澳大利亚纳沃日金矿流体混合与金的成矿作用

流体包裹体研究表明，纳沃日金矿成矿脉体中流体包裹体类型有三种，富CH4、CH4－CO2－H2O和富H2O包裹体。初始成矿流体是富CH4热液，在主矿化阶段，另一来源的CO2－H2O流体与CH4流体发生了不均匀混合，并且在石英－磁黄铁矿阶段最为强烈，造成不同矿化部位的xCH4变化极大，早期近于纯CH4流体被充分“稀释”后，石英－黄铁矿阶段的xCH4显著减小，到成矿晚期只剩CO2－H2O流体。正是由于不同性质流体的混合，造成热液的pH及fo2的升高，流体中的金－硫络合物分解，金沉淀成矿。     

Calculation of Intercepted Volume of Sewer Overflows： a Model for Control of Nonpoint Pollution Sources in Urban Areas

The authors discovered large differences in the characteristics of overflows by the calculation of 1） intercepting volume of overflows for sewer systems using SWMM model which takes into consideration the runoff and pollutants from rainfalls and 2） the intercepted volume in the total flow at an investigation site. The intercepting rate at the investigation point of CSOs showed higher values than the SSDs. Based on the modeling of the receiving water quality after calculating the intercepting amount of overflows by considering the characteristics of outflows for a proper management of the overflow of sewer systems with rainfalls, it is clear that the BOD decreased by 82.9%-94.0% for the discharge after intercepting a specific amount of flows compared to the discharge from unprocessed overflows.     

气候变化模拟和长期天气预报的问题

1.引言就气候变化或气候振动发生的时间特征尺度来说,包括几千年、几百年或几十年的时间尺度。研究气候变化就是了解某一种时间尺度的气候变化。因此,我们分别考虑以下几种气候:纪元气候(epoch-long climate)、世纪气候和“局地瞬时”气候。每种气候都有它自身的时间和空间的平均气象特征、统计波动和相关。对纪元气候而言,世纪气候就是它统计上的波动;对世纪气候而言,则相应的波动就是“局地瞬时”变化;对局地瞬时气候就是年和季的天气变化。为了确定气候的变化,首先要找出“局地瞬时”气候的变化,这对全球各大区域和一代人生命这样长期间内的气候预报是十分重要的。应注意的是:     

RETRIEVAL OF HORIZONTAL WIND PERTURBATION FIELDS FROM SIMULATED SINGLE DOPPLER RADAR OBSERVATIONS

The application of the single Doppler radar dataset analysis is usually confined to the assumption that the actualwind is linearly distributed or uniform locally.Following some dynamic features of convective weather,a conceptualmodel of moderate complexity is constructed,wherewith a horizontal wind perturbation field is retrieved directly fromthe single Doppler radar measurements.The numerical experiments are based on a 3-D cloud model-generatedconvective cell,whose radial velocity component is taken as the radar observations that are put into the closed equationsbased on the conceptual model to retrieve the horizontal wind perturbation field.After the initial field is properlytreated,the retrieval equation is solved in terms of the 2-D FFT technique and the sensitivity to noise is examined.Finally,contrast analysis is done of the retrieved and the cloud model output wind fields,indicating the usefulness of theapproach proposed in this paper.     

Asia-Pacific mussel watch: monitoring contamination of persistent organochlorine compounds in coastal waters of Asian countries

Contamination of persistent organochlorines (OCs) such as PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls), DDT and its metabolites (DDTs), HCH (hexachlorocyclohexane) isomers (HCHs), chlordane compounds (CHLs), and HCB (hexachlorobenzene) were examined in mussels collected from coastal waters of Asian countries such as Cambodia, China, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Philippines, Far East Russia, Singapore, and Vietnam in 1994, 1997, 1998, 1999, and 2001 to elucidate the contamination status, distribution and possible pollution sources and to assess the risks on aquatic organisms and human. OCs were detected in all mussels collected from all the sampling sites investigated. Considerable residue levels of p,p(')-DDT and alpha-HCH were found in mussels and the concentrations of DDTs and HCHs found in mussels from Asian developing countries were higher than those in developed nations suggesting present usage of DDTs and HCHs along the coastal waters of Asian developing countries. On the other hand, lower concentrations of PCBs detected in mussels from Asian developing countries than those in developed countries indicate that PCBs contamination in mussels is strongly related to industrial and activities. To our knowledge, this is a first comprehensive report on monitoring OCs pollution in the Asia-Pacific region.     

