的导热率,交叉热线法导热率的测量结果为(1.112±0.080)W/(m·K),平行热线法导热率的测量结果为(1.078±0.057)W/(m·K)。     

滇西北兰坪地区金顶超大型铅锌矿床架崖山-北厂矿段岩石地层特征

详细描述了滇西北兰坪金顶矿区架崖山-北厂主矿段露采剖面的岩石地层学特征。架崖山-北厂矿段出露正常沉积岩和非正常沉积岩两大岩石系列,分别由灰白色白云质灰岩、黑色泥晶灰岩、青灰色泥灰岩、杂色泥质粉砂岩、砖红色粉砂岩、红色膏溶角砾岩和浅灰色钙质砂岩、灰褐色灰岩角砾岩、杂色垮塌角砾岩组成。空间上以非正常沉积岩系列灰褐色灰岩角砾岩和浅灰色钙质砂岩为中心,正常沉积岩系列灰白色白云质灰岩、黑色泥晶灰岩、杂色泥质粉砂岩、青灰色泥灰岩和红色膏溶角砾岩分布于其周围。灰褐色灰岩角砾岩和浅灰色钙质砂岩构成了金顶矿区的2种主要矿石类型,二者空间上密切共生,近直立的灰岩角砾岩分布于近水平的钙质砂岩层的下部,构成似“蘑菇”状的几何形态。架崖山-北厂矿段岩石地层学的特征揭示了兰坪金顶铅锌矿泥底辟机制的成因特点,为矿区勘查和外围寻找金顶式矿床提供了新恩路。     

Hydrocarbon nucleation and aerosol formation in Neptune's atmosphere

Photodissociation of methane at high altitude levels in Neptune's atmosphere leads to the production of complex hydrocarbon species such as acetylene (C2H2), ethane (C2H6), methylacetylene (CH3C2H), propane (C3H8), diacetylene (C4H2), and butane (C4H8). These gases diffuse to the lower stratosphere where temperatures are low enough to initiate condensation. Particle formation may not occur readily, however, as the vapor species become supersaturated. We present a theoretical analysis of particle formation mechanisms at conditions relevant to Neptune's troposphere and stratosphere and show that hydrocarbon nucleation is very inefficient under Neptunian conditions: saturation ratios much greater than unity are required for aerosol formation by either homogeneous, heterogeneous, or ion-induced nucleation. Homogeneous nucleation will not be important for any of the hydrocarbon species considered; however, both heterogeneous and ion-induced nucleation should be possible on Neptune for most of the above species. The relative effectiveness of heterogeneous and ion-induced nucleation depends on the physical and thermodynamic properties of the particular species, the abundance of the condensable species, the temperature at which the vapor becomes supersaturated, and the number and type of condensation nuclei or ions available. Typical saturation ratios required for observable particle formation rates on Neptune range from approximately 3 for heterogeneous nucleation of methane in the upper troposphere to greater than 1000 for heterogeneous nucleation of methylacetylene, diacetylene, and butane in the lower stratosphere. Thus, methane clouds may form slightly above, and stratospheric hazes far below, their saturation levels. When used in conjunction with the results of detailed models of atmospheric photochemistry, our nucleation models place realistic constraints on the altitude levels at which we expect hydrocarbon hazes or clouds to form on Neptune.