月球哥白尼纪次级坑的形态特征及其空间分布

月球次级坑是月球上的一种地质特征,易与初级坑相混淆,对月表定年影响大,同时对主撞击坑的撞击方向有一定的指示意义,因此识别和筛选出次级坑是一项重要的工作。综合考虑撞击坑空间分布位置和直径关系,选取哥白尼纪5个典型撞击坑为研究对象,基于遥感影像和地形数据,通过总结相关学者对特定形态指标与次级坑定量关系的研究,构建4个形态指标(不规则度、椭圆度、深径比、坑缘高度与直径比)及其参数范围,进行次级坑的智能化识别、提取与空间分布研究。最终识别出次级坑总数量为17 811个,在此基础上构建了包含位置、大小、形状、距离和方向5大类的数据库;并研究了距主坑边缘不同距离范围内次级坑的规模和空间分布特征;提出了基于次级坑主轴方向判定撞击坑入射方向的新方法。研究结果表明:①在规模大小上,月海次级坑直径大小主要集中在初级坑直径的(2. 7±0. 11)%以下;月陆次级坑直径大小主要集中在初级坑直径的(3±0. 3)%以下;在空间分布上,月海与月陆次级坑分布规律相一致,次级坑数量占总次级坑数量的90%时,其分布距离是最大分布距离的(57±7)%;②Tycho撞击坑的入射方向为W-E方向,Copernicus撞击坑和Kepler撞击坑的入射方向为SE-NW方向,Aristarchus撞击坑和Jackson撞击坑的入射方向为NW-SE方向。这些认识将对更准确地开展撞击坑撞击方向的研究提供参考。     

中东欧地缘环境多重视角解析

中东欧地区历来是地缘博弈的竞技场和利益争夺的交锋地,地缘政治特征十分显著。在全球地缘战略格局的不断演变中,中东欧地缘环境也随之发生着深刻变化,呈现出了新的特点和趋势。结合纵向历史演变和横向力量格局、外部战略环境和内部文化环境,以独特的地缘属性变迁、纷乱的地缘战略博弈和复杂的地缘文化结构为视角,分析中东欧地缘环境的历史演变及其演化规律,以当前地区地缘战略格局为基础,探查影响地区地缘环境的主要因素,剖析大国主导下的地缘关系和文化结构,分析得出域内国家弱小自主性差、大国地区博弈干预影响严重、地缘文化多样差异性显著等地缘环境特征。     

主动大陆边缘的海底块体运动——发震带钻探计划（NanTroSEIZE）第一航次期间在南海（Nankai）海槽所取岩心样之初步结果

2007年底到2008年初,综合大洋钻探计划（IODP）“南海海槽发震带试验”（NanTrosEIZE）的第一阶段是沿南海海槽的汇聚边缘开始钻井、取芯。NanTroSEIZE项目是一个多阶段的IODP钻探计划,重点是通过直接取样、原位测试以及长期监测,了解地震成因、破裂传播以及海啸成因的力学性质。第一阶段包括三个非立管钻探航次,调查几个横穿西南日本纪伊半岛海域的陆坡和隆起的站位。主要目的是研究板块边界和张性断裂的浅部特征,这些钻探航次还为研究主动大陆边缘的海底块体运动提供了有价值的信息。     

西北非陆缘的大规模块体坡移：被动陆缘块体坡移的一般推论

西北非海域的陆缘地貌因受到顺陆坡而下和平行于陆坡两个方向沉积物运移作用的相互影响而有很大改变。在几个航次的调查中,通过地球物理、沉积学和地球化学方法,对位于12°～26°N之间的塞内加尔和毛利塔尼亚海域的沉积物运移作用进行了调查。测深和高分辨率地震资料被用于研究再沉积的延伸范围以及内部结构。根据这些测量结果进行了沉积物取芯,并进行了沉积学和地球化学分析。     

