多波束水深测量误差源分析与成果质量评定

结合多波束测深系统在海洋水深测量实际生产中的应用,分析了受复杂海洋动态环境以及仪器自身原因等内外部因素影响易产生的各种粗差和系统性偏差,探讨了适用于多波束测深系统获取的水深测量成果的质量控制和检验指标,制定了涵盖多波束测深数据采集、处理、成果制作、验收等全过程的质量检验方案。     

中远海综合测量技术设计与实施的合理化探讨

中远海测量具有作业海区远、航次时间跨度长、测区环境复杂、气象条件变化大、测区已知资料少等特点,对作业人员和测量设备都是一个大的挑战。在作业中,综合测量还要充分考虑声学设备之间的信号干扰和作业模式的相互干扰等问题。针对中远海综合测量的特点,对综合测量技术设计、仪器设备的准备、食品的补给、综合测量实施中注意的问题等提出了合理化建议。     

南海岛礁航空摄影常见问题及对策

为解决远离大陆的海岛礁地形测绘的技术难题,在西沙群岛应用IMU/DGPS辅助海岛礁无控航空摄影技术进行了作业,经实测成果检验,影像精度满足大比例尺航测要求。基于试验分析,对在南海岛礁进行航空摄影常见问题提出了解决建议,有助于航空摄影测量技术在海岛礁测绘中的应用推广。     

浅地层剖面系统延迟计算方法研究

浅地层剖面系统在进行海底探测时,定位数据与声学剖面数据之间不可避免地存在着延迟误差,该误差在进行海底精细探测时将会引起较大的海底目标定位误差。本文提出基于同一测线探测法的延迟校正方法,求取系统延迟值,能够大幅度提高海底目标探测的定位精度。试验结果显示,该方法能够在水上动态环境中实现海底目标的精确定位。     

海域多源重力数据融合处理的解析方法

在深入分析海域多源重力数据观测技术特性的基础上,提出了基于双权因子的多源数据网格化一步融合处理方法,以及基于分步平差、拟合、推估和内插相结合的多步融合处理方法,并通过实际算例验证了两种解析融合处理方法的有效性。     

A statistical model for karst spring discharge estimation under extensive groundwater development and extreme climate change

ABSTRACT

To acquire better understanding of spring discharge under extreme climate change and extensive groundwater pumping, this study proposed an extreme value statistical decomposition model, in which the spring discharge was decomposed into three items: a long-term trend; periodic variation; and random fluctuation. The long-term trend was fitted by an exponential function, and the periodic variation was fitted by an exponential function whose index was the sum of two sine functions. A general extreme value (GEV) model was used to obtain the return level of extreme random fluctuation. Parameters of the non-linear long-term trend and periodic variation were estimated by the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm, and the GEV model was estimated by the maximum likelihood method. The extreme value statistical decomposition model was applied to Niangziguan Springs, China to forecast spring discharge. We showed that the modelled spring discharge fitted the observed data very well. Niangziguan Springs discharge is likely to continue declining with fluctuation, and the risk of cessation by August 2046 is 1%. The extreme value decomposition model is a robust method for analysing the nonstationary karst spring discharge under conditions of extensive groundwater development/pumping, and extreme climate changes.

Editor D. Koutsoyiannis; Associate editor J. Ward     

Variational inequality-based particle discontinuous deformation analysis

Orienting the circular and rigid particle medium, the variational inequality-based discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA) is established. In the proposed DDA, the global stiffness matrix, the penalty parameters, and the open-close iteration are successfully avoided. The contact constraint is transferred into the problem of variational or quasi-variational inequalities. And explicit variational expression on the contact force is firstly established. To speed up the rate of solving contact force, on the basis of the two-stage prediction-correction method, we design a compatibility iteration algorithm (PPC-CI). The C++ code is developed in multicore environment through the open multi-processing (OpenMP) in order to take advantage of the parallelizable features of the new DDA. Numerical tests suggest that the presented DDA is effective and promising.     

宁夏及邻区地震震源参数研究

利用宁夏地震台网记录的宁夏及邻区数字地震波资料,采用Brune(1970)模型,通过几何扩散校正、介质衰减校正、仪器校正等将速度记录谱归算为震源位移谱。使用遗传算法计算拐角频率及零频极限,进而计算震源半径、地震矩等小震震源参数,并系统分析了各种参数之间的关系。使用发生于2003年6月—2007年12月ML1.7~4.4的186次地震事件估算的震源参数表明:地震矩、近震震级、破裂半径、拐角频率等之间可以拟合为对数或半对数线性关系。地震应力降、视应力与震源半径没有表现出明显的依赖关系,但与地震矩之间表现出正相关关系。与其他地区相比,此研究区属于低应力释放区域。     

Analysis of Space-time Characteristics of Energy Field of Seismicity in Jiangsu and Its Neighboring Areas

The paper analyzes the variation characteristics of energy fields of seismicity 2.1≤M L ≤4.5 in Jiangsu and its neighboring areas during the period between January 1970 and December 2007.It also analyzes the variations of time "weight" coefficients of the major typical energy fields,using random function theory with seismic energy fields as a space-time random function field based on Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) expansion methods.The results show that the expansion accuracy of the first seven typical fields is 0.9244.The strength of seismic energy varies remarkably in different tectonic blocks in the study area.High value areas are in middle and southern Jiangsu,and the south Yellow Sea.The distribution of the typical fields also shows that it is an area that affects most significantly the seismic energy fields of the study region.The time "weight" coefficients of the first six typical fields vary with time,and the amplitude of the variations has strong temporal correlations with moderate-strong earthquakes in the region.     

基于D—S证据理论的多参数反演的火成岩识别——以塔里木盆地哈拉哈塘地区为例

塔里木盆地哈拉哈塘地区具有良好油源地质条件,该地区二叠系火成岩普遍发育,复杂的岩性和剧烈的厚度变化影响下覆油气资源的勘探.为识别该地区英安岩和玄武岩这2种主要分布的火成岩,分析不同岩性的特征响应,选取有效岩性识别参数,进行多参数反演;利用基于D-S证据理论的信息融合技术对多参数反演结果进行融合,挖掘参数反演数据体的优势信息,得到岩性识别的概率体,有效避免传统波阻抗反演结果的局限性.该方法可预测主要火成岩类型在空间上的展布和厚度变化,提高岩性解释精度,在识别火成岩岩性方面取得较好效果.