Longitudinal heating gradient: Another possible factor influencing the intensity of the Asian summer monsoon circulation

The Largest longitudinal heating gradients in the tropics exist between the African desert and Asian convective regions during summer once the South Asian monsoon is established. The heating gradients are anchored by the la-tent heat release and net radiative flux convergence over the monsoon region, and by the dominant net radiative flux divergence over the desert.An apparent relationship is found between the intensity of the Asian summer monsoon circulation and the longitudinal healing gradients mentioned, in addition to the latitudinal heating gradients cross the monsoon region. The monsoon circulation measured in terms of the zonal wind component is stronger when the longitudinal heating gradients are large, and vice versa. Thus, we claim that the longitudinal heating gradient may be another important factor which influences the intensity of the Asian summer monsoon circulation. There is little evidence that the interannual variability of the longitudinal heating gradients between Africa and Asia and, thus, the intensity of the Asian summer monsoon circulation, is a strong function of the El Nino / Southern Oscillation cycle.     

强降水超级单体：概念模式及其使用

1.引言超级单体雷暴被定义为与强上升气流和涡旋中心具有持久时空相关,并能引起中气旋(klemp,1987)的风暴.对流风暴的超级单体有多种不同形式:弱降水超级单体(LP,Bluestein和Parks,1983);典型超级单体(C)和强降水超级单体(HP,Mooler和Doswell,1988和Doswell等,1990).HP超级单体主要的特征是在中气旋后侧(也可能在前侧)观测到很强的降水(也许有冰雹).     

贵州石阡地区热矿水同位素地球化学研究

根据石阡地区热矿水分布区的水文地质、构造、岩相资料和热矿水的水化学及同位素的研究成果,可将本区热矿水分成Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ三个小区:Ⅰ区位于印江至石阡的袍木寨背斜、石阡断裂带北段上,含水围岩为咸化海相白云岩含膏盐建造,为矿化度高,Sr~(2+)、SO_4~(2-)、δD、δ~(18)O较高的SO_4~(2-)型水。Ⅲ区位于红石走滑断裂束,含水围岩为浅海灰岩建造,为矿化度低,Sr~(2+)、SO_4~(2-)、δD、δ~(18)O较低的HCO_3~-型水。Ⅰ、Ⅲ区热矿水年龄较低。Ⅱ区位于上述两构造带的复合部位,其热矿水为Ⅰ、Ⅲ区热矿水混合而成。为年龄较高的水化学和同位素组成介于上述二者之间的SO_4~(2-)·HCO_3~-型水。