南极Scotia海Dove山脉形成的火山作用及其岩石学、地球化学和构造环境

本研究对来自DOVE盆地（Scotia海南部）中部火山山脊的拖网样品进行了详细的岩石学、地球化学分析,辅以K—Ar年代学分析。研究区水深2000～3000m,地理坐标范围为59°21～23′S和42°27～31′w。本研究的目的在于,通过比较研究区火成岩和形成Scotia、Antartic—Phoenix洋中脊及南设得兰群岛的火山岩之间的地球化学特征和同位素特征,厘定研究区岩浆形成的地球动力学背景以及岩浆作用的绝对年龄。     

Protein carbonyls and antioxidant defenses in corkwing wrasse (Symphodus melops) from a heavy metal polluted and a PAH polluted site

The use of fish in environmental monitoring has become increasingly important in recent years as anthropogenic substances, many of which function as prooxidants, are accumulating in aquatic environments. We have measured a battery of antioxidant defenses as a measure of oxidative status, as well as protein carbonylation as a measure of oxidative damage, in corkwing wrasse (Symphodus melops) captured near a disused copper mine, where water and sediment are contaminated with heavy metals, and an aluminum smelter, a site contaminated with PAHs. Results were compared to two different reference sites. Fish at the heavy metal site had lower glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity and elevated protein carbonyls (1.8 times) compared to fish from the reference site. At the PAH site, EROD was increased 2-fold, while total glutathione and methemoglobin reductase concentration, were decreased. No differences were seen in protein carbonyl levels at the PAH site. Measures of both antioxidant defenses and oxidative damage should be used when assessing effects of xenobiotics on oxidative stress in fish species.     

Comparative oxygen radical formation and toxicity of BDE 47 in rainbow trout cell lines

The polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) constitute a class of flame retardants whose residues have markedly increased in fish and human tissues during the last decade. In particular, the levels of certain PBDE congeners in salmon have raised concern regarding potential risks associated with dietary PBDE exposures. However, little is known regarding PBDE-mediated cell injury in relevant in vitro cell models. We conducted a comparative study of oxyradical production and cell injury in rainbow trout gill (RTgill-W1) and trout liver cells (RTL-W1) exposed to 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE 47), a predominant BDE residue found in fish tissues such as salmonids. Exposure to low micromolar concentrations of BDE 47 elicited a significant loss in RTgill-W1 and RTL-W1 cell viability as measured by alamarBlue assay. The dose-response of BDE toxicity differed among the two cell lines, with the RTL-W1 liver cells showing greater resistance to toxicity at lower BDE 47 doses, but a more dramatic loss of viability relative to gill cells when challenged with higher (50 microM) doses. The sensitivity of the trout liver cells at higher BDE 47 exposures was reflected by a higher basal production of oxygen radical production by 6-carboxy-2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) fluorescence that was markedly enhanced in the presence of BDE 47, suggesting an overwhelming of trout liver cell antioxidant defense pathways. Collectively, our data indicate that RTgill-W1 and RTL-W1 liver cells are sensitive to BDE 47-mediated cell injury through a mechanism that may involve oxidative stress. Our data also provide an in vitro basis for potential tissue differences in BDE 47-mediated cell injury.     

对虾传染性肌肉坏死病研究进展

对虾传染性肌肉坏死病(infectious myonecrosis,IMN)最初于2002年8月爆发于巴西Piaui州的凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)养殖场,并很快在巴西东北沿岸蔓延开来,目前已传至亚洲.2004年,经美国亚利桑那大学(University of Arizona)水产病害实验室研究,该病为一种新的对虾疾病,根据其症状,暂定名为传染性肌肉坏死病.     

东地中海对气候作用力的响应：来自最后两个间冰期高峰的认知

有关地中海海洋系统对气候效应的灵敏性这一问题仍处于争辩阶段。在这里,我们研究了在过去最后两个间冰期高峰期间东地中海海洋循环对日照效应的长期反应,在这期间大规模的水文变化导致了富含有机质的沉积物的沉积。     

地中海东部泥火山结构中烃类气体的来源迁移以及在水体中的行为

在被动大陆边缘的陆地和海底环境,常常可以发现泥火山结构的存在。泥火山的喷发主要由于沉积物深部形成的高压所诱发,而这种高压主要是由过度的气体和水体压力的积聚引起。这种情况下,气体、水体和沉积物被活化,沿着沉积物（通常是断裂）向上迁移,形成泥穹丘。