印度尼西亚北苏拉威西红树林生态系统碳库研究

近年来的研究指出红树林在海岸带碳固定和碳储存方面发挥着重要的作用。尽管印度尼西亚的红树林面积在全球占很大的比重,对于该地区红树林的有机碳储量和土壤有机碳来源的认识仍有限。本研究调查了印度尼西亚北苏拉威西海洋型的Wori红树林中生态系统有机碳储量及其空间分布特征,以及土壤有机碳的来源,以期加深该地区红树林“蓝碳”功能的认识。研究结果显示,Wori红树林0-50cm深度土壤中有机碳储量为15.4 kg/m²,占生态系统碳储量的主要部分（65%）。红树植物生物量和生态系统碳储量分别为8.3 kg/m²和23.7 kg/m²。土壤有机碳储量在不同离岸距离的采样站位中未表现出显著的空间分布差异,而生物量碳储量则在外滩最高。¹³C稳定同位素分析结果表明红树林土壤中蓄积的有机碳主要来源于红树林有机质,而潮水中的悬浮有机质和红树林外缘的海草并不构成红树林土壤有机碳的重要来源,它们的贡献者都低于20%。研究结果进一步证实了热带地区海洋型红树林湿地在碳储存以及红树植物对碳固定方面的重要性。     

The effects of electrochemical oxidation on in-vivo fluorescence and toxin content in Microcystis aeruginosa culture

The increasing occurrence of cyanobacterial blooms in water bodies is a serious threat to the environment. Efficient in-lake treatment methods for the control of cyanobacteria proliferation are needed, their in-vivo detection to obtain a real-time response to their presence, as well as the information about their physiological state after the applied treatment. In-vivo fluorescence measurements of photosynthetic pigments have proved to be effective for quantitative and qualitative detection of phytoplankton in a water environment. In the experiment, chlorophyll and phycocyanin fluorescence sensors were used concurrently to detect stress caused by electrochemical oxidation applying an electrolytic cell equipped with borondoped diamond electrodes on a laboratory culture of cyanobacteria Microcystis aeruginosa PCC 7806. The inflicted injuries were reflected in a clear transient increase in the phycocyanin fluorescence signal(for 104 %? 43%) 24 h after the treatment, which was not the case for the chlorophyll fluorescence signal. In the next 72 h of observation, the fluorescence signals decreased(on 40% of the starting signal) indicating a reduction of cell number, which was confirmed by cell count(24% reduction of the starting concentration) and analysis of extracted chlorophyll and phycocyanin pigment. These results demonstrate the viability of the combined application of two sensors as a useful tool for in-vivo detection of induced stress, providing real-time information needed for the evaluation of the efficiency of the in-lake treatment and decision upon the necessity of its repetition. The electrochemical treatment also resulted in a lower free microcystins concentration compared to control.     

斜带石斑鱼胰蛋白酶原和淀粉酶全长cDNA的克隆与序列分析

采用RT-PCR及RACE法从斜带石斑鱼Epinephelus coioides肝胰脏克隆得到胰蛋白酶原(trypsinogen,TRY)与淀粉酶(amylase,AMY)基因cDNA全序列.斜带石斑鱼肝胰脏TRY基因cDNA全长911 bp,其中5非翻译区(5'-UTR)为55bp,3'-UTR为127bp,开放阅读框(ORF)为729bp,编码242个氨基酸,包含所有丝氨酸蛋白酶中共有的高度保守的催化活性中心.序列一致性分析发现,斜带石斑鱼与牙鲆Paralichthys olivaceus、金头鲷Sparus aurata、鳎Solea senegalensis、石鲽Pleuronectes bicoloratus的TRY序列相似性高达86.8%-89.70%,与人Homo sapiens小鼠Mus musculus、斑马鱼Danio rerio的TRY相似性较低为59.9%-64.5%.斜带石斑鱼AMY基因cDNA全长1657bp,其中5'-UTR为41bp,3'-UTR为77 bp,ORF为1539bp,编码512个氨基酸,包含与哺乳动物α-AMY二级结构相似的8个α旋和8个β折叠.序列一致性分析发现,斜带石斑鱼与澳洲肺鱼Neoceratodus forsteri、美洲拟鲽Limanda americanus、大西洋鲑Salmo salar、斑马鱼AMY基因序列相似性高达82.4%-91.8%,与人、小鼠、鸡G.Gallus的AMY基因相似性较低为70.1%-72.3%.斜带石斑鱼TRY和AMY基因cDNA全序列的成功克隆为进一步研究其表达调控机理及研发有效提高其表达水平的饲料添加剂奠定基础.     

