黑钨矿矿囊熔离成因综述

一些与石英脉型钨锡矿化有关的花岗岩体内常发育有形态不同、规模不等、成分各异的矿化囊包体．其成因难手用岩浆结晶分异和岩浆期后热液成矿作用解释。地质和实验资料表明。此类花岗质岩浆体系中不仅存在液态分离作用形成熔离矿化囊包体。而且熔离成因的黑钨矿矿囊可作为岩体可以形成岩浆热液鸽矿的标志，同时说明石英脉型黑钨矿床的剥蚀深度较大。     

Geochemical and mineralogical anomalies of the late Permian coal in the Zhijin coalfield of southwest China and their volcanic origin

This paper describes the influence of volcanic ash on the concentrations and occurrences of associated elements in coal in the Zhijin Coalfield in western Guizhou Province, China. Our studies reveal that the No. 9 coal seam in the Zhijin Coalfield has very high content of Fe (4.34%), Cu (369.90 μg/g), U (49.6 μg/g), Mo (63.10 μg/g), Zn (33.97 μg/g), and Zr (841.80 μg/g). The studies have also found that elements, such as Fe and Cu, do not occur as sulfides in this coal seam, in sharp contrast to many other coal seams in China. The geochemical and mineralogical anomalies of the coal seam are attributed to synsedimentary volcanic ash. In addition to normal macerals and minerals in coal, a volcanic-influenced material (VIM) derived from volcanic ash, detrital material of terrigenous origin and organic matter was identified under polarized-light reflectance microscopy and scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analyzer. The volcanic-influenced material is the main carrier of the above elements in this coal. Six types of the volcanic-influenced material (VIM-1, VIM-2, VIM-3, VIM-4, VIM-5, and VIM-6) are further distinguished on the basis of their structures and compositions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report that presents a detailed classification of coal components with a high content of volcanic ash.     

冻土结构性研究方法初探

首次提出冰率的概念,对冻土的结构性研究方法进行了初步探索,并结合青藏铁路北麓河路基填土无侧限抗压强度试验,对正冰率与含水量和压实度的关系作了较为浅显的分析。     

Genesis of a mottled horizon by Fe-depletion within a laterite cover in the Amazon BasinGenèse d'un horizon tacheté par déferruginisation dans une couverture à latérite du Bassin amazonien

A mottled horizon in a laterite cover (without any duricrust) was studied by microscopy and quantitative chemical microanalysis. Apart from the voids, light red spots consisting of Fe-rich particles (≈2 μm) are set in clayey plasma. Dark red spots consisted of concentrations of Fe-rich particles. These patterns are inherited. On the border of structural or biological voids, where Fe-depletion features are systematic, gray or yellow spots result from dissolution of the Fe-rich particles and impregnation of the plasma by iron, respectively. The present Fe-depletion is the dominant process that explains the mottled differentiation and the absence of lateritic duricrust. To cite this article: V. Rosolen et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 187–195.     

景观偏好研究进展及地理学响应探讨

以Web of Science和中国知识资源总库为数据来源,进行知识图谱分析发现：2009年以来,景观偏好研究发展较快,涉及学科多、主题广泛;国际以文化生态系统服务、公众偏好、美学分析等为研究方向;国内围绕居民、游客和公共绿地等开展研究;学术共同体未形成,地理学者较少;地理学对景观偏好研究的响应国际上以技术应用为主,国内集中在旅游地理方向。景观偏好聚焦于人景互动和人的尺度,符合地理学核心主题,与人文地理学发展契合。积极响应景观偏好研究,将为地理学研究拓展小微尺度、深入揭示新时代人地关系提供新领域。     

