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161.
162.
结合黏弹性人工边界的时域波动输入方法和显式有限元法,设计了含垂直断层三维场地的SH波输入方法。基于建立的输入方法,研究了垂直断层对隧道地震响应的影响,并通过自由场算例验证了该方法具有较好精度。数值模拟结果表明:对于断层迎波侧的隧道结构,断层会对其地震动响应产生显著的放大作用,对于断层逆波侧的隧道结构,断层会对其产生隔离地震动的作用;相对周围围岩,断层介质的剪切波速越小,其产生的放大效应和隔震效果也会越显著;断层宽度越小,其对隧道地震动响应的影响范围也就越小,但是断层宽度的变化对于断层两侧隧道的地震动响应的影响并不明显。 相似文献
163.
溢油污染的渤海海冰反射光谱特征实测研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Oil spilled on the sea ice surface in the Bohai Sea of China is studied through the field measurements of the reflectance of a simulated sea ice-oil film mixed pixel. The reflection characteristics of sea ice and oil film are also analyzed. It is found that the mixed pixel of sea ice and oil film is a linear mixed pixel. The means of extracting sea ice pixels containing oil film is presented using a double-band ratio oil-film sea-ice index(DROSI) and a normalized difference oil-film sea-ice index(NDOSI) through the analysis of the reflectance curves of the sea iceoil film pixel for different ratios of oil film. The area proportion of the oil film in the sea ice-oil film pixel can be accurately estimated by the average reflectance of the band of 1 610–1 630 nm, and the volume of the spilled oil can be further estimated. The method of the sea ice-oil film pixel extraction and the models to estimate the proportion of oil film area in the sea ice-oil film pixel can be applied to the oil spill monitoring of the ice-covered area in the Bohai Sea using multispectral or hyperspectral remote sensing images in the shortwave infrared band(1 500–1 780 nm). 相似文献
164.
利用Autolab 2000岩石物性测试设备,在0~200 MPa及三种不同孔隙流体条件下(干燥、水饱和及油饱和)研究了三种来自延长油田延长组的砂岩沿平行和垂直层面两个方向(即H和V)的纵波、横波速度,并分别计算了这些弹性波速的各向异性系数.结果表明:三种砂岩Y1、Y2和Y3两个方向上的VP、VSH和VSV均随围压增加而基本呈对数函数形式变化,且纵波饱油曲线的斜率远大于饱水;Y1、Y2砂岩H方向的VP、VSH和VSV在干燥、饱水和饱油条件下基本上均大于对应的V方向的波速;干燥、饱水和饱油条件下Y1、Y2的波速各向异性系数ε、γ和ζ和围压之间呈指数或二次函数降低;Y1、Y2、Y3三个岩样之间的速度各向异性差异明显,以Y2的各向异性最显著,其次是Y1,而Y3基本没有各向异性.另外,Y1、Y2的各向异性系数ε、γ和ζ之间表现出明显的与压力和流体状态相关性,且在实验压力范围内,饱油条件下的ε、γ均大于对应的饱水条件.实验结果可以为该地区地震资料的解释、油水层划分及与声波测井之间的对比提供重要的基础数据. 相似文献
165.
166.
岩石的地震波性质是区域构造研究和浅部地震勘探应用的基础.延长油田是我国重要的油气生产基地之一,但目前仍缺乏地震波性质方面的基础资料.作者利用Autolab2000多功能岩石物性自动测试设备,在0~180MPa及饱含不同孔隙流体(干燥、饱水及饱油)条件下,研究了三种来自延长油田砂岩岩芯的纵波、横波速度.结果表明:三种砂岩的Vp、Vs1和Vs2均随压力增加(或降低)而基本呈对数曲线增大(或减小);干燥、饱水和饱油三种波速间的关系因砂岩类型不同而不同,这主要取决于岩石的有效弹性模量、孔隙流体性质以及岩石的内部结构等;含同种孔隙流体的不同类型砂岩,其Vp、Vs1和Vs2随压力变化的规律主要受岩石孔隙度和粒度的影响;而含不同孔隙流体的同种砂岩,其Vp、Vs1和Vs2随压力变化的规律则主要受控于岩石的有效弹性模量和流体密度.另外,含水或含油饱和度的变化对Vs1和Vs2基本没有影响.实验结果可以为该地区地震资料的解释及与声波测井之间的对比提供重要的基础数据和参考依据. 相似文献
167.
Assessment of the effects of a marine urban outfall discharge on caged mussels using chemical and biomarker analysis 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
de los Ríos A Juanes JA Ortiz-Zarragoitia M López de Alda M Barceló D Cajaraville MP 《Marine pollution bulletin》2012,64(3):563-573
To assess the presence of endocrine disruptors in treated marine outfall discharges and their possible effects, mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) were caged in the environmental mixing zone of the outfall of the Santander sanitation system and in one control area. After 30, 60 and 90 days, samples were collected to perform chemical analyses (metals, anionic surfactants, alkylphenols, bisphenol A, phthalates and estrogenic hormones), biomarkers of general stress (lysosomal membrane stability-LMS, histopathology) and biomarkers of endocrine disruption (vitellogenin-like proteins and gonad index). There were no significant differences between outfall and control sites on contaminant levels, except for 4-tert-octylphenol which was higher in the outfall site. Bacteriological counts were higher in the outfall area. No relevant differences in biomarkers were detected between treated and control mussels. A significant reduction in LMS occurred in both groups after 90 days caging, indicating a stress situation possibly related to caging or to post-spawning reproductive state. 相似文献
168.
Muñoz-Barbosa A Gutiérrez-Galindo EA Daesslé LW Orozco-Borbón MV Segovia-Zavala JA 《Marine pollution bulletin》2012,64(2):405-409
In 1992 and 2004, heavy metals concentrations were measured in surficial sediments from Todos Santos Bay, located in Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico. The aim was to search for relationships between metal enrichment factors and a biological adverse effects index. Unlike Ni, the elements Cd, Cu and Zn showed significant correlations (p<0.05) between enrichment factors and the biological adverse effects index. Cu showed a 0.74:1 relationship, which means that any enrichment above 0.74 could represent biological adverse effects. On the other hand, Cd and Zn enrichments must be >5.5 and >1.5, respectively, in order for the sediments to be considered toxic. In general, data showed that most of the metal concentrations in Todos Santos Bay sediments could not cause adverse effects to biota. Only Ensenada's harbor and the zone next to a dredging dumping site showed metal enrichments that could be toxic. 相似文献
169.
Aguado-Giménez F Piedecausa MA Gutiérrez JM García-Charton JA Belmonte A García-García B 《Marine pollution bulletin》2012,64(4):729-738
The development of a benthic environment after fish-farming cessation was examined. To ascertain whether recovery occurred, several abiotic (granulometry, acid-volatile sulfides, total phosphorus and redox potential) and biotic (polychaete abundance) variables were monitored using a "beyond-BACI" approach. Before the cessation of farming, the geochemical conditions and polychaete assemblages differed among the impacted and control sites. After cessation, an improvement of the geochemical conditions was achieved. A significant tendency toward a recovery of the polychaete assemblage in the impacted area was observed, but significant differences still remained compared with the control sites. The acid-volatile sulfide level was responsible for these differences. The abundance of polychaete families associated with organically enriched sediments diminished at the impacted site after cessation, whereas the abundance of some sensitive and omnivorous families increased. The "beyond-BACI" approach provided a wider framework than other approaches, enabling us to differentiate the natural variability from those changes induced by the fish farm and farming cessation. 相似文献
170.