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161.
Closed form solutions for transforming 3D Cartesian to geodetic coordinates reduce the problem to finding the real solutions
of the fourth degree latitude equation or variations of it. By using symbolic tools (Sturm–Habicht coefficients and subresultants
mainly) we study the methods (and polynomials) proposed by Vermeille and Borkowski to solve this problem. For Vermeille approach,
the region where it cannot be applied is completely characterized. For those points it is shown how to transform 3D Cartesian
to geodetic coordinates and a new method for solving Vermeille equation for those cases not yet covered is introduced. Concerning
Borkowski’s approach, the symbolic analysis produces a complete characterization of the singular cases (i.e. where multiple
roots appear). 相似文献
162.
Plastic pellets have been characterized as toxic pollutant carriers throughout the world oceans and coastal zones. However, their sorptive properties are not yet well understood. In the present study, virgin pellets and plastic eroded pellets (PEP) are used to elucidate their distribution characteristics through distribution kinetic studies. Distribution occurs through diffusion into the pellet for all materials (polyethylene, polyoxymethylene, and PEP) except polypropylene (PP). Although diffusion into the polymer happens with similar rates for both freshwater and saltwater external solutions, apparent diffusion is dependent on the solution salinity because it results in higher equilibrium distribution coefficients. Distribution coefficient into the PEP is higher and diffusion is slower than into the virgin materials. This is attributed to increased crystallinity of the PEP due to weathering. PP demonstrates diffusion rates that are increased by salinity and is apparently faster than into the other polymers suggesting a surface diffusion process. 相似文献
163.
Irene Ylla Isis Sanpera-Calbet Isabel Muñoz Anna M. Romaní Sergi Sabater 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》2011,73(4):523-535
Amino acid composition (quality) and abundance (quantity) of organic matter (OM) in an intermittent Mediterranean stream were
followed during transitions from wet to dry and dry to wet conditions. Amino acids were analyzed in benthic material (epilithic
biofilms, sand sediments, leaf material) as well as in the flowing water (dissolved organic matter, DOM). A principal component
analysis and the estimation of the amino acid degradation index (DI) elucidated differences in amino acid composition and
quality among the wet–drought–wet cycle. Amino acid content and composition were dependent on the source of OM as well as
on its diagenetic state. The highest-quality OM (high DI and high N content) occurred on epilithic biofilms and the most degraded
and lowest-quality OM occurred in sandy sediments. Differences between the pre- and post-drought periods were evident in DOM
quality; autochthonous-derived material was predominant during the pre-drought (wet period preceding drying), while allochthonous
inputs dominated during the post-drought period (wet period following drying). In contrast, benthic OM compartments were more
stable, but benthic OM quality decreased continuously throughout the drought period. This study revealed that wet–drought–wet
cycles resulted in subtle changes in benthic OM quality, and degradation of DOM was related to flow intermittency. 相似文献
164.
Tephrochronological study in the quaternary Val d’Agri intermontane basin (Southern Apennines,Italy)
Irene Zembo Pietro Vignola Sergio Andò Riccardo Bersezio Luigina Vezzoli 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2011,100(1):173-187
In the south-eastern depocentre of the Val d’Agri basin (Southern Apennines), a volcanic ash layer crops out interbedded within
poorly structured alluvial fan deposits of Late Pleistocene age. Textural, depositional and pedological features of this weathered
layer suggest a primary deposition from a pyroclastic fall-out of volcanic ash. Chemical analyses of feldspars show an alkali
trachytic composition and accessory minerals association allow to correlate this tephra layer with the regionally dispersed
Y-7 marine tephra layer (Tufo Verde Epomeo eruption, Ischia volcano), dated at 56 ± 4 ka. The Val d’Agri tephra here described
for the first time was deposited during MIS Stage 3. Its recovery and characterization permit to contribute to regional correlation
of the Mediterranean climatic and volcanic events from marine to continental successions and to describe landscape evolution
of the Southern Apennines during glacial–interglacial cycles. 相似文献
165.
166.
In this paper we examine the ways in which mobile phones are becoming integrated into the everyday life of older adults in the UK by drawing on research funded as part of the British New Dynamics of Ageing programme. Specifically we draw on a digital engagement survey and the life history narratives of older men and women resident in the East Midlands of England to illuminate the challenges of remaining digitally engaged in old age focusing specifically on mobile phone use, with particular reference to maintaining social connections with spatially dispersed family and friends. Growing numbers of older adults possess a mobile phone, but the degree to which mobile phone use has been integrated into everyday practices is variable. For episodic users a mobile phone is used to complement a landline, to keep in touch with family and friends when out of the house. For confident users the mobile phone is used in multiple ways, via a range of applications, it is an integral part of numerous aspects of everyday life. 相似文献
167.
A new non‐local damage model is presented. Non‐locality (of integral or gradient type) is incorporated into the model by means of non‐local displacements. This contrasts with existing damage models, where a non‐local strain or strain‐related state variable is used. The new model is very attractive from a computational viewpoint, especially regarding the computation of the consistent tangent matrix needed to achieve quadratic convergence in Newton iterations. At the same time, its physical response is very similar to that of the standard models, including its regularization capabilities. All these aspects are discussed in detail and illustrated by means of numerical examples. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
168.
The protection of critical infrastructure from natural and intentional events is a key component of any national security agenda. Protection schemes need to be readily identifiable and adaptable to complex changing environments. In this paper, we identify strategic geographic characteristics that impact the location of detection resources (e.g. sensors) towards the defense of regional critical infrastructure. Specifically, we seek to estimate the relationship between the results of a variation of the traditional shortest path network interdiction problem and geographical characteristics of the transportation infrastructure and the urban environment. Experiments conducted on three distinct transportation networks of different shapes and granularities (New York City—grid, Houston—radial, Boston—hybrid) underline the importance of geographic characteristics such as the proximity to resource location, attacker entry points as well as network coverage. Insights gained from this work are relevant to policy and decision makers to facilitate the development of analytical and decision-support tools capable of identifying resource allocation strategies. We discuss a heuristic-based framework that prioritizes the selection of detection resources, reflecting the importance of geographic characteristics. The findings underline the importance of geographical characteristics for the allocation of resources in a regional setting. 相似文献
169.
170.
Magmatism at continental passive margins inferred from Ambient‐Noise Phase‐velocity in the Gulf of Aden
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Félicie Korostelev Sylvie Leroy Derek Keir Cornelis Weemstra Lapo Boschi Irene Molinari Abdulhakim Ahmed Graham W. Stuart Frédérique Rolandone Khaled Khanbari Ali Al‐Lazki 《地学学报》2016,28(1):19-26
Non‐volcanic continental passive margins have traditionally been considered to be tectonically and magmatically inactive once continental breakup has occurred and seafloor spreading has commenced. We use ambient‐noise tomography to constrain Rayleigh‐wave phase‐velocity maps beneath the eastern Gulf of Aden (eastern Yemen and southern Oman). In the crust, we image low velocities beneath the Jiza‐Qamar (Yemen) and Ashawq‐Salalah (Oman) basins, likely caused by the presence of partial melt associated with magmatic plumbing systems beneath the rifted margin. Our results provide strong evidence that magma intrusion persists after breakup, modifying the composition and thermal structure of the continental margin. The coincidence between zones of crustal intrusion and steep gradients in lithospheric thinning, as well as with transform faults, suggests that magmatism post‐breakup may be driven by small‐scale convection and enhanced by edge‐driven flow at the juxtaposition of lithosphere of varying thickness and thermal age. 相似文献