西沙群岛新近纪白云岩形成条件的探讨：C、O同位素和流体包裹体证据

西沙群岛在下中新统上部、中—上中新统和上新统产三层白云岩、C、O 同位素测试结果表明,3层白云岩中,除第一层 X606号样品δ~(13)C 和δ~(18)O 为负值,分别为-1.71‰和-3.17‰外,其它样品δ~(13)C 和δ~(18)O 组成相似,均为正值,δ~(13)C 在0.80‰～3.16‰之间,平均为2.24‰;δ~(18)O 在0.56‰～5.23‰之间,平均为2.56‰。表明白云岩为准同生成因,与冰川事件引起的超浓缩海水有关。根据δ~(18)O 计算的海水盐度为34.52%～39.98%,平均为36.88%,温度为-8.80℃～14.89℃,平均为1.07℃。白云岩结构、矿物组成、包裹体类型和特征研究表明,白云石在后生成岩演化过程中,遭受埋藏成岩流体和热液流体的改造。根据包裹体测定,埋藏成岩流体盐度为2.07%～6.30%,平均为4.55%,温度为58.4℃～89.4℃,平均为72.8℃,密度为1.00～1.02g/cm~3,平均为1.01g/cm~3;热液流体盐度为0.53%～6.45%,平均为3.84%,温度为103.3℃～296℃,平均为155.6℃,密度为0.95～0.98g/cm~3,平均为0.96g/cm~3。测试结果表明,热液成分与地层水成分基本相同,大致与正常海水盐度相当或微咸。这说明岩浆作用主要为热液流体提供热量,并使地层水加热循环,而没有明显的物质成分供给。     

中国大地构造单元新格局——从岩石圈角度的思考

以中国大陆的岩石圈岩石学结构模型和根据岩石圈动力学性质划分的克拉通型、造山带型、裂谷型、边缘海洋壳型和岛弧型5大岩石圈类型为基础,结合现今中国大陆西部挤压、东部拉张伸展的特点,提出以四川盆地、鄂尔多斯盆地和银川盆地西边界的岩石圈不连续为界,把中国大陆分为东部和西部2个一级构造单元;不同类型岩石圈为其二级构造单元,一些造山带型岩石圈的亚类为三级构造单元,并结合地质历史,简要讨论了其形成过程及其意义。     

Analysis of a vertical dipole tracer test in highly fractured rock

The results of a vertical dipole tracer experiment performed in highly fractured rocks of the Clare Valley, South Australia, are presented. The injection and withdrawal piezometers were both screened over 3 m and were separated by 6 m (midpoint to midpoint). Due to the long screen length, several fracture sets were intersected, some of which do not connect the two piezometers. Dissolved helium and bromide were injected into the dipole flow field for 75 minutes, followed by an additional 510 minutes of flushing. The breakthrough of helium was retarded relative to bromide, as was expected due to the greater aqueous diffusion coefficient of helium. Also, only -25% of the total mass injected of both tracers was recovered. Modeling of the tracer transport was accomplished using an analytical one-dimensional flow and transport model for flow through a fracture with diffusion into the matrix. The assumptions made include: streamlines connecting the injection and withdrawal point can be modeled as a dipole of equal strength, flow along each streamline is one dimensional, and there is a constant Peclet number for each streamline. In contrast to many other field tracer studies performed in fractured rock, the actual travel length between piezometers was not known. Modeling was accomplished by fitting the characteristics of the tracer breakthrough curves (BTCs), such as arrival times of the peak concentration and the center of mass. The important steps were to determine the fracture aperture (240 microm) based on the parameters that influence the rate of matrix diffusion (this controls the arrival time of the peak concentration); estimating the travel distance (11 m) by fitting the time of arrival of the centers of mass of the tracers; and estimating fracture dispersivity (0.5 m) by fitting the times that the inflection points occurred on the front and back limbs of the BTCs. This method works even though there was dilution in the withdrawal well, the amount of which can be estimated by determining the value that the modeled concentrations need to be reduced to fit the data (approximately 50%). The use of two tracers with different diffusion coefficients was not necessary, but it provides important checks in the modeling process because the apparent retardation between the two tracers is evidence of matrix diffusion and the BTCs of both tracers need to be accurately modeled by the best fit parameters.     

华北克拉通基底构造单元特征及早元古代拼合

华北克拉通基底可分为东部陆块、西部陆块和中部带. 西部陆块是由其南部的鄂尔多斯陆块和北部的阴山陆块沿华北西部孔兹岩带在早元古代(~1.9 Ga)碰撞对接而成. 在~1.85 Ga, 西部陆块与东部陆块沿中部带发生碰撞拼合而形成现今的华北克拉通统一结晶基底.     

喜马拉雅造山带东构造结南迦巴瓦岩群地质年代学和前中生代构造演化

喜马拉雅造山带东、西两端分别有一个构造急剧转向的构造结.这里是整个喜马拉雅造山带中构造应力作用最强、隆升和剥露速率最快、新生代变质和深熔作用最强的地区.位于东构造结的南迦巴瓦地区可分为3个构造单元:冈底斯(拉萨)陆块、雅鲁藏布江缝合带和印度陆块.     

福建东部中生代火山岩锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年代学、地球化学特征及其地质意义

对福建省东部晚中生代"南园组"两条代表性剖面的火山岩进行了锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年,结果表明,这两条剖面所代表的火山活动的形成时代分别为162～150 Ma和143～130 Ma.     

赞皇变质杂岩变质作用p-t轨迹

河北省井陉-鹿泉以南至赞皇-邢台境内的赞皇变质杂岩(前称"赞皇群"或"阜平群")位于华北中部构造(造山)带中央地段.     

陆壳岩石化学结构建立方法探讨

根据既有岩石化学成分又有地震波速的实验岩石数据,讨论了影响岩石波速的主要因素和不同实验条件下地震波速与岩石成分之间的线性关系差异。选择常温、600MPa测定的数据建立了地震波速Vp与SiO2、石英、石英 长石、岩石分异指数DI的回归方程,并讨论了回归方程的适用范围。对这些方程进行验证表明它们能够用于地震波速推断深部物质成分。