Introduction to the PICES practical workshop: objectives,overview of the study area,and projects conducted by the participants

We coordinated a collaborative research project to investigate environmental conditions in Vancouver Harbour, British Columbia, Canada, between 23 May and 7 June 1999. This special volume of Marine Environmental Research presents a collection of papers giving results of these studies. The project was part of a practical workshop sponsored by the Marine Environmental Quality (MEQ) committee of the North Pacific Marine Science Organization (PICES). Twenty-four scientists from PICES countries (USA, Canada, Russia, Japan, Korea, and China) participated. A wide variety of data was collected, including community structure of benthic invertebrates and fish, evaluation of fish health using biological markers and exposure data, evaluation of contaminant exposure in inter-tidal invertebrates, imposex in gastropods, and information about natural toxins produced by algae. The workshop provided an opportunity for PICES participants to gain an improved appreciation of the approaches and techniques used by other member countries to assess the effects of marine pollution. The purpose of this introductory paper is to briefly describe the project, provide background information on how it was organized, and give an overview of our knowledge about the harbour's environment.     

Impact of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) on the immune function of fish: age as a variable in determining adverse outcome

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a major contaminant of global extent in water resources and aquatic biota. Due to its high lipid solubility, PCBs fail to be degraded and, therefore, continue to bioaccumulate throughout the environment and food chain. To determine the impact of PCBs on the immune system of aged and juvenile Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes), fish were injected with the coplanar PCB congener 126 and examined after 3 and 14 days. PCB 126 produced oxidative stress in both age groups of fish 14 days post-injection; however, juvenile medaka appeared more susceptible than aged fish. Humoral immunity, as determined by antibody forming cell (AFC) numbers, was significantly depressed for up to 14 days post-injection in both age groups. These results demonstrate the sensitivity of the fish immune response for predicting PCB-induced immunotoxicity and identify age as a variable in determining adverse outcome.     

美国北卡罗来纳州炼金引起的汞污染

美国北卡罗来纳州炼金引起的汞污染ＣａｌｌａｈａｎＪＥＭｉｌｌｅｒＪＷＣｒａｉｇＪＲ汞用于金的提取，同时又是金提取作业的污染物。在美国东部，商业化普遍利用汞已在几十年前停止。由于在北卡罗来纳州ＳｏｕｔｈＭｏｕｎｔａｉｎｓ地区的ＣｈｒｉｓｔｙＤｅｓｔｉｎ...     

BRI 0021-0214: Another Surprise at the Bottom of the Main Sequence

We report the detection of an Halpha flare on the low-luminosity M9.5 dwarf BRI 0021-0214. This star has rapid rotation, vsin&parl0;i&parr0; approximately 40 km s-1, but generally shows no significant chromospheric emission. Our detection of the flare shows that a magnetic field is present, although the level of activity at maximum is 3 times lower than the mean quiescent level in early- and mid-type M dwarfs. Based on data available in the literature, we estimate that the star is in outburst for no more than 7% of the time.     

第七届国际雨水利用大会在北京举行

第七届国际雨水利用大会在北京举行受国际雨水集流系统协会（ＩＲＣＳＡ）委托，由中国地理学会、中国科学院水问题联合研究中心等单位联合主办的“第七届国际雨水利用大会”于１９９５年６月１９－２５日在北京国际会议中心举行。来自３２个国家或地区以及驻京国际机构的...     

国际雨水集流系统家庭应用的进展和展望

本文总结了雨水集流系统家庭应用技术的可行性、各国合理的设计与建造方法、水质以及社会经济问题等。同时，根据亚洲、非洲、澳大利亚等地的案例研究，论述了具体建造工程中所遇到的一些主要困难和限制因素。作者调查了有关工程的规划、实施和评估成功的策略与方法；对于具体的成本核算、投资来源和不同类型系统的水质等，也进行了阐述。虽然与具体地点有关的详细内容没有述及，但有详细的参考文献可供查询。     

水资源开发利用的进展及趋势

水资源开发利用的进展及趋势牟海省（中科院、国家计委地理所）世界上传统的水资源开发是以河流、湖泊、地下水为中心进行的，为了解决局部地区的缺水问题，发展了海水淡化、冰雪融化、极地取冰等措施。８０年代以来在一些干旱缺水的地区，雨水集流、雾水收集、气候改良等...