Zonal Model of Starspots. Application to RS CVn Systems

Model results on starspots in 15 chromospherically active type RS CVn binary systems are presented. The dependences of the parameters of the spots on the principal characteristics of the stars (spectral class, luminosity class, rotation, Rossby number) are examined. Latitudinal drift of the spots, cycles in the spot activity, and differential rotation are found in 9 of the stars. __________ Translated from Astrofizika, Vol. 48, No. 4, pp. 535–552 (November 2005).     

Dynamics and relationships of Ca, Mg, Fe in litter, soil fauna and soil in Pinus koraiensis-broadleaf mixed forest

The Liangshui Natural Reserve in Heilongjiang Province of China was selected as the study area. The authors collected the samples of forest litter （Tilia amurensis, Fraxinus mandshurica, Pinus koraiensis, Acer mono, Betula costata, and mixed litter）, soil in humus horizon （0--5cm） and soil horizon （5-20cm）, and soil macrofauna （Oligochaeta, Geophiloporpha and Juliformia） from 2001 to 2002. The role of soil macrofauna in the material cycle was analyzed through comparing the macro-element contents among various parts of the subsystems and using enrichment index （El）. The results indicate that dynamic changes of various litters are very complicated. The contents of Fe in each kind of litter increase firstly, and then decrease in the study period. The changes of macro-element contents are greater in the broad-leaf litter than in the coniferous litter, and the mixed litter is in the middle level, but the differences among them are not significant. The contents of Mg and Fe in humus are higher than those in soil, but the contents of Ca in soil are higher than that in humus. The dynamic changes of macro-element contents in soil and soil fauna are not consistent with those in litter. The diplopod presented obvious enrichment of Ca and Mg （E1〉1）, but it does not significantly enrich Fe. Earthworm has a stronger enrichment ability of Fe than diplopod and scolopendra, but E1〈1. Soil fauna can make great influences on the material cycle of the subsystems.     

基于210Pb测年法的楚科奇海陆架北缘有机碳沉积通量研究

有机碳沉积作用在一定时间尺度上形成海洋碳汇作用的最终净效应,北冰洋陆架的有机碳沉积作用在全球碳循环中有着尤为重要的地位。为了测定楚科奇海陆架的有机碳沉积通量,本文应用210Pb测年法对中国第3次北极考察R17站位的沉积物样品的年龄及沉积速率进行了分析测定,并结合表层沉积物中有机碳的含量计算得到了楚科奇海陆架北缘的有机碳沉积通量。结果显示,该站位的沉积速率为0.6 mm/a,表观沉积质量通量为0.72 kg/m2/a,有机碳沉积通量为517 mmol C/m2/a。经估算,真光层输出的有机碳中约有29 %被长期封存在沉积物中,远高于中低纬度的正常值（~10 %）,说明楚科奇海陆架区具有高效的碳汇作用。     

特征约束六面体网格生成的改进栅格法

目前,针对地学对象的非结构化六面体网格生成问题仍未得到很好的解决。为满足相关地学研究对六面体网格的需求,促进地学模拟及传统GIS空间分析的进一步发展,本文对传统栅格法进行扩展,提出了一种面向地学研究的六面体网格生成的改进栅格法。通过提取实体模型表面的几何特征,考虑内部孔、洞约束生成骨干网格,在此基础上构建一套特征约束模板来处理复杂的特征约束,使之既能保持地学研究对象的几何形态特征,又能实现加密区域与非加密区域的平滑过渡,从而满足地学分析与模拟的需求。     

Model of local oscillations in sunspots

We have analyzed the properties of oscillations in a sunspot based on SDO observations with a duration of 6 h. The 3-min oscillation spectrum has turned out to consist of dozens of spectral lines. The line widths are at the spectral resolution limit. The oscillations in a sunspot have been broken down into individual areas with a size of a few arcseconds, each having its own oscillation spectrum. These oscillation properties cannot be explained in terms of the existing models based on the assumption that the sunspot oscillates as a whole. We propose a model of local oscillations that explains the complex spectrum of the oscillations and their locality. We show that in addition to the chromospheric resonator, there exists a subphotospheric resonator for slow MHD waves. The existence of this resonance layer allows the locality of the oscillations and their complex spectrum to be explained in terms of Parker’s model.     

