山东乳山金青顶金矿成矿构造和应力场研究

金青顶金矿位于胶东东部牟平—乳山金成矿带的中部,为含金石英脉型金矿.基于构造填图、古构造应力场反演和古应力差值估算结果的分析,初步探讨了该矿床控矿断裂的运动学特征及构造演化历史.研究表明:该断裂经历了3期活动,即在成矿前为左行压扭,在成矿期—煌斑岩脉侵入为右行张扭,在成矿后为左行压扭;成矿作用发生在构造应力场转换时期....     

Impacts of macroalgal spores on the dynamics of adult macroalgae in a eutrophic estuary: high versus low hydrodynamic seasons and long-term simulations for global warming scenarios

A model describing macroalgal early life stages and adult dynamics was used to quantify the effects of non-adult forms on the productivity of adult macroalgae in a eutrophic estuary. Predictions indicate that during years with mild winters and low rainfall, spring blooms will occur at the expense of the growth and reproduction of overwintering adults and without the contribution of the spore bank. In these circumstances, there is a positive correlation between the intensity of the blooms and the biomass of overwintering adults until a maximum threshold value. On the contrary, in years with high rainfall and low or inexistent biomass of overwintering adults, the onset of adult’s growth depends on the biomass of viable dormant spores, the growing season occurs later and adult productivity is very limited. Long-term predictions for climate change scenarios suggest that, in general, global warming will have adverse affects on Ulva intestinalis productivity, with the adults being more affected than the early life stages.     

Assessment of the ecological quality status of soft-bottoms in Reunion Island (tropical Southwest Indian Ocean) using AZTI marine biotic indices

The ability of the two synthetic marine biotic indices, AMBI and M-AMBI, to account for changes in the ecological quality of coastal soft bottoms of Reunion Island according to disturbances was assessed from macrobenthic samples collected in five sectors between 1994 and 2004. Samples were collected under non-perturbed conditions and at two sites subjected to heavy organic enrichment. Both indices are based on a classification of macrofauna into ecological groups (EG), and their transfer to tropical waters required some adaptations. These indices proved efficient in detecting a degradation of habitat quality. Their use resulted in the classification of all sites sampled between 1996 and 1998 as "good" or "high". M-AMBI nevertheless tended to result in the attribution of a slightly worse ecological quality status than AMBI. Together with an update of the EG species list for the Indian Ocean area, our results support the extension of both indices for the assessment of tropical soft bottoms.     

Estuarine conservation and restoration: the Somme and the Seine case studies (English Channel, France)

Megatidal estuaries such as the Seine and the Somme (North-Western France) are rather well delimited and human impacts on them are well understood. Since the middle of the 19th Century, there has been a slow but irreversible degradation of the state of these English Channel estuaries. However, current conservation and restoration strategies tend to freeze habitats in a particular state, their status being defined, most often, through a patrimonial or utilitarian approach. Connectedness between biotopes (sensu habitat+community) has a tendency to be neglected, especially with regard to main ecological gradients, i.e., salinity. In this paper, evaluation methodologies are proposed with the intention of assessing changes to ecosystem functions, under anthropogenic disturbance, controlled or otherwise. The Seine (a heavily industrialised ecosystem) is compared to the Somme (considered here for its pseudo-natural features) in order to discriminate between oceanic processes (siltation and plugging of estuaries) and anthropogenic influences. Preservation and restoration of habitats rely on a robust scientific methodology. The multi-scale approach adopted in the projects presented here relies on sensitive socio-ecological assessment procedures, tools for evaluating ecological quality, and well-built monitoring programmes based upon pertinent indicators. Such managerial tools were used to refine strategies and make them compatible with the sustainable co-development of resources in a European context. This paper demonstrates how scientists were able to acquire and apply knowledge in the field of rehabilitation and restoration. Jointly with managers and policy-makers, they have brought scientific information and socio-economics together in order to answer questions about the restoration of sites or habitats and to anticipate future propositions in the spirit of Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM).     

阿尔泰早古生代末期洋中脊俯冲：锆石Hf同位素组成突变的启示

从阿尔泰地区花岗岩、沉积岩及片麻岩中分选出来的岩浆成因锆石年龄介于280～2800Ma,记录了该区长期的岩浆活动历史.锆石的Hf同位素组成数据在420Ma左右出现剧烈的突变,显示～420Ma以前岩浆主要来自于古老物质和新生物质的混合,而在420Ma以后则以新生物质熔融为其主要生成方式.这可能暗示着幔源熔体的急剧加入导致该区岩石圈成分在约420Ma被彻底的改造.我们尝试用洋中脊俯冲来解释这一巨大变化,此构造模式不仅可以合理地解释这一时期形成的大量的来自于新生物质的花岗岩,成分复杂的基性岩以及埃达克-高镁安山岩-玻安岩-富铌玄武岩等岩石组合,而且可以解释同期的高温低压区域变质作用.     

