Biomarker responses in Macoma nasuta (Bivalvia) exposed to sediments from northern San Francisco Bay

Our study investigates biomarker responses and survival of Macoma nasuta exposed to sediments collected from six locations in northern San Francisco Bay. Biomarkers analyzed were stress proteins (hsp70) in gill, mantle and digestive gland, lysosomal membrane damage and histopathologic lesions. Sediments and clam tissues were analyzed for a comprehensive suite of heavy metals and trace organic pollutants. Sediment grain size and organic carbon content were determined. Clams accumulated metals, polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and organochlorine pesticides (aldrin and p,p(')-DDT and its metabolites p,p(')-DDD and p,p(')-DDE). Pearson and Spearman correlation analysis revealed that mortality, hsp70 in gill and histopathologic lesion scores in gonads, and lysosomal membrane damage were significantly correlated with tissue concentrations of DDT and/or its metabolites. Tissue concentrations of metals, in particular nickel, chromium, and copper, were associated with macrophage aggregates in digestive gland and germ cell necrosis. Cadmium was linked to mortality and lysosomal membrane damage.     

温度和活动对仔鲱氧代谢的影响

于１９９３年春在苏格兰采用微电量测氧仪测定大西洋鲱仔鱼在封闭式呼吸器内的耗氧量，并以其作代谢率，通过红外光源录象系统同步纪录仔鲱的游泳活动，从而首次实现仔全在不同温度条件下代谢与活动的相关。同时，还分别测定仔鲱在浅麻醉（静止）和黑暗状态下的耗氧量，仔鲱的实验和饲养温度一致，分为７．３，１１．０和１２．９℃３个组别。结果表明，仔鲱在常规，静止和黑暗条件下的耗氧量均与体重显著相关，且随温度而提高。仔鲱     

The potential of the three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus L.) as a combined biomarker for oestrogens and androgens in European waters

The majority of endocrine disruption studies in Europe have been on non-indigenous species (some of them tropical!)--and none of which has traits that make them suitable for the detection of androgenic compounds. To overcome these problems, we have been developing the stickleback as a model biomarker for testing the effect of endocrine disrupters in European waters. Its advantages are: it is the only fish with a quantifiable in vivo androgen and anti-androgen endpoint (the production of the glue protein, spiggin, by the kidney); it is the only fish in which it will be possible to simultaneously test oestrogenic and androgenic properties of compound; it has a genetic sex marker; it is found in all EU countries; it survives and breeds in both seawater and freshwater; it is extremely robust and can be readily deployed in situ; it displays a variety of pronounced reproductive behaviours; it has a simple and short life cycle, low fecundity and high egg/fry survival rates.     

The ethno-demographic status of the Baltic States

The essay examines historic and current ethnodemographic trends in spatial and cultural contexts in the Baltic States. Fifty years of Soviet rule, with deliberate policies to dilute the relative homogeneity of the Balts through ethnocide, in-migration, and political dominance by Moscow, has left tensions between citizens of the Baltic States and illegal immigrants, mostly Russians. Estonians, and Latvians, in particular, fear ethnic and cultural extinction. The process of ethnic dilution and mixing under the Soviets is examined in terms of rural-urban contexts, the workplace, employment, housing, and education. Europe's smallest ethnic group, the Livs of Latvia, is also examined. Current demographic trends are analysed and prospects for ethnic harmony in these multi-ethnic societies are interpreted. A recurrent theme is that Latvia, with 52% of the population Latvian, is facing the most difficulties; Lithuania, with 80% Lithuanians, the least.     

