缺少密度或孔隙度测定数据的块体堆积速率的计算

缺少密度或孔隙度测定数据的块体堆积速率的计算Ｔ．Ｊ．Ｓ．Ｓｙｋｅｓ等块体堆积速率（ＭＡＲ）计算已被应用于深海钻探计划（ＤＳＤＰ）和大洋钻探计划（ＯＤＰ）岩心，以研究大洋盆地的沉积物演化，或把ＭＡＲ数据分离成岩石学成分以决定方解石补偿深度（ＣＣＤ）的历...     

江浙沿海模型台风暴潮的数值模拟

海面风应力和大气压强是引起台风暴潮最重要的两种作用力。它们的量值大小直接取决于台风本身的移速、移向、强度等运动学或动力学参量。因此,从理论上进一步研究台风参数与台风暴潮之间的关系,不仅有利于我们全面地了解台凤暴潮的特性,而且还有助于对台风参数影响下的台风增水值建立起一个直观定量的概念,与文献[3]一[4]不同,本文以江浙沿海为背景,采用二次守恒差分模型,对强度、移向和移速不同的各类模型台风暴潮进行了数值模拟,给出了该海域台风暴潮与台风参数之间的对应关系。     

西藏羊卓雍湖水环境变化探索研究

本文对西藏羊卓雍湖水环境现状和变化趋势进行了研究。用水量平衡方程和零维水质模型定量计算了该湖水利资源开发后水量和矿化度的变化,结果表明,湖水矿化度在水平和垂直方向的变化不大;67年后,湖水面积减少121.4km~2,年入湖水量比蒸发量大1.8l亿m~3,可供继续发电,水量达到新的平衡;湖泊水质逐渐淡化,700年后湖水矿化度将达平衡浓度。保持现状不开发羊湖水资源,湖泊水质将继续咸化。     

次生悬浮颗粒物与海域生命元素的内循环

重点讨论近岸海域海洋资源开发过程中所诱发产生的次生悬浮颗粒物的产生机制，及其对近岸海域水体中生命元素的生物地球化学的行为，过程和内循环等诸环节的效应。该物质很大程度上决定了海域水体中的生命元素的存在形态，含量水平。因此，可能成为近岸水体富营养化的潜在威胁。     

台湾海峡中北部上升流区各种形态磷的化学特性

根据１９８８年７月调查资料讨论了台湾海峡中北部海域夏季上升流区各种形态磷的分布特征。结果表明，上升流中心区（即海坛岛东侧一带水域）具有低温、高盐、低溶解氧；ＤＩｐ，ＴＤＰ，ＰＰ，ＴＰ较高；ＤＯＰ较低（０．２７）；及ＤＩＰ／ＤＯＰ比值（约为１）较高的特性。ＤＯＰ是该海域磷的主要形态（占ＴＰ的４９．２％），其含量分布及其形态转化与生物活动直接相关，是该海域生物生产力高的体现。     

台湾海峡上升流区底栖生物数量动态的初步研究

不同季节底梄生物数量的动态由其组成种的种群特点所决定。在一些生命周期短(一年左右)、生长速度快(新生个体当年可以长成)的种处于优势的情况下,生物数量的季节变化就比较显著;而生命周期长、其种群由多个年龄组的个体构成的种占优势的情况下，一年之中种群数量就相对稳定。另一方面,底栖生物数量的急剧改变又决定于经济种的捕食活动和优势种的生物学过程。台湾海峡系经济鱼、虾类的集中分布区,尤以上升流区范围内的集群最密集。为了便于深入研究上升流与经济鱼、虾类资源的关系,本文着重探讨上升流范围内底栖生物数量的动态特点。     

Measurement of stress effects (scope for growth) and contaminant levels in mussels (Mytilus edulis) collected from the Irish Sea

