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981.
Rock displacement and thermal expansion study at historic heritage sites in Slovakia 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Jan Vlcko Vladimir Greif Vladimir Grof Michal Jezny Lubomir Petro Martin Brcek 《Environmental Geology》2009,58(8):1727-1740
The paper discusses the results of the research devoted to the preservation of cultural heritage carried out within last two
decades in Slovakia. The aim of the study depended on monitoring of selected castle rocks showing instability problems due
to extremely slow displacements of creep character. Apart from traditional methods of investigation at one test site (Spis
Castle), authors implemented in their work the study of thermal expansion of the rocks as a result of seasonal periodic temperature
changes having potential influence on displacements and numerical modeling in order to understand better the landslide failure
mechanism. The results obtained from all study sites confirmed that even slow movements have to be implemented into preservation
and stabilization works in order to safeguard the sites of great historic value. 相似文献
982.
Katherine C. Filippino Peter W. Bernhardt Margaret R. Mulholland 《Estuaries and Coasts》2009,32(3):410-424
To determine the effects of the Chesapeake Bay outflow plume on the coastal ocean, nutrient concentrations and climatology
were evaluated in conjunction with nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) uptake rates during a 3-year field study. Sixteen cruises included
all seasons and captured high- and low-flow freshwater input scenarios. Event-scale disturbances in freshwater flow and wind
speed and direction strongly influenced the location and type of plume present and thus the biological uptake of N and C.
As expected, volumetric primary productivity rates did not always correlate with chlorophyll a concentrations, suggesting that high freshwater flow does not translate into high productivity in the coastal zone; rather,
high productivity was observed during periods where recycling processes may have dominated. Results suggest that timing of
meteorological events, with respect to upwelling or downwelling favorable conditions, plays a crucial role in determining
the impact of the estuarine plume on the coastal ocean. 相似文献
983.
The Ereendavaa Range (north-eastern Mongolia): an additional argument for Mesozoic extension throughout eastern Asia 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Yannick Daoudene Denis Gapais Patrick Ledru Alain Cocherie Sébastien Hocquet Tatiana V. Donskaya 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2009,98(6):1381-1393
Mesozoic rift basins locally bounding metamorphic core complexes have been recognized in Transbaikalia and northern China.
Numerous basement outcrops located between these two regions, in eastern Mongolia, are considered as pre-Palaeozoic in age.
One of these, the Ereendavaa Range, appears as a gneissic core marked by amphibolite-facies metamorphic conditions. The range
is overlain to the NW by the unmetamorphosed Mesozoic Onon Basin. Below the basin, the upper part of the range consists of
a gently NW-dipping shear zone associated with top-to-the-NW motion. The structural pattern is consistent with syn-extensional
exhumation of the range. Preliminary geochronological data indicate that the shear zone is late Jurassic to early Cretaceous
in age, coeval with the Onon Basin. These new data from eastern Mongolia constitute a link between Transbaikalia and northern
China, indicating that NW–SE extensional Mesozoic tectonics occurred throughout the entire region. 相似文献
984.
A palygorskite unit was discovered in a road cut of undifferentiated Tertiary limestone between the villages of El Pariso
and San Roman (18°49.309N, 88°37.861W) in the southeastern Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico. This is the southern most locality of
a clay-rich sedimentary unit reported in the literature for the Tertiary carbonates of the Yucatán Peninsula. This occurrence
indicates a much wider range of palygorskite-rich clay deposition than previously recognized. The lithology is 99% clay and
1% sand to silt size diagenetic quartz grains. The clay consists of approximately 85% palygorskite, 15% montmorillonite and
trace amounts of titanium oxides. EDS analyses on palygorskite are largely consistent with sedimentary palygorskites from
other coastal marine settings, however palygorskite has a low total Fe content (average = 0.40 wt% expressed as Fe2O3) compared to many other sedimentary palygorskites. Montmorillonite chemical compositions are typical and compared to the
palygorskite have substantially higher Fe2O3 concentrations (average = 3.90 wt%). The low percentage of coarse grains in the lithology combined with a high proportion
of palygorskite and lack of detrimental trace minerals suggest the deposit is of industrial grade; however, it has limited
reserves (6,000 m3). The unit could be potentially used in a wide array of environmental applications which are needed in the region including
liners for landfills and constructed wetlands. The unit is in a geographic location which would serve the expanding economy
of the region. This resource has the potential to have great impact on the quality of the local environment and the economy
of a region under great environmental threat. 相似文献
985.
986.
Effect of Soil Parameters on Dynamic Cone Penetration Indices of Laterite Sub-grade Soils from India
Varghese George Ch. Nageshwar Rao R. Shivashankar 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2009,27(4):585-593
The focus of this study was on correlating the effect of grain-size, maximum dry-density (MDD), field moisture content, and
the void ratios on penetration measured using the dynamic cone penetrometer (DCP) for laterite soils blended with fines. Tests
were performed on soil samples compacted to MDD for moulding water contents set to the optimum moisture content (OMC), dry
of OMC, and wet of OMC un-soaked condition. The results indicated that an increase in the fines-content caused a decrease
in the MDD, and an increase in the OMC and the DCP penetration. Regressions were developed correlating various parameters. 相似文献
987.