PDSI及sc_PDSI干旱指数在中国西南地区适用性分析

西南地区是中国干旱灾害频发地区,且在全球变暖背景下,干旱发生的频率和程度都有所增加,对农业生产和水资源安全造成威胁。帕默尔干旱强度指数（PDSI,Palmer Drought Severity Index）及在其基础上发展而来的自适应帕默尔干旱强度指数（sc_PDSI,self-calibrating Palmer Drought Severity Index）作为较成熟的干旱监测指标已得到广泛应用。本文利用土壤可含水量（AWC,Available Water Holding Capacity）地理空间模型中土种与AWC的对应关系,反演出西南地区更高分辨率的AWC分布,并采用中国西南70站温度月均值、月累积降水数据,分别计算了PDSI指数及sc_PDSI指数,进而比较分析两种指数的时间变化特征及统计分布性质,探讨二者在西南地区对干旱监测的适用性。结果表明：（1）PDSI与sc_PDSI均反映了西南地区在1965—2010年变干的趋势,但PDSI时间序列振动幅度更大;（2）PDSI的频率分布出现“翘尾”现象,监测到的极端干旱/湿润事件的发生频率高于严重干旱/湿润事件,而sc_PDSI的频率分布则更接近于正态分布;（3）两种指数对2009/2010年西南地区干旱事件的监测结果表明,sc_PDSI对干旱落区和干旱级别的监测均一定程度上优于PDSI,与土壤湿度结果更为接近,而PDSI更易对旱情估计过重;（4）虽然整体上sc_PDSI对PDSI具有一定的调整作用及一定的优越性,但在个别区域（如热带季风气候）并没有体现出调整效果,应用时应当考虑区域因素。     

省级国土空间生态修复规划编制的思路与方法

省级国土空间生态修复规划是新时期各省深入推进生态文明建设的行动指南和纲领性文件,迫切需要多学科交叉的理论与方法支撑。文章从探析国土空间生态修复的科学内涵与理论基础出发,以人地关系地域系统理论框架为指导,融合景观生态学以及基于自然的解决方案,结合广东省国土空间生态修复规划地方实践,聚焦省级国土空间生态修复规划的目标指标、重大格局、分区布局、工程体系等规划重点、难点,提出了省级国土空间生态修复规划的思路与方法,具体概括为：按照“六步走”的整体思路,围绕“四个维度”目标体系,聚焦生态、城镇、农业“三大空间”,推进“重大格局—分区布局—重大工程”3个层次空间布局,形成“格局尺度重大工程、单元尺度重点项目、场地尺度工程措施”3个尺度工程体系布局。     

Rural vulnerability in China:Evaluation theory and spatial patterns

An indicator system is constructed and applied for comprehensive measurement of rural vulnerability in China's counties.Through the selection of five representative transects we explore regional differences in,and driving forces of,China's rural vulnerability.The re-sults show that (1) The rural vulnerability of counties in China is generally within the threshold range of low to medium,and exhibits obvious spatial differences.Along the "Bole-Taipei Line",there is a spatial pattern of north-south differentiation.Villages in the northeast part of the counties have low vulnerability,while those in the southwest are relatively vulnerable (2) Ex-ternal environmental phenomena are the leading factors that induce rural vulnerability.Spe-cifically,the rural ecological subsystem composed of ecological exposure,ecological sensi-tivity,and ecological adaptation is the principal determinant of rural vulnerability.The rural economic subsystem composed of economic exposure,economic sensitivity,and economic adaptation is also a core determinant of rural vulnerability.The social subsystem composed of social exposure,social sensitivity,and social adaptation is also an important determinant of rural vulnerability.(3) According to the principle of adapting measures to local conditions,different regions should seek to reduce regional embeddedness and path dependence.We should strengthen the prediction and monitoring of sources of disturbance in rural areas,and scientifically control the sensitivity of the system itself.Then the adaptive capacity of the rural system can be improved pursuant of promoting sustainable development.     

公众参与型环境规制的时空格局及驱动因子研究——以长江经济带为例

以长江经济带公众参与型环境规制为研究对象,运用空间分析方法研究其时空格局,通过地理探测器筛选其主导驱动因子,基于GWR（Geographically Weighted Regression）模型揭示主导驱动因子空间异质性。结果表明：① 各年份公众参与型环境规制均呈显著空间正相关,但集聚程度逐年下降;② 公众参与型环境规制空间分异格局基本稳定;③ 地理探测器剔除地均固定资产投资和万人在校大学生数两个初选因子;④ 公众参与型环境规制驱动因子作用力由大到小依次为环境风险、人地压力、排放强度、信息化水平、经济水平、产业结构;⑤ 各驱动因子存在特征不同的空间异质性,为制定针对性政策提供理论依据。     

苔藓结皮复配凹凸棒基高吸水性固沙材料的生理特性

综合性固沙技术在荒漠治理方面有着良好的发展前景。通过研究荒漠苔藓与凹凸棒基高吸水性树脂固沙材料的复配质量比与接种量对苔藓结皮的生长状态与生理特性的影响,探索和优化生物固沙与化学固沙技术相结合的技术途径。结果表明：温度和光照一定时,荒漠苔藓与凹凸棒基高吸水性固沙材料以质量比1∶4复配,以接种量500g·m^-2洒于沙面,所形成的苔藓结皮发育状况最佳。