The objective of this research was to quantify the impact of pollution along the coastlines of the Irish Sea. Pollution assessment was based on the combined measurement of scope for growth (SFG), and chemical contaminants in the tissues of mussels (Mytilus edulis) collected from 38 coastal sites around the Irish Sea during June-July in 1996 and 1997. On the UK mainland coast, the SFG showed a general trend with a significant decline in water quality in the Liverpool and Morecambe Bay region. High water quality was recorded along the west coast of Wales, as well as southwest England and northwest Scotland (clean reference sites outside the Irish Sea). Along the coast of Ireland there was a similar trend with reduced SFG within the Irish Sea region. SFG was generally low north of Duncannon and then improved north of Belfast. The poor water quality on both sides of the Irish Sea is consistent with the prevailing hydrodynamics and the spatial distribution of contaminants associated with urban/ industrial development. The decline in SFG of mussels on both sides of the Irish Sea was associated with a general increase in contaminant levels in the mussels. Certain contaminants, including PAHs, TBT, sigmaDDT, Dieldrin, gamma-HCH, PCBs, and a few of the metals (Cd, Se, Ag, Pb), showed elevated concentrations. Many of these contaminants were particularly elevated in the coastal margins of Liverpool Bay, Morecambe Bay and Dublin Bay. A quantitative toxicological interpretation (QTI) of the combined tissue residue chemistry and SFG measurements indicated that at the majority of coastal sites, c. 50 to > 80% of the observed decline in SFG was due to PAHs as a result of fossil fuel combustion and oil spills. TBT levels were highest at major ports and harbours, but these concentrations only made a minor contribution to the overall reduction in SFG. At no sites were individual metals accumulated to concentrations that could cause a significant effect on SFG. The study identified many sites where the observed reduction in SFG was far greater than predicted from the limited number of chemical contaminants analysed, thus indicating the presence of additional 'unknown toxicants'. Sewage (containing domestic, agricultural and industrial components) appears to be an important contributor to reduced SFG and linear alkylbenzenes (LABs) and As may provide suitable 'sewage markers'. There was a highly significant positive correlation between SFG and As (P < 0.001). This relationship may be due to reduced As uptake by algal food material and mussels at sites with elevated P04 concentrations (e.g. at sites with sewage inputs). Phosphate is a known competitive inhibitor of As accumulation, at least in algae. The results highlight that further research is required on 'sewage markers' in mussels. The SFG approach therefore provides a rapid, cost-effective and quantitative measure of pollution impact, as well as a means of identifying the causes through a QTI of tissue contaminants levels. It also serves to identify the presence of unidentified toxicants and areas that require further study.     

Patterns of heritability of decreased EROD activity and resistance to PCB 126-induced teratogenesis in laboratory-reared offspring of killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) from a creosote-contaminated site in the Elizabeth River,VA, USA

Killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) from a highly contaminated site on the Elizabeth River are resistant to the acute toxicity and the cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A)-inducing activity of both the sediments from the site and chemically pure polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). These effects are highly heritable for one generation, but heritable to a lesser degree by subsequent generations, in clean conditions in the laboratory. We show that offspring of this population of Elizabeth River killifish are also resistant to the teratogenicity and P4501A-inducing activity of PCB congener 126, a prototypical coplanar halogenated aromatic hydrocarbon (HAH). Furthermore, the pattern of greater resistance to acute toxicity and P4501A-inducing activity in the first generation and less in subsequent generations is also observed upon exposure to PCB-126.     

台湾海峡1999年8月表层温盐的走航式观测

利用1999年8月台湾海峡的调查资料中走航式温盐仪的资料，对该海区的表层温盐分布进行分析。分析结果表明：调查期间在该海区存在多处上升流和冲淡水。台湾海峡调查海区的上升流区大致可分为两类：（1）海峡西部沿岸上升流区：平潭上升流区、东山上升流区和南澳上升流区；92）台湾浅滩附近的上升流区。冲淡水主要有九龙江冲淡水、珠江冲淡水和闽江冲淡水，此外还有粤东沿岸水。