地震动加速度与震源参数之间的关系:理论与观测

本文得到了一个地震动加速度均方根(rms)与地震频谱(或震源)参数之间的简单关系式:A_(rms)=(2π)~2Ω_0f_0~2/(πkT)~(1/2)(1+πkf_0/1.5~(0.25))~2式中Ω_0是低频位移谱的谱幅值,f_0是拐角频率,κ是衰减参数,T是数据时段。这个结果使用远场辐射奥米伽平方模型解释了特定场地衰减。该式相对于Hanks(1979)关系式的主要优点是简化了假设约束,放宽了频谱拐角频率远小于由衰减引起的最大拐角频率,以及频谱在两个频率之间近似为完全平直的限制。我们使用了一组来自日本、美国加利福尼亚州、墨西哥和中国台湾记录的复合地震数据集,测试了这个新的关系式。结果显示,对拐角频率的任意组合,地震动加速度的观测值和预测值具有很好的一致性。因此,利用上述关系式可以将由频发的小地震得到的地震动预测方程的推断应用到罕见的大地震。这种功能在地震矩释放率很低的慢滑移板块边界附近非常有用。     

冀东金厂峪金矿区钠长岩脉及青山口花岗岩体SHRIMP锆石U-Pb定年及其意义

金厂峪金矿床是冀东最大的金矿床 ,具有早期复脉型和晚期石英大脉型两种矿石类型。矿区产有多期钠长岩脉 ,且与含金矿脉有密切的时间和空间关系。青山口花岗岩体位于矿区西约 2～ 3km,有研究者认为金矿床成因上与花岗岩体有关。应用先进的 SHRIMP测年技术 ,测得肉红色钠长岩脉的锆石 w (2 0 7Pb) / w (2 0 6Pb)年龄为 (185 8± 8) Ma,青山口花岗岩体锆石 w(2 0 6Pb) / w(2 3 8U )年龄为 (199± 2 ) Ma。金厂峪金矿床的的复脉型矿化早于肉红色钠长岩脉 ,故其矿化的时代应在晚元古代。青山口岩体的年龄和区域上与辉钼矿化有关的花岗岩年龄一致 ,均为燕山早期。推测金厂峪金矿床晚期石英大脉型矿化中的辉钼矿化可能与青山口花岗岩体有关 ,石英大脉型金矿化时代为中生代燕山期     

Compositional Variation and Mineral Chemistry of the Jinshajiang and Lancangjiang Serpentinites,Yunnan Province,SW China

We present the whole rock and the mineral chemical data for upper mantle peridotites from the San-Jiang region in Yunnan, SW China. These peridotites are a part of a Paleo-Tethyan ophiolite belt occurring along the Jinshajiang and Lancangjiang suture zones. All samples of the Jinshajiang and Lancangjiang ultramafic rocks are completely serpentinized. The Jinshajiang serpentinites are characterized by no relict of olivine and pyroxene, and the Cr# content of spinels is 0.32–0.49. The Lancangjiang serpentinites were collected from two different locations; the northern location which has some relict of Opx(Al2O3 is 0.13–2.2 wt%, TiO 2 is 0.004–0.057 wt% and Mg# content is 0.895–0.933) and the Cr# content of spinel is 0.26-0.55; the southern location, which has some relict of Olivine(Fo = 90–92.5 and NiO = 0.12–0.26 wt%), and spinel Cr# ranging from 0.41 to 0.57. The whole rock geochemical and the mineral chemistry data imply that the Jinshajiang and Lancangjiang serpentinites represent abyssal peridotites residues after ~15–20% partial melting for the Jinshajiang and Lancangjiang serpentinites(south location), and ~11–19% partial melting for the Lancangjiang serpentinites(north location). In addition, the compositional trends of the spinel analyses of the Lancangjiang serpentinites imply that the MORB melt-peridotite interaction process played a significant role during their evolution. These processes are evidenced by an increase in Cr# with an increase in TiO 2, whereas the spinel analyses of the Jinshajiang serpentinites display an increase in Cr# with a decrease in Ti O2, indicating that the Jinshajiang serpentinites were subjected to a simple partial melting process.     

铁岭地区地下水电导率特征及其与主要污染元素的相关性分析

基于野外调查和室内测试,分析了铁岭地区不同水文地质单元内地下水的电导率特征,并圈定了其异常范围。对比研究证实,地下水的电导率异常与其污染状况密切相关。相关分析表明,营养盐离子NO3-、NO2-及Mg2 等不仅是引起地下水污染的重要组分,也是导致电导率异常的主要因素。     

飞机排放的NOx对中国地区NOx和臭氧的影响

根据2000年亚音速飞机排放的NO_x,利用三维全球化学输送模式(OSLOCTM2)研究亚音速飞机排放的NO_x对中国地区NO_x和臭氧的影响。模式结果表明:亚音速飞机排放的NO_x明显地影响中国北方地区,在1月份,250hPa高度NO_x的浓度增加大约50pptv,最大的相对变化为60％;在4月份,250hPa高度臭氧增加8ppbv,相对变化为5％。NO_x的增加主要是由于输送过程引起的,但臭氧的增加则是化学过程生成的结果。由于中国地区亚音速飞机排放的NO_x造成的NO_x的增加不超过10pptv,而且臭氧增加小于0.4ppbv。即使中国地区亚音速飞机排放的NO_x增加一倍,这个影响仍然比较小。     

Aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons in coastal Caspian Sea sediments

This investigation represents the first extensive study of the spatial distribution and sources of aliphatic (n-alkanes and unresolved complex mixture of fossil hydrocarbons) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in coastal sediments from the Caspian Sea. PAH concentrations, n-alkanes and biomarker profiles all suggested that there was limited petrogenic contamination in the shallow North Caspian Sea sediments, which are coarse with a low total organic carbon content. In contrast, moderate to high petrogenic contamination was found in the South Caspian Sea, in particular in the offshore oil fields near Baku, Azerbaijan. Contaminant patterns indicated that the PAHs were mainly from fossil sources, with higher contributions of pyrolytic only near industrialized and urban areas. A high contribution of perylene, a geochemically derived PAH, to the total PAHs was found in the west and south at sites influenced by the Kura, Safid Rud, Terek, Sulak and Samur Rivers.     