新疆西准噶尔地区赞岐岩（sanukite）的地球化学特征、成因机制及其与铜金矿化的关系

西准噶尔地区广泛发育高镁质闪长质岩墙。对全岩样品的Ar-Ar测年获得了321Ma的坪年龄,显示其主要形成于石炭纪末。这些岩墙样品以富Si（SiO2 52．3％～56．9％）、Mg（Mg〉60）、Cr（134—204μg／g）、Ni（59,141μg／g）、Sr（468～724pg／g）、Ba（316～676μg／g）为特征且K／Na比值在0．38—0．63之间,类似于日本中新世Setouehi火山岩带中的赞岐岩。这些岩墙大多具有不同程度的Eu正异常并具有高的Ba／La比值（27～124）,反映其主要来自消减带环境下受流体交代的地幔源区的部分熔融。赞岐岩和区内同时代埃达克质岩石的共生组合意味着该区在晚石炭世末曾受到热消减机制的影响。这种热的洋壳俯冲机制,不仅在石炭纪末期产生了大量的岩浆活动,而且也导致了铜金等成矿元素的富集。深入了解赞岐岩-埃达克岩共生组合与铜金矿化之间的密切关系将有助于正确评价区内成矿潜力。     

冀东太平寨紫苏花岗岩类深熔成因的矿物标志

冀东太平寨地区紫苏花岗岩的矿物学研究结果表明,该类岩石中的主要组成矿物具有残晶相和结晶相矿物共存特点。残晶相和结晶相矿物与围岩中同类矿物对比研究表明,该区的紫苏花岗岩类是由其围岩—石英闪长质-英云闪长质紫苏斜长片麻岩深熔而成。     

内蒙古苏尼特左旗南两类花岗岩同位素年代学及其构造意义

内蒙古北部索伦缝合带（索伦-苏尼特左旗-锡林浩特）被多数中外学者认为是西伯利亚板块南缘和华北板块北缘的最终缝合带,本文选择该缝合带上苏尼特左旗南两类花岗岩-与俯冲有关和与碰撞有关的岩浆岩（分别叫弧岩浆岩和碰撞岗岩）进行同位素年代学研究,结果表明：（1）弧岩浆活动有两期,分别约为490Ma和310Ma(锆石U-Pb,SHRIMP);碰撞花岗岩的侵位年代在230-250Ma(Rb-Sr全岩和锆石U-Pb);（2）根据本文新的年代学数据,索伦缝合带的最终缝合时间可能是在230-310Ma,这显然不同于国内多数学者坚持的“晚泥盆世碰撞”模式;而Sengor等推测的“晚二又开展碰撞”模式与本文数据一致。     

Response of single benthic metrics and multi-metric methods to anthropogenic pressure gradients, in five distinct European coastal and transitional ecosystems

In recent times many benthic indices have been proposed to assess the ecological quality of marine waters worldwide. In this study we compared single metrics and multi-metric methods to assess coastal and transitional benthic status along human pressure gradients in five distinct environments across Europe: Varna bay and lake (Bulgaria), Lesina lagoon (Italy), Mondego estuary (Portugal), Basque coast (Spain) and Oslofjord (Norway). Hence, 13 single metrics (abundance, number of taxa, and several diversity and sensitivity indices) and eight of the most common indices used within the European Water Framework Directive (WFD) for benthic assessment were selected: index of size spectra (ISS), Benthic assessment tool (BAT), Norwegian quality index (NQI), Multivariate AMBI (M-AMBI), Benthic quality index (BQI), (Benthic ecosystem quality index (BEQI), Benthic index based on taxonomic sufficiency (BITS), and infaunal quality index (IQI). Within each system, sampling sites were ordered in an increasing pressure gradient according to a preliminary classification based on professional judgement. The different indices are largely consistent in their response to pressure gradient, except in some particular cases (i.e. BITS, in all cases, or ISS when a low number of individuals is present). Inconsistencies between indicator responses were most pronounced in transitional waters (i.e. IQI, BEQI), highlighting the difficulties of the generic application of indicators to all marine, estuarine and lagoonal environments. However, some of the single (i.e. ecological groups approach, diversity, richness) and multi-metric methods (i.e. BAT, M-AMBI, NQI) were able to detect such gradients both in transitional and coastal environments, being these multi-metric methods more consistent in the detection than single indices. This study highlights the importance of survey design and good reference conditions for some indicators. The agreement observed between different methodologies and their ability to detect quality trends across distinct environments constitutes a promising result for the implementation of the WFD’s monitoring plans. Moreover, these results have management implications, regarding the dangers of misclassification, uncertainty in the assessment, use of conflicting indices, and testing and validation of indices.