冀东都山花岗岩基及相关花岗斑岩脉SHRIMP锆石U-Pb法定年及其意义

都山花岗岩体是冀东地区最大的花岗岩基,在其周边产有众多与其有关的“卫星”岩体和岩脉。采用先进的SHRIMP定年方法,测得都山花岗岩基的206Pb/238U年龄为(223±2)Ma,其东侧三家金矿区成矿前花岗斑岩脉的年龄为(222±4)Ma,二者在误差范围内一致,花岗岩基和花岗斑岩脉可视为同一次岩浆活动的产物。这种晚古生代末—早中生代印支期的花岗岩在华北克拉通北缘广泛分布,显示它是一次重要的构造-岩浆事件的产物。根据岩石化学和微量元素特征及有关判别图,都山等印支期花岗岩可能属中朝板块与西伯利亚板块碰撞造山作用的后碰撞花岗岩。花岗斑岩脉中发现有新太古代的继承锆石,表明花岗斑岩的部分源岩为区内新太古代八道河岩群变质岩。都山花岗岩与花岗斑岩脉同时、同源,推测其源岩也有部分为新太古代结晶基底的变质岩。花岗岩与区内金矿化有较大的时差,两者不存在直接的成因联系,仅表明成矿晚于早中生代印支期。     

金厂沟梁—二道沟金矿田内花岗岩类侵入体锆石的离子探针U—Pb年代及意义

金厂沟梁-二道沟金矿田内花岗岩类侵入体SHRIMP锆石U-Ph定年结果表明,该区中生代以来到少经历了三次中酸性岩浆侵入作用,它们分别以西台子二长花岗岩、娄上含辉石石英闪长岩和西对面沟花岗闪长岩及闪长玢岩脉在218±4Ma(印支期)、161±1Ma(燕山早期)和126±1Ma(燕山晚期)的侵位为标志。花岗岩类的地球化学资料表明,这些花岗岩类侵入体形成与造山作用有关,为造山后或陆内拉张作用的产物。二道沟矿区成矿前或成矿期闪长玢岩脉的年龄126±1Ma限定了该区金矿化的最大年龄;结合前人有关年代学资料,认为本区金矿化应发生在126～118Ma。这说明金厂沟梁-二道沟金矿田的金矿床与我国胶东、小秦岭和辽东等地区的金矿床是同时形成的,再次证明燕山晚期是中国最重要而广泛的金成矿期。此外,在这些主要的金矿区内,金矿化时间上均具有与各自区内最晚一次花岗质岩浆作用同时或稍晚的特征,这可能指示金矿床是造山作用或区域构造-岩浆演化最晚期的产物。     

长坑大型金银矿成矿流体N2-Ar-He示踪体系

长坑金银矿是新近发现的新型大型贵金属矿床。较系统的N₂-Ar-He示踪体系和He同位东组成研究表明:该矿床成矿流体主要来源于建造水(或称沉积热卤水),而不是前人所普遍认为的大气降水。成矿流体中馒源岩浆水的比例也很低,一般不超过10%。在晚侏罗纪到早白垩纪,粤中三洲盆地由于巨厚沉积物的聚积,其中建造水受到挤压加温,顺层侧向迁移,并最终沿盆地边缘缓倾斜的层间断裂向上运移,由于温、压下降等原因导致矿质在断裂中沉淀。该矿的成矿机制与卡林型(Carhn-type)金矿明显不同。     

Atmospheric and Coupled Model Intercomparison in Terms of Amplitude—Phase Characteristics of Surface Air Temperature Annual Cycle

1. Introduction In spite of the progress achieved in global climatemodelling during the last few decades, the models stillshow considerable errors even for the surface air tem-perature ?eld (Covey et al., 2000; IPCC, 2001; Lam-bert and Boer, 2001). As i…     

OHP地震台网

在海洋半球计划(OHP)实施的5年中，我们在西北太平洋区域改建了一个以POSEIDON项目启动的地震台网。我们在以下方面对该台网进行了改善：(1)用新设备替换原有设备；(2)改建地震计摆房；(3)建立一些新台站。我们也在西北太平洋区域进行了地震仪安装后的临时地震观测。我们在该台网内使用了宽频带OBS和陆地上的宽频带地震仪。本文将介绍我们在这段时间里的工作。