2003～2015年中国城市劳动力技能互补、收入水平与人口城镇化

基于2003~2015年中国256个地级市面板数据,对城市中高低技能劳动力耦合协调度进行衡量,并就扩大低技能劳动力规模对城市收入水平的影响进行了分析。主要结论为：① 过去10 a间,中国市级层面的高低技能劳动力耦合协调度总体上升,但上升幅度存在显著的区域间差异;② 七大国土区域内部的高低技能劳动力耦合协调度差异不断扩大,表明城市间高低技能劳动力流动正在加速;③ SLM和SEM模型均表明,地市级层面的低技能劳动力比重、城市收入水平和城市规模三者正相关,说明城市经济规模越大,扩大其低技能劳动力比重,越有助于提升城市总体收入水平。     

北极海冰细菌产胞外酶及主要环境因子的初步研究

覆盖在北极海洋上的广阔海冰为其内部生存的微生物群落提供了一个独特的生境。研究表明 ,大量海冰细菌能够分泌产生胞外酶 ,其中产蛋白或脂质水解酶细菌的比例远高于产多糖水解酶的细菌。温度、盐度是直接影响海冰细菌生存与活力的 2个主要环境因子。 76%的产酪蛋白酶海冰细菌为低温菌 ,菌株只能在 <35°C条件下生长 ;而 98%的酪蛋白酶最适作用温度≥ 35°C ,其中 62 %的酶最适作用温度≥ 45°C。几乎所有的产酪蛋白酶海冰细菌都耐盐或嗜盐     

西北太平洋柔鱼冬春生群体栖息地的变化研究

柔鱼（Ommastrephes bartramii）是短生命周期鱼种,其适宜栖息地范围受海洋水温条件的显著影响。本文根据2006-2015年7-11月中国鱿钓技术组提供的西北太平洋柔鱼冬生群体的捕捞数据以及海表温度（SST）数据,利用捕捞努力量与SST的频率分布关系,估算柔鱼各月适宜温度范围（PFSST）,对1985-2015年柔鱼PFSST进行估算,同时分析柔鱼PFSST的年代际变化规律,并评估不同强度厄尔尼诺和拉尼娜事件对柔鱼栖息地的影响。研究表明,2006-2015年柔鱼各月适宜的SST具有明显变化,7-11月对应适宜的SST范围分别为16~19℃、17~21℃、15~19℃、14~16℃和12~13℃。单位捕捞努力量渔获量大小随PFSST变动而发生相应变化,两者具有显著正相关关系,这说明了柔鱼渔场范围内适宜温度面积增加,对应柔鱼资源丰度上升。1985-2015年柔鱼PFSST呈现显著的月间和年际变化,7-11月PFSST具有先增加后递减的变化规律,且7-9月PFSST年际波动相似,10和11月PFSST年际变化相似。同时,柔鱼PFSST与渔场内SST具有显著正相关关系。柔鱼渔场内PFSST受厄尔尼诺和拉尼娜事件调控,其面积随气候事件的强度发生变化,具体表现为:弱拉尼娜事件和正常气候条件下,柔鱼渔场范围内水温最高,适宜栖息面积显著增长;中等强度和高强度拉尼娜条件下,柔鱼渔场内平均水温较高,但适宜栖息面积较前两者显著减小;弱强度、中等强度和超高强度厄尔尼诺条件下,柔鱼渔场内水温均较低,但弱强度和超高强度厄尔尼诺条件下柔鱼适宜栖息面积均大于中等强度厄尔尼诺条件。     

Modulation by biogenic amines for the hemocyte count and prophenoloxidase exocytosis via receptors in Litopenaeus vannamei

Hemocyte counts and phenoloxidase(PO)activity were examined after hemolymph being incubated in dopamine(DA),noradrenaline(NE)and serotonin(5-HT).Results showed that all the three biogenic amines(BAs)had a significant impact on total hemocyte count(THC),differential hemocyte count(DHC),and intracelluar and extracelluar phenoloxidase(PO)activity.Among these Bas,DA had the strongest effect on the above parameters,whereas 5-HT had the least effect.Preincubation with D1 receptor antagonist SCH23390,D2 receptor antagonist Sulpiride and 1:1 admixture of the two could significantly inhibit the effect of DA on these parameters.SCH23390 showed a stronger inhibitory effect than Sulpiride,and the admixture exhibited the strongest effect.These results suggested that the change of hemocyte count and activation of prophenoloxidase(proPO)system in Litopenaeusvan-namei hemocyte can be regulated by BAs,and DA modulates the two parameters via its receptors.     

深水弯曲水道几何形态定量分析——以赤道几内亚Rio Muni盆地为例

深水水道作为深水沉积体系中重要的沉积单元之一,一直是深水沉积和地层研究的热点。基于西非几内亚湾Rio Muni盆地陆坡区的高分辨率三维地震资料,利用地震属性及参数定量分析法对第四系陆坡重力流水道的剖面和平面形态进行了研究,旨在探索深水水道内部结构的相互影响和外部因素对水道形态的控制,丰富深水沉积学理论。研究表明：坡度及距水道头部距离影响了深水水道的剖面和平面形态,随着坡度变缓,距水道头部距离越远,水道宽度越小;堤岸于中、下陆坡开始发育,水道堤岸脊的高程差及内、外弯曲带都不同程度地影响了堤岸的长度;水道的弯曲度控制着堤岸脊高程差的变化,同时作用于堤岸长度的变化;样本水道为高弯曲水道,且弯曲度受地形坡度控制。