Porphyry Deposits of the South Urals: Rhenium Distribution

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太平洋海山富钴结壳钙质超微化石生物地层学及生长过程

正确判断富钴结壳生长年代及过程有助于研究结壳形成地质历史和重建古海洋环境.利用生物地层学方法(生物遗留印痕)对太平洋不同海山结壳样品进行生长时代和阶段研究,发现麦哲伦海山CM3D06结壳和中太平洋海山CB14结壳最初形成年代和富集特征差异显著: 前者为白垩纪(或更古老)、晚古新世-早始新世、中-晚始新世、中-晚中新世、上新世-更新世等5个阶段;后者为晚古新世-早始新世、中-晚始新世、中中新世、上新世-更新世等4个阶段.两座海山结壳层内部超微化石组合具有极强的区域性特征,反映了大洋环境对生物的影响以及生物对环境的适应.结壳层间的不整合和结构构造的变化指示在渐新世其生长存在间断期,与成矿作用的间断有关.      

铀的微生物Desulfovibrio desulfuricans DSM 642成矿作用:模拟实验及其意义

在我国首次报道用硫酸盐还原菌 Desulf ovibriodesulfuricans DSM 6 4 2 ,模拟我国层间氧化带砂岩型铀矿形成的主要物理化学条件 (35℃ ,p H=7.0～ 7.4 ) ,实验还原U( )和合成沥青铀矿。结果表明 ,实验经一周后 ,微生物成因沥青铀矿即生成于该菌胞表面。由此推断 ,在侏罗系砂岩中广泛繁衍的这种硫酸盐还原菌 ,可能参与了该类铀矿床的成矿作用。同时发现 ,由该实验菌实验还原生成的沥青铀矿 ,与在天然地质条件下生成的该铀矿物 ,其晶体结构的有序—无序性质存在重大差异 :在天然条件下藉长期和缓慢地沉淀、生长形成的沥青铀矿 ,其中纳米级…     

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987111000594

A new model is suggested for the history of the Baikal Rift,in deviation from the classic two-stage evolution scenario,based on a synthesis of the available data from the Baikal Basin and revised correlation between tectonic-lithological-stratigraphic complexes(TLSC) in sedimentary sections around Lake Baikal and seismic stratigraphic sequences(SSS) in the lake sediments.Unlike the previous models,the revised model places the onset of rifting during Late Cretaceous and comprises three major stages which are subdivided into several substages.The stages and the substages are separated by events of tectonic activity and stress reversal when additional compression produced folds and shear structures.The events that mark the stage boundaries show up as gaps,unconformities,and deformation features in the deposition patterns. The earliest Late Cretaceous-Oligocene stage began long before the India-Eurasia collision in a setting of diffuse extension that acted over a large territory of Asia.The NW-SE far-field pure extension produced an NE-striking half-graben oriented along an old zone of weakness at the edge of the Siberian craton.That was already the onset of rift evolution recorded in weathered lacustrine deposits on the Baikal shore and in a wedge-shaped acoustically transparent seismic unit in the lake sediments.The second stage spanning Late Oligocene-Early Pliocene time began with a stress change when the effect from the Eocene India-Eurasia collision had reached the region and became a major control of its geodynamics.The EW and NE transpression and shear from the collisional front transformed the Late Cretaceous half-graben into a U-shaped one which accumulated a deformed layered sequence of sediments.Rifting at the latest stage was driven by extension from a local source associated with hot mantle material rising to the base of the rifted crust.The asthenospheric upwarp first induced the growth of the Baikal dome and the related change from finer to coarser molasse deposition.With time,the upwarp became a more powerful stress source than the collision,and the stress vector returned to the previous NW-SE extension that changed the rift geometry back to a half-graben. The layered Late Pliocene-Quaternary subaerial tectonic-lithological-stratigraphic and the Quaternary submarine seismic stratigraphic units filling the latest half-graben remained almost undeformed.The rifting mechanisms were thus passive during two earlier stages and active during the third stage. The three-stage model of the rift history does not rule out the previous division into two major stages but rather extends its limits back into time as far as the Maastrichtian.Our model is consistent with geological, stratigraphic,structural,and geophysical data and provides further insights into the understanding of rifting in the Baikal region in particular and continental rifting in general.     

沿阿穆尔板块西边界的活动断层(蒙古领土)

