实时威胁态势感知的室内火灾疏散路径动态优化方法

如何在火灾态势迅速演变的复杂室内环境下选择安全有效的疏散路线是正确引导人群疏散、减少人员伤亡的重要保障。传统静态寻径方法难以顾及火灾态势演变过程,导致疏散决策的盲目性和滞后性突出。本文提出了一种实时威胁态势感知的室内火灾疏散路径动态优化方法,充分利用实时接入的火场状态和室内建筑环境状态等火灾威胁态势场信息,动态调整和优化疏散路径。该方法建立了室内火灾实时威胁态势信息在语义空间的统一表示模型,并对多源、多尺度火灾传感器观测数据在语义空间进行统一建模,从实时接入的动态观测数据中提取室内火灾三维威胁态势信息,用于约束疏散路径的动态优化。模拟试验证明,本方法可根据火灾态势演变准确可靠地动态调整疏散路径,从而显著提高应急疏散的精准性。     

地震应急工作遵循的准则及其在地震预报中的实现

阐述了地震应急工作应遵循的准则－“社会满意准则”介绍上海市地震局在１９９６年１１月９日长江口以东海域发生Ｍｓ６．０地震时，迅速作出趋势判断的原始依据，由于当时作的趋势判断符合地震应急的科学性和社会性，因而在稳定性社会秩序，保障经济活动中取得了较好的经济效益，可供有关方面参考。     

Application of a Space-based Optical Interferometer Toward Measuring Cosmological Distances of Quasars

Measuring quasar distance through joint analysis of spectroastrometry and reverberation mapping observations is a new method for driving the development of cosm...     

中国粮食硒含量的地理分布

本文应用多重正态分布理论,将粮食硒含量分成三级,编制中国粮食硒含量等级分布图,并且分析了我国粮食硒含量地域分异的主要原因。     

A mathematical study ofcyrtograptus sakmaricus lineage

On the basis of a mathematical study of the Cyrtograptus sakmaricuslineage, all members of this lineage have the shape of a logarithmic spiral, which may be expressed in terms of the equation ρ = A ? e^aθ.Tightness of coiling and the shape of the volution are determined by the value of a.This value, which controls the form and function of cyrtograptids, increases in stratigraphically higher members and may be used as a basis for dividing the genus Cyrtograptusinto various species.     

Status and challenges of water pollution problems in China: learning from the European experience

This paper provides a review of the water environment problems faced in China and a comparison with the European experience in dealing with such issues, with an attempt to emphasize the challenges in China. The paper also summarizes various studies in China to highlight the severity of water pollution problems faced by regulators, polluters and the general public. China’s water situation can be characterized by insufficient quantities of water, uneven distribution of water spatially and temporally, as well as poor water quality. Water pollution in China has spread from point source to non-point source, from fresh water to coastal water, and from surface water to groundwater. From the management and technological experience from EU, including water framework directive, water price system, desalination and groundwater recharge technologies, and from the analysis of water environment problems and management system in two regions, we could come to the conclusion that water price, water market and water tax could be introduced to China for water environment regulations. Moreover, it is necessary to establish a reliable risk assessment system for water quality, human health and ecological safety.     

Tectonic environment of mesozoic volcanic rocks in the coastal areas of SE China

Mesozoic volcanic rocks in the coastal areas of SE China consist predominantly of rhyolites and pyroclastic rocks, obviously distinct from island-arc volcanic rocks which consist mainly of andesitic rocks. Volcanic rocks in these areas mostly belong to the cale-alkaline series, and their geochemical characteristics are dissimilar to those of island-arc rocks. For example, the SiO₂ content varies greatly from 47 to 81 percent, Fe₂O₃+FeO/MgO>2, K₂O/Na₂O>0.8, the contents of Rb, Sr, Ba, Th, U, and Zr are higher than those of island-arc calc-alkaline rocks, and K/Rb <400. Andesite in the coastal areas of SE China, for the most part, belongs to the alkali-calcic series (CaO<Na₂O+K₂O), typical of a continental tectonic environment. Geotectonic studies have shown that the ancient Eurasian continental margin in Mesozoic times was located to the east of the line linking Japan and Taiwan, and the present location of Mesozoic rocks is not an island-arc. area. In the light of their characteristically high alkalinity, the Mesozoic volcanic rocks are considered to have been formed in a continental environment rather in an island-arc environment. Their formation was controlled by a compresso-shear tranform fault system.     

基于优序图法的可拓学理论在马吉水电站岩体质量评价中的应用

文中结合可拓学理论在工程实际中的应用, 将其应用到马吉水电站坝肩某高程平硐的岩体质量评价中。基于可拓学的相关理论, 同时, 引入优序图法确定各评价指标的权重系数, 建立了硐室岩体质量评价的物元模型, 并利用该模型对PD105各硐段岩体进行了可拓学的岩体质量评价, 结果符合现场观察规律。对比之前的RMR评价方法, 认为可拓学理论在岩体质量评价中能够很好地反应水电工程岩体的工程地质特性。     

拉萨河流域高山水热分布观测结果分析

利用架设在念青唐古拉山南坡9个海拔高度(4300～5500m)的自动气象站一年(2006年8月1日-2007年7月31日)的实测数据,对山坡1.5m高度的气温和季风期(6-9月)降水随海拔梯度和时间的变化进行了分析.表明4300～4950m存在一个逆温带,逆温时间自10月至翌年4月.年逆温频率为11.5%(42天).4300～5500m年平均气温直减率为0.61℃/100m;念青唐古拉山南坡季风期各月最大降水带都在海拔5100m.最大降水高度以下,山坡降水量递增率为4～7mm/100m,最大降水高度以上,降水递减率数值上为降水递增率的1.6～2.3倍.7月和8月降水量占季风期总降水量比例大于6月和9月.降水月内分配山坡上部总体较山坡下部均匀.降水主要发生在4:00-10:00以外的时间段,而大一中雨(3～14mm/h)主要发生在18:00-22:00.山坡强降水段相对集中在4650～5100m海拔高度.