论寒武纪三叶虫节头虫属：概念和异名

节头虫属(Genus Arthricocephalus)的概念一直较为混乱,在为它的模式种乔氏节头虫(Arthricocephalus chauveaui)指定"选模"后,又进一步加剧。经对A.chauveaui的原始手标本上保存的所有三叶虫研究后,发现命名者Bergeron所附A.chauveaui的唯一图片,依据的是其中一枚背壳,特征吻合,从而认定该背壳是A.chauveaui的正模,代表了模式种和节头虫属的概念,是该种和该属名称的载体。也表明为A.chauveaui建立"选模",既无必要,也违背命名者的本意。而且选择一个不归属于A.chauveaui的标本来代表该种、该属的概念,就更不妥当。经研究,手标本上的三叶虫不是同一个种,而是隶属于三个不同种,这三个种又应归属于三个不同的属,即Arthricocephalus,Oryctocarella和Duyunaspis。A.chauveaui"选模"头盖并不属于该种,应归属于Oryctocarella duyunensis。研究还表明,有三个分类单元是Arthricocephalus的晚出异名,即Arthricocephalus(Arthricocephalites)Chien et Lin in Lu et al.,1974,Haliplanktes Blaker et Peel,1997,和Arthricocephalites Chien et Lin sensu Yuan et al.,2002。     

透岩浆流体作用与矿田构造

从透岩浆流体成矿理论的角度对矿田构造进行了重新认识,提出矿田构造系统是一种复杂性动力系统的观点。根据这个模型,矿田构造是近场应力场与远场应力场强烈相互作用的产物。近场应力场由岩浆成矿系统而不是远场应力场派生,因而不能由矿田构造反演区域构造,但可以从区域构造限定矿田构造。矿田构造常有岩脉和热液脉充填,因而是可识别的。利用构造统计学方法,可以根据岩脉和/或热液脉的分布密度图(或等值线图)预测找矿靶区。     

最贫困国家的人口问题

低收入国家世界银行在其1984年《世界发展报告》中,根据按人口平均的国民总产值,把拥有百万以上居民的98个发展中国家进一步划分为34个低收入国家,38个中下收入国家,22个中上收入国家和4个高收入的石油输出国。34个低收入国家1982年按人口平均的国民总产值低于410美元(图1)。     

苏联多区域经济模型与区域发展预测

引言应用经济模型研究苏联区域发展是非常有效的。计划经济中经济活动的调节、分配制度的显著作用以及产生、区域与国民经济宏观指标的密切关系都有利于这一方法的应用。本文介绍了1981—1983年建立的苏联多区域经济模型 SRM。模型的目标是描述苏联15个共和国的经济增长并预测它们在八十年代的发展。每个共和国分成工业、农林业、运输通信业、建筑业、商业等5个生产部门和服务业1个非生产部门。     

科学园作为区域政策工具的评价(续)

五、科学园成功到什么程度了? 第三部分和第四部分我们根据科学园发展的阶段讨论了其成功的标准,并详细列明了科学园预期的结果。现在,我们试图在以上两部分的基础上分析迄今所获得的科学园的记录资料。本文将采用权代方法(proxy measure)来估计科学园的成功和经济发展结果。所依据的资料包括:从科学园印刷文件中搜集的描写各园状况的资料、从寄到科学园领导者的调查问卷中得来的资料、关于每个园的区位以及它所在地区的经济行为的资料、从上述调查问卷答案中所观察到的各科学园对所在地区的影响。现将美国全部科学园的名录及区位列在附表和附图中(略)。     

计划与制定勘探程序

为寻找有实际意义的矿床,编写地质勘探计划,和确定勘探程序,就找矿小组而言,要求完成一些必要的基本活动.无论找矿小组是隶属于私人公司还是国家机构,也无论所找的是什么矿种或是在什么地区勘探,均须如此. 简单地说,要完成的工作包括: (1)规定勘探计划的目标.要找什么矿?     

Sediments, nutrients and pesticide residues in event flow conditions in streams of the Mackay Whitsunday Region, Australia

The Mackay Whitsunday region covers 9000 km(2) in northeastern Australia. A study of diffuse pollutants during high flow events was conducted in coastal streams in this region. Sampling was conducted in the Pioneer River catchment during a high flow event in February 2002 and in Gooseponds Creek, Sandy Creek and Carmila Creek in March 2003. Concentrations of five herbicides; atrazine (1.3 microg l(-1)), diuron (8.5 microg l(-1)), 2,4-D (0.4 microg l(-1)), hexazinone (0.3 microg l(-1)) and ametryn (0.3 microg l(-1)) and high concentrations of nutrients (total nitrogen 1.14 mg l(-1), total phosphorus 0.20 mg l(-1)) and suspended sediments (620 mg l(-1)) were measured at Dumbleton Weir on the lower reaches of the Pioneer River. Drinking water guidelines for atrazine and 2,4-D were exceeded at Dumbleton Weir, low reliability trigger values for ecosystem protection for diuron were exceeded at three sites and primary industry guidelines for irrigation levels of diuron were also exceeded at Dumbleton Weir. Similar concentrations were found in the three smaller streams measured in 2003. Herbicides and fertilisers used in sugarcane cultivation were identified as the most likely major source of the herbicide residues and nutrients found.     

Constraints on spatial variability in soft-sediment communities affected by contamination from an Antarctic waste disposal site

A small-scale (<500 m length) transect-based survey was conducted in December 1998 to examine the spatial distribution of soft-sediment communities and of concentrations of heavy metals and hydrocarbons in sediments in Brown Bay, adjacent to an abandoned waste dump, at Casey Station, Antarctica. Samples were taken along three transects at increasing distances (nine stations) from the shore-line waste dump. A gradient of contamination was detected, but concentrations of contaminants were very variable with "hotspots" or high levels of contaminants at some stations. Multivariate analysis revealed that the distribution of soft-sediment communities was distinctly different between the inner, middle and outer stations. Abundances of most taxa were very variable with few patterns apparent, but some fauna displayed an abundance gradient from the inner to the outer part of the bay. Many taxa had maximum abundances at outer stations and minimum at inner stations. Multivariate correlations between environmental variables and soft-sediment communities indicated that combinations of some metals (Cd, Cu, Sn, Pb) and grain size (mainly finer fractions, fine sands and coarse silts) were the variables that best "matched" the community patterns within Brown Bay. This study indicated that there were significant correlations between the presence of contaminants and the distribution and composition of soft-sediment communities over very small spatial scales.     

密度差随深度变化的不规则截面二度体的重力异常

本文是将Hubbert(1948)的线积分法用于求得密度差随深度呈线性变化的任意截面二度体的重力异常。以N边的多边形代替物体截面,利用任一边的两个顶点坐标来求其相应的重力异常,然后再对各边产生的重力异常进行求和得出总的重力效应。在这里我们还研究了密度差随深度呈指数变化的情况。利用这个方法求得了美国加州San Jacinto地堑的构造,在该地堑内充填的沉积物其密度差是随深度呈指数增加的。