Provenance of Precambrian Fe- and Al-rich Metapelites in the Yenisey Ridge and Kuznetsk Alatau, Siberia： Geochemical Signatures

Major, trace and rare earth element contents of Fe- and Al-rich metapelites from the Korda （Yenisey Ridge） and Amar （Kuznetsk Alatau） formations were determined to examine the nature, origin and evolution of their protoliths. Results indicate that these rocks are the redeposited and metamorphosed products of Precambrian kaolinitic weathering crusts, while the geochemical distinctions between the studied metapelites are determined by different weathering conditions in the source area and tectonic settings. The protolith of the Korda Formation metapelites was produced by erosion products of the post-Archean granitoid rocks, which accumulated under humid climate conditions in shallow-water basins along the continental margin. The geochemical characteristics of the deeper primary deposits of the Amar Formation suggest that volcanogenic material of mafic composition derived from an island-arc environment had a major role in supplying the erosion zone. These results agree with lithofacies data and with the geodynamic reconstruction of the evolution of the Yenisey Ridge and Kuznetsk Alatau during the Mesoproterozoic and Neoproterozoic, respectively. It was shown that REEs had limited mobility during contact metamorphism. The coherent mobility of REEs during collisional metamorphism may be attributed both to mineral reactions responsible for modal changes and to local chemical heterogeneity inherited from the initial protolith.     

New observations and transit solutions of the inflated exoplanets HAT-P-40b and HAT-P-51b

We present high-precision photometric observations of the transiting exoplanets HAT-P-40 b and HAT-P-51 b by the Rozhen 2-m telescope.The newly-observed transit of HAT-P-40 b is the first one with a complete curve.The orbital periods of the two targets were improved.We modeled the observed transits and found bigger stellar radii than those derived from the stellar models.The planet radii of HATP-40 b and HAT-P-51 b obtained from our transit solutions are bigger than the values calculated by the empirical relations for Jupiter-mass and Saturn-mass planets respectively.Their values reveal the highlyinflated nature of the two targets,especially that of HAT-P-51 b.We established that the best transit solutions correspond to a quadratic limb-darkening law.The fitted limb-darkening coefficients of HAT-P-40 are close to the theoretical ones while those of HAT-P-51 are a little different.The precise astrometric Gaia distances of the two targets are smaller by 6%–7%than the calculated values from the stellar models.We propose the Gaia distances to be used for improvement of the stellar models as well as for more reliable calculation of the parameters of the known exoplanets.     

应用二次离子质谱定量分析矿物中的稀土元素

利用下列技术对独居石和辉石样品中稀土元素(REE)进行了定量分析:(a)样品分离二次离子质谱法(SISIMS);(b)仪器中子活化分析(INAA):(c)电子探针显微分析(EPMA,仅独居石样品,(d)常规的能量渗滤法(CEFSIMS)的SIMS(仅独居石样品)。矿物晶粒中REE的含量范围从独居石的高含量(wt％)到辉石的ppm级。用CEF和SI两技术的SIMS分析同其它分析的结果非常一致,这表明可以把SIMS应用于矿物中的REE分析。辉石晶粒的分析表明:使用样品分离的SIMS,其检测限在ppm到近于ppm范围。     

加拿大安大略赫姆洛帕格-威廉斯金矿的地层、断裂和金矿的关系

导论金矿出现在加拿大地盾的许多绿岩带中,具有多种地质环境并可被划分成许多矿床类型,包括最近在赫姆洛发现的类型。研究者对金矿的生成是受地层和构造控制已开展争论。赫姆洛的威廉斯矿区的帕格-威廉斯金矿包括A、B、C三带。三个地貌上各异的金矿,均赋存在独特的断层控制的地层层序中,其规模、岩石、构造、丰度、含金的     

科拉超深孔下部层位独特的矿物组合

科拉超深钻在科拉群的角闪岩中打到了铁矿层和磁铁矿-钛铁矿矿石,与变质的超镁铁质岩伴生的铜-镍硫化物矿化,以及退化变质带中的低温热液铜-铅硫化物矿化,在9.5—11公里处还见到了自然金。在9.5—11公里深处,有约430米长的岩心金的含量比较高,个别超过1ppm,最高达6.7ppm,岩心的矿物学研究表明,自然金中含有大约25%的银,自然金在黑云母、普通角闪石和斜长石中呈小于10μm 的不规则的碎片和细粒,虽然金矿化在空间上与叠加在黑云母-角闪石片麻岩上的退化变质带相一致,但是,浸染状的金与变质母岩的绿泥石化、绢云母化和绿帘石化没有直接的联系。