Zusammenfassung Neue stratigraphische Erforschungen im mittelböhmischen Devon haben in den letzten Jahren eine Reihe neuer Kenntnisse gebracht, welche die bisherige Ansicht über die Stratigraphie der Devonschichten im Barrandium in beträchtlichem Maße ändern. Die Grenze zwischen Silur und Devon wurde neu bestimmt und die fazielle Entwicklung des Unterdevons neu ausgewertet (der Konprusykalk ist ein Äquivalent des unteren Teiles des Bránikkalkes u. a.). Die Grenze zwischen dem Unter- und Mitteldevon wird nun viel höher gelegt als es der älteren Auffassung entspricht. Bei allen Schichtgruppen wurden reiche fazielle Unterschiede festgestellt und biostratigraphische Untersuchungen durchgeführt. 相似文献
We present a new approach for mapping open cracks and tension fractures within rock slope instabilities and rock cliffs, which resides in high-resolution ground-based and airborne infrared thermography (IRT). The method is restricted to cold seasons, and its utility is demonstrated through three examples from the Flysch Belt of the Outer West Carpathians (rockslides at Kopce Hill and Mt. Kněhyně) and from the Northern Calcareous Alps (deep-seated gravitational slope deformations in Gschliefgraben/Mt. Traunstein). The approach is based on a contrast between temperatures deep within the rock mass, which at a depth of few meters represent local mean annual values, and winter-time temperatures of the ground surface. In winter, warmer, buoyant air from depth rises to the ground surface through open cracks and joints, and the temperature contrast can be detected by IRT. Our test survey was conducted in the beginning of February 2012, in order to achieve the best contrast between temperatures around open tension cracks and the adjacent ground. For temperature sensing, we used a FLIR B360 thermal camera; for airborne surveys in the ambient air, temperatures at the time of our surveys ranged from approximately ?19 to ?7 °C. IRT results conclusively revealed the presence of open cracks, loosened rock zones, and pseudo-karst caves over a distance sometimes greater than 1 km. The IRT approach proved useful for rapidly assessing the distribution of open cracks and tension fractures, key information required for assessing rockfall and rockslide hazard. 相似文献
This study evaluates the performance of two bias correction techniques—power transformation and gamma distribution adjustment—for Eta regional climate model (RCM) precipitation simulations. For the gamma distribution adjustment, the number of dry days is not taken as a fixed parameter; rather, we propose a new methodology for handling dry days. We consider two cases: the first case is defined as having a greater number of simulated dry days than the observed number, and the second case is defined as the opposite. The present climate period was divided into calibration and validation sets. We evaluate the results of the two bias correction techniques using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov nonparametric test and the sum of the differences between the cumulative distribution curves. These tests show that both correction techniques were effective in reducing errors and consequently improving the reliability of the simulations. However, the gamma distribution correction method proved to be more efficient, particularly in reducing the error in the number of dry days.
Based on the spherical cavity expansion (SCE) problem, Cudmani and Osinov (Can Geotech J 38:622–638, 2001), Osinov and Cudmani
(Int J Numer Anal Method Geomech 25:473–495, 2001) developed a semi-empirical method of interpretation of CPT for coarse-grained
soils (sand, gravel) using a hypoplastic constitutive model. Using a material-independent shape factor, the cone penetration
resistance was related to the limit pressure required to expand a spherical cavity. The shape factor was observed to be a
function of the soil state only, in particular the pressure-dependent relative density. This paper presents an analogous interpretation
technique for CPT in fine-grained soils using the shape factor concept, Cavity Expansion approach, and a hypoplastic constitutive
model. Relations for the shape factor and the limit pressure have been proposed based on the parameters affecting these quantities.
A validation of the proposed interpretation technique with experimental results has also been performed. 相似文献
A large deep-seated landslide, triggered by a heavy rainfall, activated early in the morning on May 19, 2010 along the SW
slope of Gírová Mt., NE Czech Republic. The landslide occurred within a zone of pre-existing deep-seated gravitational deformation,
and it was accompanied with pronounced ground liquefying in the central and lower portion of the sliding mass. The precipitation
that triggered the landslide was about 244.6 mm that fell between May 15th and 18th with an average of 61 mm/day. No properties
or lives were lost. However, the landslide provided a good case study on triggering factors and process of liquefaction at
mountain slopes in the E Czech Republic and adjacent areas. 相似文献
In the Lachlan Fold Belt of southeastern Australia, major orogenic gold and porphyry gold–copper deposits formed simultaneously
within distinct tectonic settings during a very short time interval at ca. 440 Ma. The driving mechanism that controlled the
temporal coincidence of these deposits remains largely unexplained. A review of contemporaneous metallogenic, tectonic, magmatic
and sedimentological events in central and eastern Australia reveals that a change in subduction dynamics along the Australian
sector of the Early Palaeozoic circum–Gondwana mega-subduction system could have influenced lithospheric stress conditions
far inboard of the subduction margin. The magnitude of ore formation and the spatial extent of related events are proposed
in this paper to have been controlled by the interplay of mantle processes and lithospheric changes that followed slab break-off
along a portion of the mega-subduction system surrounding Gondwana at that time. Slab break-off after subduction lock-up caused
mantle upwelling that, in turn, provided an instantaneous heat supply for magmatic and hydrothermal events. Coincident reorganisation
of lithospheric stress conditions far inboard of the proto-Pacific margin of Australia controlled reactivation of deep-lithospheric
fault structures. These fault systems provided a pathway for fluids and heat fuelled by mantle upwelling into the upper lithosphere
and caused the deposition of ~440 Ma gold deposits in the Lachlan Fold Belt, as well as a range of metallogenic, tectonic
and sedimentary changes elsewhere in central and eastern Australia. 相似文献