Effects of long-term dumping of harbor-dredged material on macrozoobenthos at four disposal sites along the Emilia-Romagna coast (Northern Adriatic Sea, Italy)

Sediment from harbors of the Emilia-Romagna (Northern Adriatic Sea) were dredged and dumped in four disposal areas characterized by muddy bottoms. The long-term effects of the dumping on macrozoobenthic communities were investigated before and after 6 month, 8 month, 2 years and 4 years. The disposal of dredged material did not influence the granulometry and %TOC in the sediment, and no alterations in the structure of the macrobenthic communities were observed in the four areas. The lack of impact could be ascribed to the environmental characteristics and precautionary measures taken to minimize the effects of the dumping. It appears that: (1) the communities of the dumping areas are well adapted to unstable environments; (2) the sediments were disposed gradually and homogeneously over relatively large areas; Other factors that help to reduce the impact of sediment disposal are the low concentrations of contaminants in dredged materials and the similarity of sediment in the dredged and disposal areas. Off-shore discharge appears a sustainable strategy for the management of uncontaminated dredged sediments from the Northern Adriatic Sea harbors.     

Using historical data, expert judgement and multivariate analysis in assessing reference conditions and benthic ecological status, according to the European Water Framework Directive

The European Water Framework Directive (WFD) establishes a framework for the protection and improvement of estuarine and coastal waters, trying to achieve 'good surface water status at the latest 15 years after the date of entry into force of this Directive'. One of the biological elements that should be analysed is the benthos and, as such, the WFD normative definitions describe the aspects of the benthic communities that must be included in the ecological status assessment of a water body. Therefore, it is essential to include, in the assessment, the different metrics that address those parameters identified in the normative definitions for each of the ecological status classes. In this contribution the use of the AMBI, richness and diversity, combined with the use, in a further development, of factor analysis together with discriminant analysis, is presented as an objective tool (named here M-AMBI) in assessing ecological quality status. This assessment requires previous classification of water bodies and typologies, together with the definition of reference conditions; this is undertaken in this contribution using historical data, expert judgement and multivariate analysis. The study has been undertaken by examining changes in benthic communities in the Basque Country, over the last decade, as a case-study, to demonstrate the accuracy and potential of these methodologies.     

Determination of polychlorobiphenyl congeners (PCBs) in the surface water of the Venice lagoon

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the degree of PCB contamination of Venice lagoon water. The PCB determination was made on the filtrate ("dissolved PCBs") and on the particulate collected on the filters ("particulate PCBs") by continuous liquid-liquid extraction and sonication, respectively, and by HRGC-LRMS analysis. An estimation of the procedural and "working" blanks was also made. Water samples were collected at six sites, selected to represent all the pollution situations present in the lagoon, and at a site in the Adriatic Sea. The range of the total sum ("dissolved plus particulate") of 49 congener concentrations falls between 355 and 1868 pgl(-1); the "dissolved" fraction concentrations (250-792 pgl(-1)) are greater at six sites than that of the "particulate" fraction (105-1273 pgl(-1)). Chemometric analyses suggest that the PCB congener pattern in the Venice Lagoon is different from that in the Adriatic Sea.     

粤中长坑金银矿成矿流体N_2-Ar-He示踪体系及来源

长坑金银矿是新近发现的新型大型贵金属矿床 .较系统的N2 Ar He示踪体系、He和δD δ18O同位素组成研究表明 ,该矿床成矿流体主要来源于建造水 (或称沉积热卤水 ) ,而不是前人所普遍认为的大气降水 .成矿流体中幔源岩浆水的比例也很低 ,一般不超过 1 0 % .根据成矿流体来源 ,长坑金银矿应属沉积热卤水改造型矿床 .在晚侏罗世到早白垩世 ,粤中三洲盆地由于巨厚沉积物的积聚 ,其中建造水受到挤压加温 ,顺层侧向迁移 ,并最终沿盆地边缘缓倾斜的层间断裂向上运移 ,由于温、压下降等原因导致矿质在断裂中沉淀 .     

A Giant Gold System, Geita Greenstone Belt, Tanzania

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