洛阳龙门石窟地温场研究

本文基于龙门石窟区域岩溶水文系统的构成,论述了与石窟区地热异常带内优质热矿泉开发利用有关的地温场特征和成因、温泉岩溶水动力学特征,以及地温异常与岩溶发育关系等问题。其中根据热平衡理论建立的温泉水循环深度、温泉水上升过程中与地下浅部冷水混合比例两个理论预测模型,有其理论意义和广泛适用性。      

Orogenesis and Basin Development: U-Pb Detrital Zircon Age Constraints on Evolution of the Late Paleozoic St. Marys Basin, Central Mainland Nova Scotia

The St. Marys Basin, along the southern flank of the composite Late Paleozoic Magdalen Basin in the Canadian Appalachians and along the Avalon-Meguma terrane boundary, contains Late Devonian-Early Carboniferous continental clastic rocks of the Horton Group that were deposited in fluvial and lacustrine environments after the peak of the Acadian orogeny. SHRIMP II (Geological Survey of Canada) data on approximately 100 detrital zircons from three samples of Horton Group rocks from the St. Marys Basin show that most of the zircons have been involved in a multistage history, recycled from clastic rocks in the adjacent Meguma and Avalonian terranes. Although there is a minor contribution from Early Silurian (411 Ma) and Late Devonian suites (ca. 380-370 Ma), Neoproterozoic (ca. 700-550 Ma) and Paleoproterozoic (ca. 2.0-2.2 Ga) zircon populations predominate, with a minor contribution from ca. 1.0-, 1.2-, and 1.8-Ga zircons. Published U-Pb single-zircon analyses on clastic sedimentary rocks indicate that the Meguma and Avalon terranes have different populations of detrital zircons, sourced from discrete portions (Amazonian and West African cratons) of the ancient Gondwanan margin. Both terranes contain Neoproterozoic and Late Archean populations. The SHRIMP data, in conjunction with published sedimentological and geochemical data, indicate that the Horton Group basin-fill sediments are largely the result of rapid uplift and erosion of Meguma terrane metasedimentary and granitoid rocks immediately to the south of the St. Marys Basin during the waning stages of the Acadian orogeny. Regional syntheses indicate that this uplift occurred before and during deposition and was a consequence of dextral ramping of the Meguma terrane over the Avalon terrane along the southern flank of the Magdalen Basin.     

The Spectroscopic Orbit of the Planetary Companion Transiting HD 209458

Three new silicon-bearing radicals of astrophysical interest, SiCCH and the two nearly isoenergetic isomers SiCN and SiNC, were detected in a laboratory discharge in their X2Pi ground states by Fourier transform microwave and millimeter-wave absorption spectroscopy. Hyperfine structure was observed in the low rotational transitions of the (2)Pi(1/2) ladder, and well-resolved Lambda-doubling was observed in both fine-structure ladders. With the spectroscopic constants derived from the laboratory measurements, the spectra of all three can be calculated to an uncertainty of less than 0.1 km s(-1) in equivalent radial velocity over the entire range of interest to radio astronomers. SiCN, with a dipole moment of 2.9 D, is probably the most promising of the three for astronomical discovery.     

Measurement of Charge Exchange and X-Ray Emission Cross Sections for Solar Wind-Comet Interactions

X-ray emission from a comet was observed for the first time in 1996. One of the mechanisms believed to be contributing to this surprisingly strong emission is the interaction of highly charged solar wind ions with cometary gases. Reported herein are total absolute charge-exchange and normalized line-emission (X-ray) cross sections for collisions of high-charge state (+3 to +10) C, N, O, and Ne ions with the cometary species H2O and CO2. It is found that in several cases the double charge-exchange cross sections can be large, and in the case of C3+ they are equal to those for single charge exchange. Present results are compared to cross section values used in recent comet models. The importance of applying accurate cross sections, including double charge exchange, to obtain absolute line-emission intensities is emphasized.     

两类经典滑坡发生时间预报模型的理论分析

老化和应变速率对土体强度和变形性质的影响研究,以及野外事例观察,已经证实大多数滑坡的形成机制可以由深部蠕变理论解释。土体蠕动速率在滑坡爆发之前将随着造成滑坡因素的增加而增加。根据这一理论,人们可以建立早期滑动的唯象蠕变方程来预测滑坡。早期的这类代表模型是Saito模型和Voight模型。本文重新进行的理论分析表明:这些模型具有丰富的理论内涵和深入的理论基础,具备滑坡预报模型要求的所有条件,包含的参数物理意义明确,因而具有新的生命力。      

城市生态位测度研究——以天山北坡城市群为例

依据生态位理论,界定了城市生态位等相关概念。以天山北坡城市群为研究对象,选取1980-2010年人口、产业和投资等数据,根据城市生态位宽度模型、分异指数模型和重叠指数模型,分析了该城市群中各城市生态位空间宽度、生态位结构变化及其相互作用关系,为实现城市群的持续发展提供了新视角。结果表明：天山北坡城市群中,乌鲁木齐和石河子的人口生态位较大,而在经济生态位及资源生态位方面乌鲁木齐和克拉玛依位居前两位,说明城市生态位具有不连续性特征。天山北坡城市群中经济生态位宽度最大值的城市是最小值城市的32倍,说明天山北坡城市群中城市生态位宽度的差异悬殊。同时,天山北坡城市群的人口、经济及资源生态位分异指数均呈现下降趋势,人口与经济要素在空间上的不平衡得以改善,城市之间人口、经济发展的差距在逐渐缩小。天山北坡城市群正逐渐由“单中心”城市群向“多中心”城市群演进。在城市生态位重叠指数方面,城市之间的重叠指数呈现不断增大趋势,说明天山北坡城市之间的产业结构趋同性增强,同质竞争日趋激烈。针对天山北坡城市群城市生态位特征,按照专业化分工协作的要求,提出了城镇组团错位发展的设想。     

三维激光扫描技术在建筑物三维建模可视化中的应用

详细介绍利用三维激光扫描数据去噪、压缩、配准中采用的方法和应注意的问题,对点云数据分割、建筑物轮廓线提取等关键技术进行探讨和分析,提出一套完整的建筑物三维建模可视化方法。     

Relationships between hydrosedimentary processes and occurrence of mercury-resistant bacteria (merA) in estuary mudflats (Seine, France)

The Seine estuary (France) is one of the world's macrotidal systems that is most contaminated with heavy metals. To study the mercury-resistant bacterial community in such an environment, we have developed a molecular tool, based on competitive PCR, enabling the quantification of Gram-negative merA gene abundance. The occurrence of the Gram-negative merA gene in relation with the topology (erosion/deposit periods) and the mercury contamination of three contrasted mudflats was investigated through a multidisciplinary approach and compared with a non-anthropized site (Authie, France). The higher abundance of the Gram-negative merA gene in the Seine estuary mudflats indicates a relationship between the degree of anthropization and the abundance of the merA gene in the mudflat sediments. In the Seine mudflats, the maxima of abundance are always located in fresh sediment deposits. Therefore, the abundance is closely related with the hydrosedimentary processes, which thus seem to be determining factors in the occurrence of the Gram-negative merA gene in the surface sediments of the Seine's mudflat.