阿穆尔板块西部边界在蒙古境内的空间位置尚不清楚,并且活动断层构造及其沿线地壳的应力状态研究较少。本文在沿此边界的三个区域——杭爱—肯特构造鞍部、布尔古特地块(鄂尔浑—土拉交汇处)和色楞格地块(包括色楞格凹陷和布伦—努鲁隆起),利用空间图像解译、地形起伏度分析、地质构造资料以及构造压裂和沿裂缝位移资料重建构造古应力,对活动断层进行研究。研究表明,活动断裂继承了古生代和中生代古构造的非均质性。这些断层沿着板块边界并不是单一的带,而是成簇的。它们的运动取决于走向:亚纬向断层是具有一定逆分量的左旋走滑断层,北西向断层是逆断层或逆冲断层,通常具有右旋走滑分量,海底断层是右旋走滑断层,北东向断层是正断层。位于色楞格凹陷和杭爱东部的断裂构造的活动始于上新世。逆断层和走滑断层与上新世情况不符,但多与更新世地貌相符,表明其活动年代较晚,为更新世时期。利用构造断裂和沿断裂的位移,重建活动断裂带变形末阶段的应力应变状态,结果表明断裂在最大挤压轴的北北东和北东方向上以压缩和走滑为主。只有在色楞格凹陷内,以扩张和走滑类型的应力张量为主,且在最小挤压轴的北西走向尤为显著。在南部,杭爱东部(鄂尔浑地堑)内有1个以扩张机制为主的局部区域,说明蒙古中部断裂在更新世—全新世阶段的活动以及现代地震活动主要受与印度斯坦和欧亚大陆汇聚过程相关的东北方向的附加水平挤压的控制。使研究区地壳产生走滑变形、贝加尔湖裂谷发散活动以及阿穆尔板块东南运动的另一个因素是东南方向软流圈流动对岩石圈底部的影响。阿穆尔板块和蒙古地块之间的边界在构造结构上是零碎的,代表了覆盖整个蒙古西部变形带的边缘部分。     

论寒武纪三叶虫节头虫属：概念和异名

节头虫属(Genus Arthricocephalus)的概念一直较为混乱,在为它的模式种乔氏节头虫(Arthricocephalus chauveaui)指定"选模"后,又进一步加剧。经对A.chauveaui的原始手标本上保存的所有三叶虫研究后,发现命名者Bergeron所附A.chauveaui的唯一图片,依据的是其中一枚背壳,特征吻合,从而认定该背壳是A.chauveaui的正模,代表了模式种和节头虫属的概念,是该种和该属名称的载体。也表明为A.chauveaui建立"选模",既无必要,也违背命名者的本意。而且选择一个不归属于A.chauveaui的标本来代表该种、该属的概念,就更不妥当。经研究,手标本上的三叶虫不是同一个种,而是隶属于三个不同种,这三个种又应归属于三个不同的属,即Arthricocephalus,Oryctocarella和Duyunaspis。A.chauveaui"选模"头盖并不属于该种,应归属于Oryctocarella duyunensis。研究还表明,有三个分类单元是Arthricocephalus的晚出异名,即Arthricocephalus(Arthricocephalites)Chien et Lin in Lu et al.,1974,Haliplanktes Blaker et Peel,1997,和Arthricocephalites Chien et Lin sensu Yuan et al.,2002。     

透岩浆流体作用与矿田构造

从透岩浆流体成矿理论的角度对矿田构造进行了重新认识,提出矿田构造系统是一种复杂性动力系统的观点。根据这个模型,矿田构造是近场应力场与远场应力场强烈相互作用的产物。近场应力场由岩浆成矿系统而不是远场应力场派生,因而不能由矿田构造反演区域构造,但可以从区域构造限定矿田构造。矿田构造常有岩脉和热液脉充填,因而是可识别的。利用构造统计学方法,可以根据岩脉和/或热液脉的分布密度图(或等值线图)预测找矿靶区。     

Distribution of heavy metals in soils of Port Harcourt and its environs,Niger Delta,Nigeria

Geochemical evaluation of the distribution of heavy metals in soils of Port Harcourt and its environs in the Niger Delta region is presented in respect of anthropogenic factor and index of geoaccumulation. Sixteen (16) soil samples were collected from two horizons (0-10 cm and 100 cm) from the various grids and analyzed. The geo-chemical analyses showed the vertical and horizontal distributions of heavy metals. The results showed the ranges of the metals determined as follows: Pb (6.86-2.49)×10-6, with an average of 4.63×10-6; Cd (0.05-0.00)×10-6, with an average of 0.02×10-6, As (0.01-0.00)×10-6, with an average of 0.00×10-6. Cu (15.36-10.80) ×10-6, with an average of 13.36×10-6, and V (1.36-0.20)×10-6, with an average of 0.94×10-6. Quantification of the degree of pollution was carried out using anthropogenic factor (AF) and index of geoaccumulation (Igeo). The Igeo values of 0.06, 0.02 and 0.00 for Pb, Cd and As, respectively indicate low-level contamination while Zn (1.14) and V (1.40) show me-dium-level contamination. The sources of contamination are attributed to urbanized anthropogenic activities. The majority of the samples analyzed show that the AF values are less than 1 with the exception of vanadium (V) whose AF values range from 2.73 to 13.60×10-6. Vanadium is more enriched than As, Cd, Pb, and Cu. The order of degrees of anthropogenic contamination and index of geoaccumulation in the soil is V >Zn >Pb >Cu >Cd >AS. Metals were retained near the top soil and their concentrations in the deepest horizons were lower and normal for uncontaminated soils. Metal concentrations in the top soil horizons were significantly related to distance from the industrial and hu-man activities.