Sandra Freiboth Holger Class Rainer Helmig Tobias Graf Wolfgang Ehlers Viktoria Schwarz Christos Vrettos 《Computational Geosciences》2009,13(3):281-300
Multiphase flow processes in unsaturated cohesive soils are often affected by deformation due to swelling and shrinking as
a result of varying water contents. This paper presents a model concept which is denoted ‘phenomenological’ in terms of the
processes responsible for soil deformation, since the effects of deformation on flow and transport are only considered by
constitutive relations that allow an adaptation of the hydraulic properties. This new model is validated in a detailed intercomparison
study with two state-of-the-art models that are capable of explicitly describing the processes relevant for the deformation.
A ‘numerical experiment’ with a state-of-the-art reference model is used to produce ‘measurement data’ for an inverse-modelling-based
estimation of the model input parameters for the phenomenological concept. 相似文献
988.
This paper presents the combination of two complementary methods, magnetic and joint inversion of resistivity/TEM data, as
an effective approach to characterize groundwater reservoirs. Twenty stations of transient electromagnetic (TEM) and vertical
electrical soundings (VES) were measured and interpreted using a joint inversion technique to evaluate the subsurface low
resistivity zones connected to the groundwater reservoir. A complementary survey including 871 land magnetic stations was
carried out at the same area to detect the upper surface of the basaltic sheet, which represents the bottom of the Miocene
aquifer in the study area. The geological log from one borehole drilled in the zone was used to partially calibrate the calculated
models. The results revealed that the study area consists of five different geological units with ages ranging from Paleogene
(Oligocene) to Quaternary. The methodology provides good results at a very low cost when compared with drilling boreholes. 相似文献
989.
Young Baek Son Wilford D. Gardner Alexey V. Mishonov Mary Jo Richardson 《Journal of Earth System Science》2009,118(1):1-10
Hydrographic data, including particulate organic carbon (POC) from the Northeastern Gulf of Mexico (NEGOM) study, were combined
with remotely-sensed SeaWiFS data to estimate POC concentration using principal component analysis (PCA). The spectral radiance
was extracted at each NEGOM station, digitized, and averaged. The mean value and spurious trends were removed from each spectrum.
De-trended data included six wavelengths at 58 stations. The correlation between the weighting factors of the first six eigenvectors
and POC concentration were applied using multiple linear regression. PCA algorithms based on the first three, four, and five
modes accounted for 90, 95, and 98% of total variance and yielded significant correlations with POC with R
2 = 0.89, 0.92, and 0.93. These full waveband approaches provided robust estimates of POC in various water types.
Three different analyses (root mean square error, mean ratio and standard deviation) showed similar error estimates, and suggest
that spectral variations in the modes defined by just the first four characteristic vectors are closely correlated with POC
concentration, resulting in only negligible loss of spectral information from additional modes. The use of POC algorithms
greatly increases the spatial and temporal resolution for interpreting POC cycling and can be extrapolated throughout and
perhaps beyond the area of shipboard sampling. 相似文献
990.
N. S. Krishnamurthy V. Ananda Rao Dewashish Kumar K. K. K. Singh Shakeel Ahmed 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2009,73(5):639-650
Exploration and exploitation of coal seams is one of the major resources for the energy sector in any country but at the same
time water filled voids/water logged areas in the old workings of these seams are very critical problems for the coal mining
industry. In such situations, disasters like inundation, landslides, collapsing of the old seams may occur. In this regard,
it is necessary to find out the water saturated/water filled voids and zones in the mining areas. Since no established technique
is available to find such zones, an experimental study using Electrical Resistivity Imaging (ERI) has been carried out in
one of the coal mining areas near Dhanbad, to find out the feasibility of finding the barrier thickness and the water logged
area in underground coal mines. The area under study forms part of Jharia coalfield in Dhanbad district, Jharkhand state.
The coal bearing rocks of Barakar Formation of Lower Permian age (Gondwana period) occur in the area under a thin cover (10
m to15 m) of soil and or alluvium. Coal bearing Barakar Formations consist mainly of sandstone of varying grain size, intercalation
of shale and sandstone, grey and carbonaceous-shale and coal seams.
Since the water saturation reduces the resistivity of a formation to a large extent, water filled voids and old coal workings
are expected to have significant resistivity contrast with the surrounding host rock. Hence, ERI technique was applied in
such an environment as this technique uses high-density data acquisition both laterally and vertically by using multiple number
of electrodes. Along with ERI, mise-à-la-masse (also called charged body) technique was also employed at one of the promising
sites to find out the connectivity of water logged areas and also detection of these old workings from the surface measurements
was analyzed. The interpreted 2D resistivity sections have clearly indicated the water bearing zone(s) along the profile which
was well confirmed with the existing water level in the nearby borewells. On the other hand, this technique did not identify
the size of the coal pillar and gallery (air filled voids), which might be due to the small size of the voids (i.e. about
2 m × 2 m) below a depth of 15m and more but have indicated altogether as a high resistive zone ranging from 600–1000 Ohm-m. 相似文献