地球历史中矿产资源分布之规律

现有的矿产资源分布资料可以说明地球历史中亲铁和亲铜元素成矿的一般规律。铁矿床在元古宙地核分离之后最为发育。除个别显著成矿高峰外 ,金的储量分布与铁类似。亲铁元素矿物的成矿潜力在古元古代也最大 ,以后逐渐降低 ,只是在显生宙 ,因地壳的再循环和古老矿床中矿石物质的活化而再次增大。元素的行为则完全不同 ,在前寒武纪时期它们的活动性为中等。亲铜矿物矿床的总量 ,在显生宙因再循环而达到最高 ,亲铜矿物矿床成矿能力较之亲铁矿物强得多 ,因为硫化物比铁金属氧化物更为活泼。地球演化的旋回性表现为超大陆形成的周期性 ,它与矿产的分布颇为一致。铁矿、亲铁元素和金成矿作用的突然激增 ,显然是在超大陆形成之后 ,并且与其早期裂解的脉动相对应。亲铜元素堆积的高峰期往往与超大陆的形成期相对应。尽管亲铜元素成矿的第三次脉动与中生代古陆 (Mesogea)的形成并不一致 ,但却与劳亚古陆及冈瓦纳古陆的裂解相一致。此种成矿堆积现象可以借助地幔内非稳态化学密度对流所诱发的地壳发展周期性来解释。根据超大陆形成的周期性推断地幔对流巨旋回的主期应为 80 0Ma ,此种周期性亦反映了具原始地幔印记的亲铁、金和亲铜元素的聚集作用过程。因此 ,地球圈层中地幔对流作用的周期性亦显著地控制了包括地幔     

A new interpretation for the origin of the Norilsk typePGEeCueNi sulfide deposits

The origin of PGEeCueNi sulfide deposits of Norilsk and Talnakh located in the northwest flank of the Triassic basalt trap formation of Siberia is considered. It is shown that ore elements of these deposits (probably, except Fe) are derived from the crust rather than from the mantle. They entered the basalts owing to a remobilization (recycling) of ore elements from the Paleoproterozoic sediments and from the rocks of the Siberian platform’s basement. Prospecting criteria for similar deposits are as follows: (1) a presence of a large Paleoproterozoic aulacogen and a related magmatic sulfide CueNi mineralization; (2) a confinement of perspective areas to troughs associated with long-lived deep fault zones; (3) association with mobile orogenic belts, island-arc systems and tectonomagmatic activation zones; (4) temporal association with boundaries of global periods characterized by active processes of continental breakup and large-scale trap magmatism. A combination of several factors (the first one is obligatory) is favorable for the discovery of a large ore body.     

梅县嵩溪银（锑）矿流体包裹体轻烃组成及其矿床成因意义

嵩溪是一个新发现的大型银（锑）矿,位于永梅拗陷南段寨岗上火山沉积盆地的边缘。前人多认为其形成与火山活动有关,主要有海底基性火山喷流和中低温火山热液充填等成因观点。但矿物流体包裹体超高真空四极气相质谱系统测定表明其中存在多种轻烃气体,它们主要由C1~4饱和烷烃组成,仅含微量C2~4不饱和烯烃和芳烃,说明成矿过程基本未受到岩浆作用的影响。这些轻烃气为微生物作用成因和沉积岩围岩中Ⅱ类干酪根热解成因的混合气体。从有机气体组成看,嵩溪矿床的成矿背景属裂谷环境。本文的研究从一个侧面支持了作者等提出的嵩溪银(锑)矿可能属沉积热卤水改造型矿床的看法。     

Photometric Survey of Galactic Open Clusters

1　ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＯｐｅｎｃｌｕｓｔｅｒｓａｒｅｉｄｅａｌｔａｒｇｅｔｓｗｉｔｈｗｈｉｃｈｔｏｉｎｖｅｓｔｉｇａｔｅｔｈｅｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅａｎｄｅｖｏｌｕｔｉｏｎｏｆｔｈｅＧａｌａｃｔｉｃｄｉｓｋａｓｗｅｌｌａｓｔｈｅｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎａｎｄｅｖｏｌｕｔｉｏｎｏｆｓｔａｒｓａｎｄｓｔｅｌｌａｒｃｌｕｓｔｅｒｓ.Ｔｈｅｒｅａｒｅａｂｏｕｔ1 ,2 0 0ｋｎｏｗｎｏｐｅｎｃｌｕｓｔｅｒｓｉｎｔｈｅＣａｔａｌｏｇｕｅｏｆＯｐｅｎＣｌｕｓｔｅｒＤａｔａ (Ｌｙｎｇａ 1 987) .Ｉｎｓｐｉｔｅｏｆｍａｎｙ…