UNIQUE ASPECTS OF MODELING IRRIGATI0N-INDUCED SOIL EROSION

llNTRODUCTIONIrrigationisimp0rtanttof00dpr0ducti0nthr0ughoutthew0rld.Irrigati0nisused0naboutl5theworld'scropland(KendalIandPimentel,l994)and5%ofthew0rld'sfoodproductionland,whichincludesrangelandandpermanentcr0pland(FAO,l998).However,irrigatedlandproducesmorethan30%ofthew0rld'sf0od(Tribe,1994),whichis2l/2timesasmuchperunitareacomparedt0n0n-irrigatedproducti0n(KendallandPimentel,1994).IntheUnitedStates,approximatelyl5theharvestedcr0plandisirrigated,butalmost40thet0talcr0pvalue…     

LONG TERM SEDIMENT YIELD AND MITIGATION IN A SMALL SOUTHERN PIEDMONT WATERSHED

lINTRoDUCTlONTheSouthernPiedmo12tph}siographicregioninthesoutheasternUnitedStatescoversaboutl6.5millionhae\tendingl2OOkmtYomsouthernVirginiatoeast-centralAlabamaandliesbetweentheAppalachianMountainsandthesouthernCoastalPlain(Carrekeretal.,l977).ThePiedmontslopessoutheast\\ardtbrapproximatel}25Oto3ookmtYom35omabovesealeveladjacenttothemountainsto]OOmabo\7esealevela1ongthesoLltheasternedge.Thislbothillsregionisdissectedbymanystreams.Thetopograph}isgentI}rolling,x`ithgentletomoderates…     

Biological and Molecular Geochemical Evidence for Dinoflagellate Ancestors in the Upper Sinian-Cambrian

Dinoflagellates are single celled organisms that reflect the ecological conditions in modern oceans and lakes. Their earliest undisputed fossil record suggests that dinoflagellates originated from the Middle Triassic (c. 240 Ma ago). However, the presence of molecular biomarkers (dinosterane, 4α-methyl-24-ethylcholestane and tria-romatic dinosteroids) in rock extracts and coccoid dinoflagellate fossils from the upper Sinian to Cambrian of the Tarim basin confirms the hypothesis that dinoflagellates have an ancient origin, and predate the oldest undisputed dinoflagellate fossils at least by 300 Ma, as early as the late Sinian-Cambrian.     

塞内加尔舌鳎仔鱼消化酶的发育

研究了投喂活饵料的塞内加尔舌鳎仔鱼从开始摄食到孵化后第1个月内消化酶活性的变化情况。孵化21d以内的仔鱼整体匀浆用于酶活力分析。孵化21d以后的仔鱼先解剖,取其胰脏和肠道,匀浆后用于酶活力分析。肠道刷缘膜上皮由肠道组织片段纯化得到。从孵化后2d到孵化后18d,胰脏和肠道酶类表现出动物发育的特征性模式：孵化后的前10d,酶活力增长,而后下降。孵化后21d到27d,碱性磷酸酶活力的大幅增加表明肠道细胞刷缘膜层正逐步发育。与此同时,细胞溶质酶(亮氨酸-丙氨酸肽酶)的活力下降。这种对立的模式体现了消化道的成熟过程以及成熟消化方式的形成。     

帕米尔东北侧邻区第四纪新构造活动规律

帕米尔东北侧邻区新构造活动具有幅度巨大,阶段性继承性明显,现今活动性强烈等特点。以帕米尔高原隆升为背景,研究了帕米尔东北侧邻区的新构造运动及地震活动的规律,通过有限元数值模拟,分析了第四纪新构造活动的应力场,并进一步探讨了新构造运动与地震活动的力源机制。     

重庆市丰都县弹子台水库工程地质问题

根据室内外大量调查测试资料,对重庆市丰都县弹子台水库特殊的工程地质问题,进行了阐述和深入系统分析,所得结论为该水库的论证和设计提供了依据。     

Significance test for empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis of meteorological and oceanic data

ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＥｍｐｉｒｉｃａｌｏｒｔｈｏｇｏｎａｌｆｕｎｃｔｉｏｎ (ＥＯＦ)ｉｓａｓｔａｔｉｓｔｉｃａｌｍｅｔｈｏｄｗｉｄｅｌｙｕｓｅｄｔｏｑｕａｎｔｉｔａｔｉｖｅｌｙｅｘａｍ ｉｎｅｍｅｔｅｏｒｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌａｎｄｏｃｅａｎｉｃｄａｔａ (ＰｒｅｉｓｅｎｄｏｒｆｅｒａｎｄＢａｒｎｅｔｔ,1 977;Ｒａｓｍｕｓｓｏｎｅｔａｌ.,1 981 ;ＫｎａｐｐｅｎｂｅｒｇｅｒａｎｄＭｉｃｈａｅｌｓ,1 993 ;ＬｅｅａｎｄＣｏｒｎｉｌｌｏｎ ,1 995) .Ｔｈｅｍｅｔｈｏｄｓｅｅｋｓｏｕｔｔｈｅｆｉｒｓｔｆｅｗｏｒｔｈ…     

COMPARATIVE STUDIES OF INORGANIC CARBON UTILIZATION IN EMILIANIA HUXLEYI AND SOME NON-CALCIFYING MARINE MICROALGAE

INTRODUCTIONMarinemicroalgaeacquiretheirinorganiccarbonforphotosynthesisfromseawaterwhereinorganiccarbonmaybepresentasfreeCO2 ,H2 CO3andHCO-3 andCO2 -3 .TheproportionsofdifferentDICformsareprimarilyrelatedtopH ,andtotemperatureandsalinitytoalessextent.ThetotalDICisashighas2mmol Linseawa terbutthisismainlyintheformofHCO-3 .InnormalpHrangeof7.8-8.2inseawater,HCO-3 accountsfororethan 90 %ofthetotalDIC,whilefreeCO2 islessthan1 % .TheequilibriumconcentrationoffreeCO2 isonly1 2 μm…     

Assessment of man-made and natural hazards in the surroundings of hydropower projects under construction in the beas valley of northwestern Himalaya

Mountain ecosystem,on the earth,has plenty of natural resources. In Himachal Pradesh all the rivers are snowfed and therefore rich in water resources. These resources have been supporting enough for the generation of electricity through introducing hydropower projects since the last decade. However,every developmental activity has its own negative impacts on the surrounding environment. Due to the fragile nature of topography and delicacy of ecology of the Himalaya,it results in lot of disturbances because of high degree of human interferences like construction of major hydropower projects. The increased extent of geological hazards,such as landslides,rock fall and soil erosion,have mainly due to alike developmental interventions in the natural ecosystem. So understanding and analysing such impacts of the hydropower projects have mainly been on the environment in various forms but natural hazards have been frequent ones. The present study,therefore,focuses mainly on the Parbati Stage Ⅱ (800 MW) and the Parbati Stage Ⅲ (520 MW) hydropower projects; both of which fall within the Kullu district of Himachal Pradesh. Based on the perception survey of the local communities,the existing land use pattern,status of total acquired land of the residents by hydropower projects,frequent natural hazards and resultant loss to the local communities due to upcoming construction of hydropower projects surrounding to the Parbati Stage Ⅱ and Ⅲ have been analysed in the paper. Also,the preventive measures to mitigate these adverse impacts have been suggested to strengthen these projects in eco-friendly manner in the mountain context.     

Mountain Water Tower and Ecological Risk Estimation of the Mesta-Nestos Transboundary River Basin （Bulgaria-Greece）

The Mesta-Nestos river basin in Bulgaria and Greece is a case study for transboundary decision-making support in south-eastern Europe and a show-case for the development of methodologies and information-gathering for the integrated regional planning of water resources. Land-use conflicts in this water-scarce region cover a wide spectrum of activities like agricultural irrigation,drinking water production,diversions for industrial water,and risk of pollution from mining,to name a few examples. Measurements of the water quality were carried out in the upper basin. Results will be illustrated by the example of the environmental situation in the alpine region of the Pirin National Park as well as in the Razlog Basin with a stronger anthropogenic impact and pollution around a former uranium mine near the village of Ele?nica. The social and economic development of this transboundary region is a recently established priority for the future. It will mean an increase in water usage and more stress for the water resources if regional impacts of global climate change are verified. Problem-focused management of the catchment area as a whole on the basis of proved geo-data sets is needed for the future.