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991.
Carlo Sguera Pedro Galeano Rosa E. Lillo 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2016,30(4):1115-1130
This paper proposes methods to detect outliers in functional data sets and the task of identifying atypical curves is carried out using the recently proposed kernelized functional spatial depth (KFSD). KFSD is a local depth that can be used to order the curves of a sample from the most to the least central, and since outliers are usually among the least central curves, we present a probabilistic result which allows to select a threshold value for KFSD such that curves with depth values lower than the threshold are detected as outliers. Based on this result, we propose three new outlier detection procedures. The results of a simulation study show that our proposals generally outperform a battery of competitors. We apply our procedures to a real data set consisting in daily curves of emission levels of nitrogen oxides (NO\(_{x}\)) since it is of interest to identify abnormal NO\(_{x}\) levels to take necessary environmental political actions. 相似文献
992.
S. Nielsen E. Spagnuolo M. Violay S. Smith G. Di Toro A. Bistacchi 《Journal of Seismology》2016,20(4):1187-1205
Recent estimates of fracture energy G ′ in earthquakes show a power-law dependence with slip u which can be summarized as G ′ ∝ u a where a is a positive real slightly larger than one. For cracks with sliding friction, fracture energy can be equated to G f : the post-failure integral of the dynamic weakening curve. If the dominant dissipative process in earthquakes is friction, G ′ and G f should be comparable and show a similar scaling with slip. We test this hypothesis by analyzing experiments performed on various cohesive and non-cohesive rock types, under wet and dry conditions, with imposed deformation typical of seismic slip (normal stress of tens of MPa, target slip velocity > 1 m/s and fast accelerations ≈ 6.5 m/s2). The resulting fracture energy G f is similar to the seismological estimates, with G f and G ′ being comparable over most of the slip range. However, G f appears to saturate after several meters of slip, while in most of the reported earthquake sequences, G ′ appears to increase further and surpasses G f at large magnitudes. We analyze several possible causes of such discrepancy, in particular, additional off-fault damage in large natural earthquakes. 相似文献
993.
994.
新疆库车坳陷克拉苏冲断带白垩系巴什基奇克组一、二段是一套由细砂岩、中粗砂岩、含砾砂岩、粉砂岩及泥岩组成的碎屑岩组合。通过30余口钻井(包括6口新取心井)的岩心、测井、录井、薄片及粒度等资料的分析, 结合区域地质资料, 确认克拉苏冲断带巴什基奇克组一、二段发育砂质辫状河三角洲沉积。其岩性以岩屑砂岩为主;粒度概率曲线具有牵引流特征;砂体中发育楔状交错层理及冲刷、充填构造等丰富的强水动力沉积构造及间断正韵律;砂体延伸远、面积大展布稳定, 砂地比值高;发育水下分流河道、分流间湾等微相。据三角洲砂体的岩性、沉积构造及沉积序列等特征, 建立了三角洲沉积模式。稳定的构造背景、开阔的盆地、丰富的物源供给使得研究区辫状河三角洲前缘沉积非常发育, 其以水下分流河道沉积为主体, 物性好, 砂体延伸远, 可向盆地中央方向推进35~60km, 砂体纵横叠置, 为岩性油气藏的形成提供了有利的储集空间。 相似文献
995.
常熟地震台伸缩仪运行分析 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
对常熟地震台2008—2011年SS-Y伸缩仪观测资料的连续率、噪声水平及M2波振幅因子的相对中误差等指标的质量评定表明:1)在无雷害情况下,伸缩仪连续率在99.6%以上;2)噪声水平及M2波振幅因子的相对中误差等指标均符合形变观测规范要求,较为稳定;3)SS-Y伸缩仪主要受气压及降雨干扰,降雨干扰最大。 相似文献
996.
997.
张力腿平台局部节点强度可靠度分析方法 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
局部节点可靠度分析对张力腿平台(TLP)整体安全性评估具有重要意义。提出了一个TLP平台局部节点可靠度的分析方法,首先对TLP平台整体进行分析,统计局部节点各种失效模式并得到典型失效模式及对应的典型荷载工况;然后应用改进的子模型技术对TLP平台局部节点进行极限承载能力分析,确定了局部节点在典型荷载工况下的极限承载力;对局部节点极限承载力及南海某区域的波浪荷载进行统计分析,得到其概率统计特性;在此基础上计算了TLP平台局部节点对应典型失效模式下的可靠度指标。通过算例分析表明,该TLP平台各节点可靠度指标值均大于3.1;立柱与浮箱连接节点在不同荷载工况下失效模式不同,而立柱与甲板连接节点易发生管交汇处剪切破坏。为TLP平台的安全性评估提供了一种有效的分析方法,具有一定的理论价值及实用价值。 相似文献
998.
The relationship between Vp and Vs may be used to predict Vs where only Vp is known. Vp/Vs is also used to identify pore fluids from seismic data and amplitude variation with offset analysis. Theoretical, physical, as well as statistical empirical Vp‐Vs relationships have been proposed for reservoir characterization when shear‐wave data are not available. In published work, the focus is primarily on the Vp‐Vs relationship of quartzitic sandstone. In order to broaden the picture we present Vp‐Vs relationships of greensand composed of quartz and glauconite by using data from the Paleocene greensand Nini oil field in the North Sea. A Vp‐Vs relationship derived from modelling is compared with empirical Vp‐Vs regressions from laboratory data as well as from log data. The accuracy of Vs prediction is quantified in terms of root‐mean‐square error. We find that the Vp‐Vs relationship derived from modelling works well for greensand shear‐wave velocity prediction. We model the seismic response of glauconitic greensand by using laboratory data from the Nini field. Our studies here reveal that brine‐saturated glauconitic greensand can have a similar seismic response to that from oil‐saturated quartzitic sandstone and that oil‐saturated strongly cemented greensand can have a similar amplitude variation with offset response to that from brine‐saturated weakly cemented greensand. 相似文献
999.
1000.
The results of experimental tests carried out on reinforced concrete (RC) full‐scale 2‐storey 2‐bays framed buildings are presented. The unretrofitted frame was designed for gravity loads only and without seismic details; such frame was assumed as a benchmark system in this study. A similar RC frame was retrofitted with buckling‐restrained braces (BRBs). The earthquake structural performance of both prototypes was investigated experimentally using displacement‐controlled pushover static and cyclic lateral loads. Modal response properties of the prototypes were also determined before and after the occurrence of structural damage. The results of the dynamic response analyses were utilized to assess the existing design rules for the estimation of the elastic and inelastic period of vibrations. Similarly, the values of equivalent damping were compared with code‐base relationships. It was found that the existing formulations need major revisions when they are used to predict the structural response of as‐built RC framed buildings. The equivalent damping ratio ξeq was augmented by more than 50% when the BRBs was employed as bracing system. For the retrofitted frame, the overstrength Ω and the ductility µ are 1.6 and 4.1, respectively; the estimated R‐factor is 6.5. The use of BRBs is thus a viable means to enhance efficiently the lateral stiffness and strength, the energy absorption and dissipation capacity of the existing RC substandard frame buildings. The foundation systems and the existing members of the superstructure are generally not overstressed as the seismic demand imposed on them can be controlled by the axial stiffness and the yielding force of the BRBs. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献