Identification of SH Deltav=1 Ro-vibrational Lines in R Andromedae

We report the detection of a broad 22 μm emission feature in the Carina Nebula H ii region by the Infrared Space Observatory (ISO) short-wavelength spectrometer. The feature shape is similar to that of the 22 μm emission feature of newly synthesized dust observed in the Cassiopeia A supernova remnant. This finding suggests that both of the features are arising from the same carrier and that supernovae are probably the dominant production sources of this new interstellar grain. A similar broad emission dust feature is also found in the spectra of two starburst galaxies from the ISO archival data. This new dust grain could be an abundant component of interstellar grains and can be used to trace the supernova rate or star formation rate in external galaxies. The existence of the broad 22 μm emission feature complicates the dust model for starburst galaxies and must be taken into account correctly in the derivation of dust color temperature. Mg protosilicate has been suggested as the carrier of the 22 μm emission dust feature observed in Cassiopeia A. The present results provide useful information in studies on the chemical composition and emission mechanism of the carrier.     

富钴铁锰结壳的控矿要素和成矿过程:以西太平洋为例

富钴铁锰结壳(简称富钴结壳)是产出在海山、岛屿斜坡及海底高地上的一种潜在新型矿产资源,由铁锰氧化物和氢氧化物组成,富含Co、Ni、Zn、Pb、Ce、Pt、REE等金属元素,其中Co的平均含量较陆地原生钴矿高几十倍.     

巴布亚—新几内亚Frieda河远景区地质简介

Frieda河远景区,位于巴布亚—新几内亚西Sepik行政区的Sepik河北部支流地区,地处南纬4°41＇,东经141°47＇。在该远景区内,火成岩占有大约200平方公里以上的面积,且具有斑岩铜矿床和黄铁矿质交代型的铜—金矿床。本文主要论述火成杂岩体的岩石学和地球化学,以及火成岩和成矿作用的地质年代。一、区域地质背景尽管Dow等(1972)和Davies(1979)曾经阐述过该远景区的区域地质,但仅在本文中才     

地球早期地质生物化学演化

绪言近年来,目的在于对地球形成及其早期演化过程作出解释的研究日益增多。相应的资料来自以古老地体调查为根据的各种各样野外和实验室数据,包括实验岩石学研究、地球化学计算、微生物学和天文学考察。本文考虑到地球早期地质生物化学演化的各个方面,综合资料适用于上述种种来源,从而发挥和刷新了由Lambert和Groves(1981)所提出的许多结论。第一节中提     

正直近景摄影测量的精度(方程式的推演并和模拟法比较结果)

在摄影测量的模拟和解析的应用中,垂直式摄影测量应用的最普遍。在正直近景摄影测量的情况下,应用垂直式航空摄影测量学估算精度的公式,得不到满意的结果。因此,为了估算近景摄影测量的精度,应用数学模型(模拟)的方法。用模拟的方法所获得的估算精度与实际应用中所获得的精度相符。但是,模拟方法花钱多而且工艺复杂。这篇论文用数学和实验证明了估算正直近景摄影测量和航空摄影测量精度新推导出来的公式。     

华南冷季暴雨中热带卷云羽特征研究

冷季暴雨特别是南方冷季暴雨不但常有发生,其强度和灾害甚至不亚于暖季暴雨。统计表明约有80%的华南冷季强降水与热带卷云羽(简称TP)活动相对应。为此,本文利用近7年FY-2静止气象卫星、TRMM卫星合成降水率数据、ECMWFInterim再分析资料以及地面与探空的常规观测资料等,综合分析了与华南冷季暴雨相关的热带卷云羽的相关特征。分析结果表明,与华南冷季降水有关的TP云产生的源地主要集中在0°~10°N、70°~140°E之间区域内。青藏高原大地形作用对TP引起的华南冷季降水分布具有不可忽视的作用。Hovm6ller图分析显示,TP云在爆发前,云系大多呈连续西传的特征,传播速度约为15~20 m·s~(-1),与大尺度斜压波波速相当或略快。一般来说,与弱降水相比,引起强降水的TP云在爆发前移速较快,受来自对流层中上层的动力强迫影响较大。TP云爆发后,云内强对流区总体移动速度不快,大部分集中在TP云的西南端较小范围内。副热带高空急流只是使得TP云的云盖快速向东扩展。上述特征可能是造成华南冷季强降水中只有个别站点强度大而整体降水强度不强的可能原因。     

松辽盆地嫩江组油页岩发育控制因素

松辽盆地嫩江组一段和二段发育的油页岩是极其优质烃源岩, 生物标志化合物参数指示油页岩母质生源主要来自于水生生物其繁盛受温湿气候和湖泊富营养化控制.岩石学、元素地球化学、生物标志化合物等参数表明, 高盐和缺氧条件下的稳定水体分层是嫩一段油页岩沉积时期有机质保存的主控因素, 而嫩二段油页岩沉积时期水体盐度分层明显减弱, 此时藻类个体增大和孤立藻数量增多条件下的高生物生产力有利于有机质富集.为揭示嫩江组不同沉积环境下油页岩发育的控制因素, 建立了嫩一段油页岩沉积时期保存条件控制和嫩二段油页岩沉积时期生物生产力控制的两种有机质富集模式, 这对含氧淡水大型陆相湖泊的有机质富集成因探讨具有重要借鉴意义.      

Scientific management of Mediterranean coastal zone: a hybrid ocean forecasting system for oil spill and search and rescue operations

The oil spill from Prestige tanker showed the importance of scientifically based protocols to minimize the impacts on the environment. In this work, we describe a new forecasting system to predict oil spill trajectories and their potential impacts on the coastal zone. The system is formed of three main interconnected modules that address different capabilities: (1) an operational circulation sub-system that includes nested models at different scales, data collection with near-real time assimilation, new tools for initialization or assimilation based on genetic algorithms and feature-oriented strategic sampling; (2) an oil spill coastal sub-system that allows simulation of the trajectories and fate of spilled oil together with evaluation of coastal zone vulnerability using environmental sensitivity indexes; (3) a risk management sub-system for decision support based on GIS technology. The system is applied to the Mediterranean Sea where surface currents are highly variable in space and time, and interactions between local, sub-basin and basin scale increase the non-linear interactions effects which need to be adequately resolved at each one of the intervening scales. Besides the Mediterranean Sea is a complex reduced scale ocean representing a real scientific and technological challenge for operational oceanography and particularly for oil spill response and search and rescue operations.